A Comparative Analysis of Performance and QoS Issues in MANETs
Mobile Ad hoc networks (MANETs) are collections
of wireless mobile nodes dynamically reconfiguring and collectively
forming a temporary network. These types of networks assume
existence of no fixed infrastructure and are often useful in battle-field
tactical operations or emergency search-and-rescue type of
operations where fixed infrastructure is neither feasible nor practical.
They also find use in ad hoc conferences, campus networks and
commercial recreational applications carrying multimedia traffic. All
of the above applications of MANETs require guaranteed levels of
performance as experienced by the end-user. This paper focuses on
key challenges in provisioning predetermined levels of such Quality
of Service (QoS). It also identifies functional areas where QoS
models are currently defined and used. Evolving functional areas
where performance and QoS provisioning may be applied are also
identified and some suggestions are provided for further research in
this area. Although each of the above functional areas have been
discussed separately in recent research studies, since these QoS
functional areas are highly correlated and interdependent, a
comprehensive and comparative analysis of these areas and their
interrelationships is desired. In this paper we have attempted to
provide such an overview.
[1] Abdrabou A, Zhuang W (2006) A position-based QoS routing scheme
for UWB mobile ad hoc networks. IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.
24:850-856.
[2] Ahn G S, Campbell A T, Lee S B, Zhang X (1999) INSIGNIA. Internet
Draft. comet. columbia.edujinsigniajdraft-ietf-manet-insignia-01.txt
Accessed 18 March 2008.
[3] Ahn G S, Campbell A T, Veres A, Sun L H (2002) Supporting service
differentiation for real-time and best effort traffic in stateless Wireless
Ad Hoc Networks (SWAN), IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 1
(3): 192-207.
[4] Badis H, Agha K A (2005) QOLSR: QoS routing for ad hoc wireless
networks using OLSR. Wiley European Transactions on
Telecommunications 15(4):427--442.
[5] Barolli L, Koyama A, Shiratori N (2003) A QoS routing method for adhoc
networks based on genetic algorithm. Proc. 14th Int. Wksp.
Database and Expert Systems Applications 175-179.
[6] Bharghavan V, Demers A, Shenker S, Zhang L (1994) MACAW: A
media access protocol for wireless LANs. Proc. ACM SIGCOMM 212-
225.
[7] Blake S, Black D, Carlson M, Davies E, Wang Z, Weiss W (1998) An
architecture for differentiated services. IETF RFC2475.
www.ietf.orgjrfcjrfc2475.txt.
[8] Bluetooth SIG (2001) Specification of the Bluetooth System - Version
1.1 B.
[9] Braden R, Clark D, Shenker S (1994) Integrated services in the internet
architecture - an Overview. IETF RFC1633.
www.ietf.orgjrfcjrfcl633.txt.
[10] Braden R, Zhang L, Berson S, Herzog S, Jamin S (1997) Resource
reSerVation Protocol (RSVP) - Version I Functional Specification. RFC
2205. www.ietf.orgjrfcjrfc2205.txt.
[11] Brach J, Maltz D A, Johnson D B, Hu Y C, Jetcheva J (1998) A
performance comparison of multi-hop wireless ad hoc network routing
protocols. Proc. 4th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on
Mobile Computing and Networking 85-97.
[12] Vivek V, Sandeep T, Manoj B S, Murthy C S R (2004) A novel out-ofband
signaling mechanism for enhanced real time support in tactical ad
hoc wireless networks. Proc. IEEE RTAS 56-63.
[13] Chang J H, Tassiulas L (2000) Energy-conserving routing in wireless
ad-hoc networks. Proc. IEEE INFO COM 1:22-31.
[14] Wang M, Kuo G S (2005) An application-aware QoS routing scheme
with improved stability for multimedia applications in mobile ad hoc
networks. Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conf. 1901-1905.
[15] Chen T W, Tsai J T, Gerta M (1997) QoS routing performance in
multihop, multimedia, wireless networks. Proc. IEEE 6th Int. Conf.
Universal Personal Communications 2:557-561.
[16] Chen Y, Tseng Y, Sheu J, Kuo P (2002) On-demand, linkstate, multipath
QoS routing in a wireless mobile ad-hoc network. Proc. European
Wireless 135-141.
