Optimization of NaOH Thermo-Chemical Pretreatment to Enhance Solubilisation of Organic Food Waste by Response Surface Methodology
This study investigates the influence of low
temperature thermo-chemical pretreatment of organic food waste on
performance of COD solubilisation. Both temperature and alkaline
agent were reported to have effect on solubilizing any possible
biomass including organic food waste. The three independent
variables considered in this pretreatment were temperature (50-90oC),
pretreatment time (30-120 minutes) and alkaline concentration,
sodium hydroxide, NaOH (0.7-15 g/L). The maximal condition
obtained were 90oC, 15 g/L NaOH for 2 hours. Solubilisation has
potential in enhancing methane production by providing high amount
of soluble components at early stage during anaerobic digestion.
[1] S. Verma, “Anaerobic digestion of biodegradable organics in municipal
solid wastes” (Doctoral dissertation, Columbia University), 2002.
[2] K. Ziemiński, and M. Frąc, “Methane fermentation process as anaerobic
digestion of biomass: Transformations, stages and microorganisms”
African Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 11, no. 18, 2014, pp. 4127-4139.
[3] S. Youngsukkasem, S. K. Rakshit, and M. J. Taherzadeh, “Biogas
production by encapsulated methane-producing bacteria” Bioresources,
vol. 7, no. 1, 2011, pp. 56-65.
[4] A. R. Tembhurkar, and V. A. Mhaisalkar, “Studies on hydrolysis and
acidogenesis of kitchen waste in two phase anaerobic digestion” Journal
of the Institution of Public Health Engineers, vol. 2, 2007, pp. 10-18.
[5] L. Arsova, “Anaerobic digestion of food waste: Current status, problems
and an alternative product” (Doctoral dissertation, Columbia
University), 2010.
[6] C. Jayashree, G. Janshi, I. T. Yeom, S. A. Kumar and J. R. Banu, “Effect
of low temperature thermo-chemical pretreatment of dairy waste
activated sludge on the performance of microbial fuel cell” International
Journal of Electrochemical Science, vol. 9, 2014, pp. 5732-5742.
[7] M. L. Torres and M. D. C. Espinosa Lloréns, “Effect of alkaline
pretreatment on anaerobic digestion of solid waste” Waste Management,
vol. 28, no. 11, 2008, pp. 2229-2234.
[8] J. Marin, K. J. Kennedy, and C. Eskicioglu, “Effect of microwave
irradiation on anaerobic degradability of model kitchen waste” Waste
Management, vol. 30, no. 10, 2010, pp. 1772-1779.
[9] A. I. Vavouraki, E. M. Angelis, and M. Kornaros, “Optimization of
thermo-chemical hydrolysis of kitchen wastes” Waste Management, vol.
33, no. 3, 2013, pp. 740-745.
[10] Y. Jin, Z. Hu, and Z. Wen, “Enhancing anaerobic digestibility and
phosphorus recovery of dairy manure through microwave-based
thermochemical pretreatment” Water research, vol. 43, no. 14, 2009, pp.
3493-3502.
[11] L. F. Güelfo, C. Álvarez-Gallego, D. Sales, and L. I. Romero, “The use
of thermochemical and biological pretreatments to enhance organic
matter hydrolysis and solubilization from organic fraction of municipal
solid waste (OFMSW)” Chemical Engineering Journal, vo. 168, no. 1,
2011, pp. 249-254.
[12] S. Hosseini, H. Aziz, C. Syafalni, and M. Kiamahalleh, “Optimization of
NaOH thermo-chemical pre-treatment for enhancing solubilisation of
rice straw by Response Surface Methodology” In 11th edition of the
World Wide Workshop for Young Environmental Scientists (WWW-YES-
2011)-Urban Waters: resource or risks?, no. 15, July 2011.
[13] A. G. Costa, G. C. Pinheiro, F. G. C. Pinheiro, A. B. Dos Santos, S. T.
