Two-dimensional (2D) bar codes were designed to
carry significantly more data with higher information density and
robustness than its 1D counterpart. Thanks to the popular
combination of cameras and mobile phones, it will naturally bring
great commercial value to use the camera phone for 2D bar code
reading. This paper addresses the problem of specific 2D bar code
design for mobile phones and introduces a low-level encoding
method of matrix codes. At the same time, we propose an efficient
scheme for 2D bar codes decoding, of which the effort is put on
solutions of the difficulties introduced by low image quality that is
very common in bar code images taken by a phone camera.
[1] Theo Pavlidis, et al., "Information encoding with two-dimensional bar
codes", IEEE COMPUTER, v25, n6, pp. 18-28, 1992.
[2] H. Kato, et al., "2D barcodes for mobile phones", IEE Mobility
Conference, 2005.
[3] http://www.bmva.ac.uk/bmvc/2002/papers/60/full_60.pdf
[4] Oleg Beletski, et al., "Requirements of visual code", technical report,
Nokia Research Center, 2004.
[5] E. Ouaviani, et al., "A common image processing framework for 2D
barcode reading", IEE conference on IPIA, pp. 652-655, 1999.
[6] N. Normand, et al., "A two-dimensional bar code reader", ICPR, v3, pp.
201-203, 1994.
[7] E. Joseph and T. Pavlidis, "Bar code waveform recognition using peak
locations", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, v16, n6, pp. 630-640, 1994.
[8] E. Joseph and T. Pavlidis, "Deblurring of Bilevel Waveforms", IEEE
Trans. on Image Processing, v2, n2, pp. 223-235, 1993.
[9] Stephen J. Shellhammer, et al., "Novel signal-processing techniques in
barcode scanning", IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine, v6, n1, pp.
57-65, 1999.
[10] W. Turin and R. A. Boie, "Minimum discrimination information bar
code decoding" , 19th convention of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers in Israel, pp. 255-258, 1996.
[11] W. Turin and R. A. Boie, "Bar code recovery via EM algorithm", IEEE
Trans. on PAMI, v46, n2, pp. 354-363, 1998.
[12] K.Q. Wang, et al., "Barcode reading from images captured by camera
phones", IEE Mobility Conference, 2005.
[13] Theo Pavlidis, et al., "Fundamentals of bar code information theory",
IEEE COMPUTER, v23, n4, pp. 74-86, 1990.
[14] R. Muniz, et al., "A robust software barcode reader using the Hough
transform", ICIIS, pp.313-319, 1999.
[15] E. Joseph, et al., "Waveform recognition with application to bar codes",
ICSMC, v1, pp. 129-134, 1991.
[16] A.K. Jain, "Bar code localization using texture analysis", ICDAR, pp.
41-44, 1993.
[17] S. ANDO, et al., "Automatic visual searching and reading of barcodes in
3-D scene", IVEC, pp. 49-54, 2001.
[18] Mejdi Trimeche, "Out of focus analysis & correction for document
images", technical report of Nokia Research Center, 2003.
[1] Theo Pavlidis, et al., "Information encoding with two-dimensional bar
codes", IEEE COMPUTER, v25, n6, pp. 18-28, 1992.
[2] H. Kato, et al., "2D barcodes for mobile phones", IEE Mobility
Conference, 2005.
[3] http://www.bmva.ac.uk/bmvc/2002/papers/60/full_60.pdf
[4] Oleg Beletski, et al., "Requirements of visual code", technical report,
Nokia Research Center, 2004.
[5] E. Ouaviani, et al., "A common image processing framework for 2D
barcode reading", IEE conference on IPIA, pp. 652-655, 1999.
[6] N. Normand, et al., "A two-dimensional bar code reader", ICPR, v3, pp.
201-203, 1994.
[7] E. Joseph and T. Pavlidis, "Bar code waveform recognition using peak
locations", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, v16, n6, pp. 630-640, 1994.
[8] E. Joseph and T. Pavlidis, "Deblurring of Bilevel Waveforms", IEEE
Trans. on Image Processing, v2, n2, pp. 223-235, 1993.
[9] Stephen J. Shellhammer, et al., "Novel signal-processing techniques in
barcode scanning", IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine, v6, n1, pp.
57-65, 1999.
[10] W. Turin and R. A. Boie, "Minimum discrimination information bar
code decoding" , 19th convention of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers in Israel, pp. 255-258, 1996.
[11] W. Turin and R. A. Boie, "Bar code recovery via EM algorithm", IEEE
Trans. on PAMI, v46, n2, pp. 354-363, 1998.
[12] K.Q. Wang, et al., "Barcode reading from images captured by camera
phones", IEE Mobility Conference, 2005.
[13] Theo Pavlidis, et al., "Fundamentals of bar code information theory",
IEEE COMPUTER, v23, n4, pp. 74-86, 1990.
[14] R. Muniz, et al., "A robust software barcode reader using the Hough
transform", ICIIS, pp.313-319, 1999.
[15] E. Joseph, et al., "Waveform recognition with application to bar codes",
ICSMC, v1, pp. 129-134, 1991.
[16] A.K. Jain, "Bar code localization using texture analysis", ICDAR, pp.
41-44, 1993.
[17] S. ANDO, et al., "Automatic visual searching and reading of barcodes in
3-D scene", IVEC, pp. 49-54, 2001.
[18] Mejdi Trimeche, "Out of focus analysis & correction for document
images", technical report of Nokia Research Center, 2003.
@article{"International Journal of Information, Control and Computer Sciences:54294", author = "Hao Wang and Yanming Zou", title = "2D Bar Codes Reading: Solutions for Camera Phones", abstract = "Two-dimensional (2D) bar codes were designed to
carry significantly more data with higher information density and
robustness than its 1D counterpart. Thanks to the popular
combination of cameras and mobile phones, it will naturally bring
great commercial value to use the camera phone for 2D bar code
reading. This paper addresses the problem of specific 2D bar code
design for mobile phones and introduces a low-level encoding
method of matrix codes. At the same time, we propose an efficient
scheme for 2D bar codes decoding, of which the effort is put on
solutions of the difficulties introduced by low image quality that is
very common in bar code images taken by a phone camera.", keywords = "2D bar code reading, camera phone, low-level
encoding, mixed model", volume = "1", number = "6", pages = "1617-7", }