[17] Chua K C, Xiao H, Seah K G (2003) Relative service differentiation for
mobile ad hoc networks. Proc. IEEE Wireless Communications and
Networking Conference (WCNC) 2:1379-1384.
[18] Wroclawski J (1997) Specification of the controlled-load network
element service. RFC 2211. www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2211.txt.
[19] De S, Das S K, Wu H, Qiao C (2002) Trigger-based distributed QoS
routing in mobile ad hoc networks. ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile
Computing and Communications Review 6(3):22-35.
[20] Xiao H, Seah W K G, Chua K C (2000) A flexible quality of service
model for mobile ad hoc networks. Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology
Conference (VTC) 1:445-449.
[21] Dharmaraju D, Chowdhury A R, Hovareshti P, Baras J S (2002) INORA
- A unified signalling and routing mechanism for QoS support in mobile
ad hoc networks. Proc. ICPPW 86-93.
[22] Doshi S, Bhandare S, Brown T (2002) An on-demand minimum energy
routing protocol for a wireless ad-hoc network. Mobile Computing and
Communications Review 6(2):50-66.
[23] Fan Z (2004) QoS routing using lower layer information in ad hoc
networks. Proc. Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications
Conf., 135-139.
[24] Gerharz M, de Waal C, Frank M, James P (2003) A practical view on
quality-of-service support in wireless ad hoc networks. Proc. IEEE
Workshop on Applications and Services in Wireless Networks (ASWN),
citeseer.ist.psu.edu/jgerharz03practica1.html.
[25] Gupta P, McKeown N (1999) Packet classification on multiple fields.
Proc. ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Applications, Technologies,
Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communications 147-160.
[26] Hanzo L, Tafazolli R (2007) A survey of QoS routing solutions for
mobile ad hoc networks. Communications Surveys & Tutorials, IEEE
9(2):50-70.
[27] Yu C, Lee B, Youn H Y (2003) Energy-efficient routing protocols for
mobile ad-hoc networks. Wiley J. Wireless Communications and Mobile
Computing Journal 3(8): 959-973.
[28] Ibanez J, Nichols K (1998) Preliminary simulation evaluation of an
assured service. Internet Draft (Work in progress)
www3.tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ibanez-diffserv assured-eval-OO.
[29] IEEE Computer Society (2006), Wireless Medium Access Control
(MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for High-Rate
Wireless. Amendment I: MAC Sublayer IEEE Std 802.15.3b-2005
(Amendment to IEEE Std 802.15.3-2003) 1-146.
[30] IEEE Standards Board (1999) Part II: Wireless LAN Medium Access
Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications. The Institute
of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
www.csse.uwa.edu.au/adhocnets/802.1l-1999.pdf.
[31] JacquetP, Muhlethaler P, Clausen T, Laouiti A, Qayyum A, Viennot L
(2001) Optimized link state routing protocol for ad hoc networking.
Proc. IEEE Multi Topic Conf. 62-68.
[32] Karn P (1990) MACA - a new channel access method for packet radio.
Proc. ARRLI CRRL Amateur Radio Ninth Computer Networking Conf.
134-140.
[33] Kim D, Min C H, Kim S (2004) On-demand SIR and bandwidthguaranteed
routing with transmit power assignment in ad hoc mobile
networks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 53:1215-1223.
[34] Lee S B, Campbell A T (1998) INSIGNIA: in-band signaling support for
QOS in mobile ad hoc networks. Proc 5th International Workshop on
Mobile Multimedia Communications (MoMuC).
[35] Lin C R (2002) On-demand QoS routing in multi-hop mobile networks.
Proc. IEEE INFOCOM 3:1735-1744.
[36] Lin C R, GerIa M (1997) MACA/PR: an asynchronous multimedia
multihop wireless network. Proc. IEEE INFOCOM. 1:118-125.
[37] Lin C R, Liu J (1999) QoS routing in ad hoc wireless networks. IEEE
Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 17(8):1426-1438.
[38] Lu S, Bharghavan V, Srikant R (1997) Fair scheduling in wireless
packet networks. Proc. ACM SIGCOMM. 27(4):63-74.