Santaella, and R. C. Leitão, “The use of thermochemical pretreatments
to improve the anaerobic biodegradability and biochemical methane
potential of the sugarcane bagasse” Chemical Engineering Journal, vol.
248, 2014, pp. 363-372.
[14] G. Jard, C. Dumas, J. P. Delgenes, H. Marfaing, B. Sialve, J. P. Steyer,
and H. Carrère, “Effect of thermochemical pretreatment on the
solubilization and anaerobic biodegradability of the red macroalga
Palmaria palmate” Biochemical Engineering Journal, vol. 79, 2013, pp.
253-258.
[15] L. Mendez, A. Mahdy, R. A. Timmers, M. Ballesteros, and C. González-
Fernández, “Enhancing methane production of Chlorella vulgaris via
thermochemical pretreatments” Bioresource technology, vol. 149, 2013,
pp. 136-141.
[16] R. Uma Rani, S. A. Kumar, S. Kaliappan, I. T. Yeom, and J. R. Banu,
“Low temperature thermo-chemical pretreatment of dairy waste
activated sludge for anaerobic digestion process” Bioresource
Technology, vol. 103, no. 1, 2012, pp. 415-424.
[17] C. Li, P. Champagne, and B. C. Anderson, “Effects of ultrasonic and
thermo-chemical pre-treatments on methane production from fat, oil and
grease (FOG) and synthetic kitchen waste (KW) in anaerobic codigestion”
Bioresource technology, vol. 130, 2013, pp. 187-197.
[18] S. Xie, J. P. frost, P. G. Lawlor, G. Wu, and X. Zhan, “Effects of
thermo-chemical pre-treatment of grass silage on methane production by
anaerobic digestion” Bioresource Technology, vol. 102, no. 19, 2011,
pp. 8748-8744.
[19] H. Yi, Y. Han, and Y. Zhuo, “Effect of combined pretreatment of waste
activated sludge for anaerobic digestion process” Procedia
Environmental Sciences, vol. 18, 2013, pp. 716-721.
[20] L. F. Güelfo, C. Álvarez-Gallego, D. S. Márquez, and L. R. García, “The
effect of different pretreatments on biomethanation kinetics of industrial
Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes (OFMSW)” Chemical
engineering journal, vol. 171, no. 2, 2011, pp. 411-417.
[21] H. Carrère, B. Sialve, and N. Bernet, “Improving pig manure conversion
into biogas by thermal and thermo-chemical pretreatments” Bioresource
Technology, vol. 100, no. 15, 2009, 3690-3694.
[22] J. Kim, Y. Yu, and C. Lee, “Thermo-alkaline pretreatment of waste
activated sludge at low-temperatures: Effects on sludge disintegration,
methane production, and methanogen community structure” Bioresource
Technology, vol. 144, 2013, pp. 194-201.
[23] J. Xu, H. Yuan, J. Lin, and W. Yuan, “Evaluation of thermal, thermalalkaline,
alkaline and electrochemical pretreatments on sludge to
enhance anaerobic biogas production” Journal of the Taiwan Institute of
Chemical Engineers, vol. 45, no. 5, 2014, pp. 2531-2536.
[24] Y. Gu, Y. Zhang, and X. Zhou, “Effect of Ca(OH)2 pretreatment on
extruded rice straw anaerobic digestion” Bioresource Technology, vol.
196, pp. 116-122. [25] W. T. Chen, J. Ma, Y. Zhang, C. Gai, and W. Qian, “Physical
pretreatments of wastewater algae to reduce ash content and improve
thermal decomposition characteristics” Bioresource Technology, vol.
169, 2014, pp.816-820.
[26] V. Czitrom, “One-factor-at-a-time versus designed experiments” The
American Statistician, vol. 53, no. 2, May 1999, pp. 126-131.
[27] K. C. Moo, “R2” in Salkind N. J. ‘Encyclopedia of research design’. pub
date: 2010 | online pub date: August 03, 2010 | doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412961288 | Print isbn: 9781412961271 |
online isbn: 9781412961288 | publisher: SAGE publications, Inc.