[39] Misra A, Banerjee S (2002) MRPC: maximizing network lifetime for
reliable routing in wireless environments. Proc. IEEE Wireless
Communications and Networking Conf.
pages.cs.wisc.edu/~suman/pubs/wcnc02.pdf.
[40] Yu C, Lee B, Youn H Y (2003) Energy-efficient routing protocols for
mobile ad-hoc networks. Wiley J. Wireless Communications and Mobile
Computing Journal 3(8): 959-973.
[41] Nichols K, Jacobson V, Zhang L (1999) A two-bit differentiated services
architecture for the internet. IETF RFC2638.
www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2638.txt.
[42] Nikaein N, Bonnet C, Nikaein N (2001) Hybrid ad hoc routing protocol-
HARP. Proc. Int. Symp. Telecommunications.
[43] Perkins C E (2001) Ad Hoc Networking. Ch. 3, Addison Wesley,
Reading, MA.
[44] Perkins C E, Bragwat P (1994) Highly dynamic destination-sequenced
distance-vector routing (DSDV) for mobile computers. Proc. ACM
SIGCOMM 234-244.
[45] Perkins C E, Royer E M, Das S R (2000) Quality of service for ad hoc
on-demand distance vector routing. IETF Internet Draft (Work in
progress). draft-ietf-manet-aodvqos- 00.txt.
[46] Perkins C E, Royer E M, Das S R, Marina M K (2001) Performance
comparison of two on-demand routing protocols for ad hoc networks.
IEEE Personal Communications Magazine 8:16-28.
[47] Rappaport T S (1996) Wireless Communications - Principles & Practice.
Prentice Hall Communications Engineering and Emerging Technologies
Series, 2nd Edition, ISBN-I 0: 0130422320, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle
River, NJ.
[48] Reddy T B, Karthigeyan I, Manoj B S, Murthy C S R (2006) Quality of
service provisioning in ad hoc wireless networks: a survey of issues and
solutions. Ad Hoc Networks 4:83-124.
[49] Rubin I, Liu Y C (2003) Link stability models for QoS ad hoc routing
algorithms. Proc. 58th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conf. 5:3084-3088.
[50] Zhang B, Mouftah H T (2005) QoS routing for wireless ad hoc
networks: problems, algorithms and protocols. IEEE Communications
Magazine 43: 110-117.
[51] Shah S H, Nahrstedt K (2002) Predictive location-based QoS routing in
mobile ad hoc networks. Proc. IEEE ICC 2002 2:1022-1027.
[52] Sheng M, Li J, Shi Y (2003) Routing protocol with QoS guarantees for
ad-hoc network Electronics Letters 39:143-145.
[53] Shenker S, Partridge C, Guerin R (1997) Specification of guaranteed
quality of service. RFC 2212.
[54] Sivakumar R, Sinha P, Bharghavan V (1999) CEDAR: a core extraction
distributed ad hoc routing algorithm. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in
Communications 17: 1454-1465.
[55] Sobrinho J L, Krishnakumar AS (1999) Quality-of-service in ad hoc
carrier sense multiple access wireless networks. IEEE Journal on Special
Areas in Communications 17(8): 1353-1368.
[56] Stine J, de Veciana G (2004) A paradigm for quality of service in
wireless ad hoc networks using synchronous signaling and node states.
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 22:1301-1321.
[57] Talucci F, Gerla M (1997) MACA-BI (MACA By Invitation): A
wireless MAC protocol for high speed ad hoc networking. Proc. IEEE
ICUPC. 2:913-917.
[58] Zhu C, Corson M S (2002) QoS routing for mobile ad hoc networks.
Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, 958-967.
[59] Vidhyashankar V, Manoj B S, Murthy C S R (2003) Slot allocation
schemes for delay sensitive traffic support in asynchronous wireless
mesh networks. Proc. The International Journal of Computer and
Telecommunications Networking 50(15):2595-2613.
[1] Abdrabou A, Zhuang W (2006) A position-based QoS routing scheme
for UWB mobile ad hoc networks. IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.
24:850-856.
[2] Ahn G S, Campbell A T, Lee S B, Zhang X (1999) INSIGNIA. Internet
Draft. comet. columbia.edujinsigniajdraft-ietf-manet-insignia-01.txt
Accessed 18 March 2008.
[3] Ahn G S, Campbell A T, Veres A, Sun L H (2002) Supporting service
differentiation for real-time and best effort traffic in stateless Wireless
Ad Hoc Networks (SWAN), IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 1
(3): 192-207.
[4] Badis H, Agha K A (2005) QOLSR: QoS routing for ad hoc wireless
networks using OLSR. Wiley European Transactions on
Telecommunications 15(4):427--442.
[5] Barolli L, Koyama A, Shiratori N (2003) A QoS routing method for adhoc
networks based on genetic algorithm. Proc. 14th Int. Wksp.
Database and Expert Systems Applications 175-179.
[6] Bharghavan V, Demers A, Shenker S, Zhang L (1994) MACAW: A
media access protocol for wireless LANs. Proc. ACM SIGCOMM 212-
225.
[7] Blake S, Black D, Carlson M, Davies E, Wang Z, Weiss W (1998) An
architecture for differentiated services. IETF RFC2475.
www.ietf.orgjrfcjrfc2475.txt.
[8] Bluetooth SIG (2001) Specification of the Bluetooth System - Version
1.1 B.
[9] Braden R, Clark D, Shenker S (1994) Integrated services in the internet
architecture - an Overview. IETF RFC1633.
www.ietf.orgjrfcjrfcl633.txt.
[10] Braden R, Zhang L, Berson S, Herzog S, Jamin S (1997) Resource
reSerVation Protocol (RSVP) - Version I Functional Specification. RFC
2205. www.ietf.orgjrfcjrfc2205.txt.
[11] Brach J, Maltz D A, Johnson D B, Hu Y C, Jetcheva J (1998) A
performance comparison of multi-hop wireless ad hoc network routing
protocols. Proc. 4th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on
Mobile Computing and Networking 85-97.
[12] Vivek V, Sandeep T, Manoj B S, Murthy C S R (2004) A novel out-ofband
signaling mechanism for enhanced real time support in tactical ad
hoc wireless networks. Proc. IEEE RTAS 56-63.
[13] Chang J H, Tassiulas L (2000) Energy-conserving routing in wireless
ad-hoc networks. Proc. IEEE INFO COM 1:22-31.
[14] Wang M, Kuo G S (2005) An application-aware QoS routing scheme
with improved stability for multimedia applications in mobile ad hoc
networks. Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conf. 1901-1905.
[15] Chen T W, Tsai J T, Gerta M (1997) QoS routing performance in
multihop, multimedia, wireless networks. Proc. IEEE 6th Int. Conf.
Universal Personal Communications 2:557-561.
[16] Chen Y, Tseng Y, Sheu J, Kuo P (2002) On-demand, linkstate, multipath
QoS routing in a wireless mobile ad-hoc network. Proc. European
Wireless 135-141.
[17] Chua K C, Xiao H, Seah K G (2003) Relative service differentiation for
mobile ad hoc networks. Proc. IEEE Wireless Communications and
Networking Conference (WCNC) 2:1379-1384.
[18] Wroclawski J (1997) Specification of the controlled-load network
element service. RFC 2211. www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2211.txt.
[19] De S, Das S K, Wu H, Qiao C (2002) Trigger-based distributed QoS
routing in mobile ad hoc networks. ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile
Computing and Communications Review 6(3):22-35.
[20] Xiao H, Seah W K G, Chua K C (2000) A flexible quality of service
model for mobile ad hoc networks. Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology
Conference (VTC) 1:445-449.
[21] Dharmaraju D, Chowdhury A R, Hovareshti P, Baras J S (2002) INORA
- A unified signalling and routing mechanism for QoS support in mobile
ad hoc networks. Proc. ICPPW 86-93.
[22] Doshi S, Bhandare S, Brown T (2002) An on-demand minimum energy
routing protocol for a wireless ad-hoc network. Mobile Computing and
Communications Review 6(2):50-66.
[23] Fan Z (2004) QoS routing using lower layer information in ad hoc
networks. Proc. Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications
Conf., 135-139.