[28] S. Mannan, A. Fakhru’l-Razi, M. Z. Alam, “Optimization of process
parameters for the bioconversion of activated sludge by Penicilium
corylophilum, using response surface methodology” Journal of
Environmental Sciences, vol. 19, no. 1, 2007, pp. 23-28.
[29] L. M. L. González, H. Vervaeren, I. P. Reyes, A. Dumoulin, O. R.
Romero, and J. Dewulf, “Thermo-chemical pre-treatment to solubilize
and improve anaerobic biodegradability of press mud” Bioresource
technology, vol. 131, 2013, pp. 250-257.
[30] I. Ferrer, S. Ponsá, F. Vázquez, and X. Font, “Increasing biogas
production by thermal (70 oC) sludge pre-treatment prior to thermophilic
anaerobic digestion” Biochemical Engineering Journal, vol. 42, 2008,
pp. 186-192.
[31] J. C. Costa, S. G. Barbosa, M. M. Alves, and D. Z. Sousa,
“Thermochemical pre-and biological co-treatments to improve
hydrolysis and methane production from poultry litter” Bioresource
Technology, vol. 111, pp. 141-147.
[32] E. Elbeshbishy, and G. Nakhla, “Batch anaerobic co-digestion of
proteins and carbohydrates” Bioresource technology, vol. 116, 2012, pp.
170-178.
[33] R. Rafique, T. G. Poulsen, A. S. Nizami, J. D. Murphy, and G. Kiely,
“Effect of thermal, chemical and thermo-chemical pre-treatments to
enhance methane production” Energy, vol. 35, no. 12, 2010, pp. 4556-
4561.
[34] P. J. Strong, and D. J. Gapes, “Thermal and thermo-chemical pretreatment
of four waste residues and the effect on acetic acid production
and methane synthesis” Waste Management, vol. 32, no. 9, 2012, pp.
1669-1677.
[1] S. Verma, “Anaerobic digestion of biodegradable organics in municipal
solid wastes” (Doctoral dissertation, Columbia University), 2002.
[2] K. Ziemiński, and M. Frąc, “Methane fermentation process as anaerobic
digestion of biomass: Transformations, stages and microorganisms”
African Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 11, no. 18, 2014, pp. 4127-4139.
[3] S. Youngsukkasem, S. K. Rakshit, and M. J. Taherzadeh, “Biogas
production by encapsulated methane-producing bacteria” Bioresources,
vol. 7, no. 1, 2011, pp. 56-65.
[4] A. R. Tembhurkar, and V. A. Mhaisalkar, “Studies on hydrolysis and
acidogenesis of kitchen waste in two phase anaerobic digestion” Journal
of the Institution of Public Health Engineers, vol. 2, 2007, pp. 10-18.
[5] L. Arsova, “Anaerobic digestion of food waste: Current status, problems
and an alternative product” (Doctoral dissertation, Columbia
University), 2010.
[6] C. Jayashree, G. Janshi, I. T. Yeom, S. A. Kumar and J. R. Banu, “Effect
of low temperature thermo-chemical pretreatment of dairy waste
activated sludge on the performance of microbial fuel cell” International
Journal of Electrochemical Science, vol. 9, 2014, pp. 5732-5742.
[7] M. L. Torres and M. D. C. Espinosa Lloréns, “Effect of alkaline
pretreatment on anaerobic digestion of solid waste” Waste Management,
vol. 28, no. 11, 2008, pp. 2229-2234.
[8] J. Marin, K. J. Kennedy, and C. Eskicioglu, “Effect of microwave
irradiation on anaerobic degradability of model kitchen waste” Waste
Management, vol. 30, no. 10, 2010, pp. 1772-1779.
[9] A. I. Vavouraki, E. M. Angelis, and M. Kornaros, “Optimization of
thermo-chemical hydrolysis of kitchen wastes” Waste Management, vol.
33, no. 3, 2013, pp. 740-745.
[10] Y. Jin, Z. Hu, and Z. Wen, “Enhancing anaerobic digestibility and
phosphorus recovery of dairy manure through microwave-based
thermochemical pretreatment” Water research, vol. 43, no. 14, 2009, pp.
3493-3502.
[11] L. F. Güelfo, C. Álvarez-Gallego, D. Sales, and L. I. Romero, “The use
of thermochemical and biological pretreatments to enhance organic
matter hydrolysis and solubilization from organic fraction of municipal
solid waste (OFMSW)” Chemical Engineering Journal, vo. 168, no. 1,
2011, pp. 249-254.
[12] S. Hosseini, H. Aziz, C. Syafalni, and M. Kiamahalleh, “Optimization of
NaOH thermo-chemical pre-treatment for enhancing solubilisation of
rice straw by Response Surface Methodology” In 11th edition of the
World Wide Workshop for Young Environmental Scientists (WWW-YES-
2011)-Urban Waters: resource or risks?, no. 15, July 2011.
[13] A. G. Costa, G. C. Pinheiro, F. G. C. Pinheiro, A. B. Dos Santos, S. T.
Santaella, and R. C. Leitão, “The use of thermochemical pretreatments
to improve the anaerobic biodegradability and biochemical methane
potential of the sugarcane bagasse” Chemical Engineering Journal, vol.
248, 2014, pp. 363-372.
[14] G. Jard, C. Dumas, J. P. Delgenes, H. Marfaing, B. Sialve, J. P. Steyer,
and H. Carrère, “Effect of thermochemical pretreatment on the
solubilization and anaerobic biodegradability of the red macroalga
Palmaria palmate” Biochemical Engineering Journal, vol. 79, 2013, pp.
253-258.
[15] L. Mendez, A. Mahdy, R. A. Timmers, M. Ballesteros, and C. González-
Fernández, “Enhancing methane production of Chlorella vulgaris via
thermochemical pretreatments” Bioresource technology, vol. 149, 2013,
pp. 136-141.
[16] R. Uma Rani, S. A. Kumar, S. Kaliappan, I. T. Yeom, and J. R. Banu,
“Low temperature thermo-chemical pretreatment of dairy waste
activated sludge for anaerobic digestion process” Bioresource
Technology, vol. 103, no. 1, 2012, pp. 415-424.
[17] C. Li, P. Champagne, and B. C. Anderson, “Effects of ultrasonic and
thermo-chemical pre-treatments on methane production from fat, oil and
grease (FOG) and synthetic kitchen waste (KW) in anaerobic codigestion”
Bioresource technology, vol. 130, 2013, pp. 187-197.
[18] S. Xie, J. P. frost, P. G. Lawlor, G. Wu, and X. Zhan, “Effects of
thermo-chemical pre-treatment of grass silage on methane production by
anaerobic digestion” Bioresource Technology, vol. 102, no. 19, 2011,
pp. 8748-8744.
[19] H. Yi, Y. Han, and Y. Zhuo, “Effect of combined pretreatment of waste
activated sludge for anaerobic digestion process” Procedia
Environmental Sciences, vol. 18, 2013, pp. 716-721.
[20] L. F. Güelfo, C. Álvarez-Gallego, D. S. Márquez, and L. R. García, “The
effect of different pretreatments on biomethanation kinetics of industrial
Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes (OFMSW)” Chemical
engineering journal, vol. 171, no. 2, 2011, pp. 411-417.
[21] H. Carrère, B. Sialve, and N. Bernet, “Improving pig manure conversion
into biogas by thermal and thermo-chemical pretreatments” Bioresource
Technology, vol. 100, no. 15, 2009, 3690-3694.
[22] J. Kim, Y. Yu, and C. Lee, “Thermo-alkaline pretreatment of waste
activated sludge at low-temperatures: Effects on sludge disintegration,
methane production, and methanogen community structure” Bioresource
Technology, vol. 144, 2013, pp. 194-201.