[24] Gerharz M, de Waal C, Frank M, James P (2003) A practical view on
quality-of-service support in wireless ad hoc networks. Proc. IEEE
Workshop on Applications and Services in Wireless Networks (ASWN),
citeseer.ist.psu.edu/jgerharz03practica1.html.
[25] Gupta P, McKeown N (1999) Packet classification on multiple fields.
Proc. ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Applications, Technologies,
Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communications 147-160.
[26] Hanzo L, Tafazolli R (2007) A survey of QoS routing solutions for
mobile ad hoc networks. Communications Surveys & Tutorials, IEEE
9(2):50-70.
[27] Yu C, Lee B, Youn H Y (2003) Energy-efficient routing protocols for
mobile ad-hoc networks. Wiley J. Wireless Communications and Mobile
Computing Journal 3(8): 959-973.
[28] Ibanez J, Nichols K (1998) Preliminary simulation evaluation of an
assured service. Internet Draft (Work in progress)
www3.tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ibanez-diffserv assured-eval-OO.
[29] IEEE Computer Society (2006), Wireless Medium Access Control
(MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for High-Rate
Wireless. Amendment I: MAC Sublayer IEEE Std 802.15.3b-2005
(Amendment to IEEE Std 802.15.3-2003) 1-146.
[30] IEEE Standards Board (1999) Part II: Wireless LAN Medium Access
Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications. The Institute
of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
www.csse.uwa.edu.au/adhocnets/802.1l-1999.pdf.
[31] JacquetP, Muhlethaler P, Clausen T, Laouiti A, Qayyum A, Viennot L
(2001) Optimized link state routing protocol for ad hoc networking.
Proc. IEEE Multi Topic Conf. 62-68.
[32] Karn P (1990) MACA - a new channel access method for packet radio.
Proc. ARRLI CRRL Amateur Radio Ninth Computer Networking Conf.
134-140.
[33] Kim D, Min C H, Kim S (2004) On-demand SIR and bandwidthguaranteed
routing with transmit power assignment in ad hoc mobile
networks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 53:1215-1223.
[34] Lee S B, Campbell A T (1998) INSIGNIA: in-band signaling support for
QOS in mobile ad hoc networks. Proc 5th International Workshop on
Mobile Multimedia Communications (MoMuC).
[35] Lin C R (2002) On-demand QoS routing in multi-hop mobile networks.
Proc. IEEE INFOCOM 3:1735-1744.
[36] Lin C R, GerIa M (1997) MACA/PR: an asynchronous multimedia
multihop wireless network. Proc. IEEE INFOCOM. 1:118-125.
[37] Lin C R, Liu J (1999) QoS routing in ad hoc wireless networks. IEEE
Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 17(8):1426-1438.
[38] Lu S, Bharghavan V, Srikant R (1997) Fair scheduling in wireless
packet networks. Proc. ACM SIGCOMM. 27(4):63-74.
[39] Misra A, Banerjee S (2002) MRPC: maximizing network lifetime for
reliable routing in wireless environments. Proc. IEEE Wireless
Communications and Networking Conf.
pages.cs.wisc.edu/~suman/pubs/wcnc02.pdf.
[40] Yu C, Lee B, Youn H Y (2003) Energy-efficient routing protocols for
mobile ad-hoc networks. Wiley J. Wireless Communications and Mobile
Computing Journal 3(8): 959-973.
[41] Nichols K, Jacobson V, Zhang L (1999) A two-bit differentiated services
architecture for the internet. IETF RFC2638.
www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2638.txt.
[42] Nikaein N, Bonnet C, Nikaein N (2001) Hybrid ad hoc routing protocol-
HARP. Proc. Int. Symp. Telecommunications.
[43] Perkins C E (2001) Ad Hoc Networking. Ch. 3, Addison Wesley,
Reading, MA.
[44] Perkins C E, Bragwat P (1994) Highly dynamic destination-sequenced
distance-vector routing (DSDV) for mobile computers. Proc. ACM
SIGCOMM 234-244.
[45] Perkins C E, Royer E M, Das S R (2000) Quality of service for ad hoc
on-demand distance vector routing. IETF Internet Draft (Work in
progress). draft-ietf-manet-aodvqos- 00.txt.
[46] Perkins C E, Royer E M, Das S R, Marina M K (2001) Performance
comparison of two on-demand routing protocols for ad hoc networks.
IEEE Personal Communications Magazine 8:16-28.
[47] Rappaport T S (1996) Wireless Communications - Principles & Practice.
Prentice Hall Communications Engineering and Emerging Technologies
Series, 2nd Edition, ISBN-I 0: 0130422320, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle
River, NJ.
[48] Reddy T B, Karthigeyan I, Manoj B S, Murthy C S R (2006) Quality of
service provisioning in ad hoc wireless networks: a survey of issues and
solutions. Ad Hoc Networks 4:83-124.
[49] Rubin I, Liu Y C (2003) Link stability models for QoS ad hoc routing
algorithms. Proc. 58th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conf. 5:3084-3088.
[50] Zhang B, Mouftah H T (2005) QoS routing for wireless ad hoc
networks: problems, algorithms and protocols. IEEE Communications
Magazine 43: 110-117.
[51] Shah S H, Nahrstedt K (2002) Predictive location-based QoS routing in
mobile ad hoc networks. Proc. IEEE ICC 2002 2:1022-1027.
[52] Sheng M, Li J, Shi Y (2003) Routing protocol with QoS guarantees for
ad-hoc network Electronics Letters 39:143-145.
[53] Shenker S, Partridge C, Guerin R (1997) Specification of guaranteed
quality of service. RFC 2212.
[54] Sivakumar R, Sinha P, Bharghavan V (1999) CEDAR: a core extraction
distributed ad hoc routing algorithm. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in
Communications 17: 1454-1465.
[55] Sobrinho J L, Krishnakumar AS (1999) Quality-of-service in ad hoc
carrier sense multiple access wireless networks. IEEE Journal on Special
Areas in Communications 17(8): 1353-1368.
[56] Stine J, de Veciana G (2004) A paradigm for quality of service in
wireless ad hoc networks using synchronous signaling and node states.
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 22:1301-1321.
[57] Talucci F, Gerla M (1997) MACA-BI (MACA By Invitation): A
wireless MAC protocol for high speed ad hoc networking. Proc. IEEE
ICUPC. 2:913-917.
[58] Zhu C, Corson M S (2002) QoS routing for mobile ad hoc networks.
Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, 958-967.
[59] Vidhyashankar V, Manoj B S, Murthy C S R (2003) Slot allocation
schemes for delay sensitive traffic support in asynchronous wireless
mesh networks. Proc. The International Journal of Computer and
Telecommunications Networking 50(15):2595-2613.
@article{"International Journal of Information, Control and Computer Sciences:51520", author = "Javed Parvez and Mushtaq Ahmad Peer", title = "A Comparative Analysis of Performance and QoS Issues in MANETs", abstract = "Mobile Ad hoc networks (MANETs) are collections
of wireless mobile nodes dynamically reconfiguring and collectively
forming a temporary network. These types of networks assume
existence of no fixed infrastructure and are often useful in battle-field
tactical operations or emergency search-and-rescue type of
operations where fixed infrastructure is neither feasible nor practical.
They also find use in ad hoc conferences, campus networks and
commercial recreational applications carrying multimedia traffic. All
of the above applications of MANETs require guaranteed levels of
performance as experienced by the end-user. This paper focuses on
key challenges in provisioning predetermined levels of such Quality
of Service (QoS). It also identifies functional areas where QoS
models are currently defined and used. Evolving functional areas
where performance and QoS provisioning may be applied are also
identified and some suggestions are provided for further research in
this area. Although each of the above functional areas have been
discussed separately in recent research studies, since these QoS
functional areas are highly correlated and interdependent, a
comprehensive and comparative analysis of these areas and their
interrelationships is desired. In this paper we have attempted to
provide such an overview.", keywords = "Bandwidth Reservation, Congestion, DynamicNetwork Topology, End-to-End Delay, Flexible QoS Model forMANET(FQMM), Hidden Terminal, Mobile AdhocNetwork(MANET), Packet Jitter, Queuing, Quality-of-Service(QoS), Relative Bandwidth Service Differentiation(RBSD),Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP).", volume = "4", number = "12", pages = "1823-12", }