[23] J. Xu, H. Yuan, J. Lin, and W. Yuan, “Evaluation of thermal, thermalalkaline,
alkaline and electrochemical pretreatments on sludge to
enhance anaerobic biogas production” Journal of the Taiwan Institute of
Chemical Engineers, vol. 45, no. 5, 2014, pp. 2531-2536.
[24] Y. Gu, Y. Zhang, and X. Zhou, “Effect of Ca(OH)2 pretreatment on
extruded rice straw anaerobic digestion” Bioresource Technology, vol.
196, pp. 116-122. [25] W. T. Chen, J. Ma, Y. Zhang, C. Gai, and W. Qian, “Physical
pretreatments of wastewater algae to reduce ash content and improve
thermal decomposition characteristics” Bioresource Technology, vol.
169, 2014, pp.816-820.
[26] V. Czitrom, “One-factor-at-a-time versus designed experiments” The
American Statistician, vol. 53, no. 2, May 1999, pp. 126-131.
[27] K. C. Moo, “R2” in Salkind N. J. ‘Encyclopedia of research design’. pub
date: 2010 | online pub date: August 03, 2010 | doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412961288 | Print isbn: 9781412961271 |
online isbn: 9781412961288 | publisher: SAGE publications, Inc.
[28] S. Mannan, A. Fakhru’l-Razi, M. Z. Alam, “Optimization of process
parameters for the bioconversion of activated sludge by Penicilium
corylophilum, using response surface methodology” Journal of
Environmental Sciences, vol. 19, no. 1, 2007, pp. 23-28.
[29] L. M. L. González, H. Vervaeren, I. P. Reyes, A. Dumoulin, O. R.
Romero, and J. Dewulf, “Thermo-chemical pre-treatment to solubilize
and improve anaerobic biodegradability of press mud” Bioresource
technology, vol. 131, 2013, pp. 250-257.
[30] I. Ferrer, S. Ponsá, F. Vázquez, and X. Font, “Increasing biogas
production by thermal (70 oC) sludge pre-treatment prior to thermophilic
anaerobic digestion” Biochemical Engineering Journal, vol. 42, 2008,
pp. 186-192.
[31] J. C. Costa, S. G. Barbosa, M. M. Alves, and D. Z. Sousa,
“Thermochemical pre-and biological co-treatments to improve
hydrolysis and methane production from poultry litter” Bioresource
Technology, vol. 111, pp. 141-147.
[32] E. Elbeshbishy, and G. Nakhla, “Batch anaerobic co-digestion of
proteins and carbohydrates” Bioresource technology, vol. 116, 2012, pp.
170-178.
[33] R. Rafique, T. G. Poulsen, A. S. Nizami, J. D. Murphy, and G. Kiely,
“Effect of thermal, chemical and thermo-chemical pre-treatments to
enhance methane production” Energy, vol. 35, no. 12, 2010, pp. 4556-
4561.
[34] P. J. Strong, and D. J. Gapes, “Thermal and thermo-chemical pretreatment
of four waste residues and the effect on acetic acid production
and methane synthesis” Waste Management, vol. 32, no. 9, 2012, pp.
1669-1677.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:71514", author = "H. Junoh and K. Palanisamy and C. H. Yip and F. L. Pua", title = "Optimization of NaOH Thermo-Chemical Pretreatment to Enhance Solubilisation of Organic Food Waste by Response Surface Methodology", abstract = "This study investigates the influence of low
temperature thermo-chemical pretreatment of organic food waste on
performance of COD solubilisation. Both temperature and alkaline
agent were reported to have effect on solubilizing any possible
biomass including organic food waste. The three independent
variables considered in this pretreatment were temperature (50-90oC),
pretreatment time (30-120 minutes) and alkaline concentration,
sodium hydroxide, NaOH (0.7-15 g/L). The maximal condition
obtained were 90oC, 15 g/L NaOH for 2 hours. Solubilisation has
potential in enhancing methane production by providing high amount
of soluble components at early stage during anaerobic digestion.
", keywords = "Food waste, pretreatments, respond surface
methodology, ANOVA, anaerobic digestion.", volume = "9", number = "12", pages = "1360-7", }
