Preparation of Nanocrystalline Mesoporous ThO2 via Surfactant Assisted Sol-gel Procedure
In this research, thorium dioxide mesoporous
nanocrystalline powder was synthesized through the sol-gel method
using hydrated thorium nitrate and ammonium hydroxide as starting
materials and Triton X100 as surfactant. ThO2 gel was characterized
by thermogravimetric (TGA), and prepared ThO2 powder was
subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction
(XRD), and Brunauer-Emett-Teller (BET) analyses studies. Detailed
analyses show that prepared powder consisted of phase with the
space group Fm3m of thoria and its crystalline size was 12.6 nm. The
thoria possesses 16.7 m2/g surface area and the pore volume and size
calculated to be 0.0423 cc/g and 1.947 nm, respectively.
[1] R. A. Reibold, J. F. Poco, T. F. Baumann, R. L.Simpson, J. H. Satcher
Jr., “Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline thoria”, Journal of
non-crystalline solids , vol. 341 , pp. 35–39, 2004.
[2] N. Kumar, R.K. Sharma, V.R. Ganatra, S.K. Mukerjee, V.N. Vaidya,
D.D. Sood, “Studies of the preparation of thoria and thoria-urania
microspheres using an internal gelation process ”, Nuclear fuel Cycles,
vol. 96 , pp. 164–177, 1991.
[3] V.N. Vaidya, “Sol-gel process for ceramic nuclear fuels”, BARK
newsletter.
[4] V.N. Vaidya, “Status of sol-gel process for nuclear fuels”, J Sol-Gel Sci.,
vol. 46, pp. 369–381, 2008.
[5] V.G. Balakhonov, V.A. Matyukha, N.P. Saltan, E.A. Fillipov, A.N.
Zhiganov, “Technology of getting of microspheric thorium dioxide”,
Jurnal of physics, vol. 49 , pp. 897–901, 1999.
[6] S.A.H.Feghhi, Z.Gholamzadeh, L.Sotani, C. Tenreiro,“ Comparison of
(Th-233U) O2 and (Th-235U) O2 fuel burn up into a thermal research
reactor using MCNPX2.6 code”, International Journal of Radiation
Research, vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 29-33, 2013.
[7] E. Zimmer, C. Ganguly, “Reprocessing and refabrication of thoriumbased
fuel”, IAEA-TECDOC-412, pp. 89-109, 1987.
[8] M. Kruk, M. Jaroniec, “Gas adsorption characterization of ordered
organic−inorganic nanocomposite materials”, Chem. Mater., vol. 13 ,
pp. 3169–3183, 2001.
[9] A. Monshi, M. R. Foroughi, M. R. Monshi “Modified scherrer equation
to estimate more accurately nano-crystallite size using XRD”, World
Journal of Nano Science and Engineering, vol 2, pp.154-160, 2012.
[10] V. Uche. Don Okpala, “Sol-gel technique: A veritable tool for crystal
growth”, Advances in Applied Science Research, vol. 4, pp.506-510
,2013
[11] A. L. Greer, “Nanostrucuture Materials – from Fundamentals to
Applications”, Mat Sci. Forum, vol. 269-272, pp.3-10, 2013.
[12] A. Inoue, T. Masumoto, “Nanocrystalline alloys produced by
crystallization of amorphous alloys”, Current Topics in Amorphous
Materials: Physics and Technology, pp.177-184, 1993.
[13] D. G. Morris, “What have we learned about nanoscale materials? The
past and future”, Mat Sci. Forum, vol. 268-272, pp.11-14, 1998.
[14] C. Suryanarayana, “Nanocrystalline Materials”, Int. Mat Reviews, vol.
40, No. 2, pp.41-64, 1995.
[1] R. A. Reibold, J. F. Poco, T. F. Baumann, R. L.Simpson, J. H. Satcher
Jr., “Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline thoria”, Journal of
non-crystalline solids , vol. 341 , pp. 35–39, 2004.
[2] N. Kumar, R.K. Sharma, V.R. Ganatra, S.K. Mukerjee, V.N. Vaidya,
D.D. Sood, “Studies of the preparation of thoria and thoria-urania
microspheres using an internal gelation process ”, Nuclear fuel Cycles,
vol. 96 , pp. 164–177, 1991.
[3] V.N. Vaidya, “Sol-gel process for ceramic nuclear fuels”, BARK
newsletter.
[4] V.N. Vaidya, “Status of sol-gel process for nuclear fuels”, J Sol-Gel Sci.,
vol. 46, pp. 369–381, 2008.
[5] V.G. Balakhonov, V.A. Matyukha, N.P. Saltan, E.A. Fillipov, A.N.
Zhiganov, “Technology of getting of microspheric thorium dioxide”,
Jurnal of physics, vol. 49 , pp. 897–901, 1999.
[6] S.A.H.Feghhi, Z.Gholamzadeh, L.Sotani, C. Tenreiro,“ Comparison of
(Th-233U) O2 and (Th-235U) O2 fuel burn up into a thermal research
reactor using MCNPX2.6 code”, International Journal of Radiation
Research, vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 29-33, 2013.
[7] E. Zimmer, C. Ganguly, “Reprocessing and refabrication of thoriumbased
fuel”, IAEA-TECDOC-412, pp. 89-109, 1987.
[8] M. Kruk, M. Jaroniec, “Gas adsorption characterization of ordered
organic−inorganic nanocomposite materials”, Chem. Mater., vol. 13 ,
pp. 3169–3183, 2001.
[9] A. Monshi, M. R. Foroughi, M. R. Monshi “Modified scherrer equation
to estimate more accurately nano-crystallite size using XRD”, World
Journal of Nano Science and Engineering, vol 2, pp.154-160, 2012.
[10] V. Uche. Don Okpala, “Sol-gel technique: A veritable tool for crystal
growth”, Advances in Applied Science Research, vol. 4, pp.506-510
,2013
[11] A. L. Greer, “Nanostrucuture Materials – from Fundamentals to
Applications”, Mat Sci. Forum, vol. 269-272, pp.3-10, 2013.
[12] A. Inoue, T. Masumoto, “Nanocrystalline alloys produced by
crystallization of amorphous alloys”, Current Topics in Amorphous
Materials: Physics and Technology, pp.177-184, 1993.
[13] D. G. Morris, “What have we learned about nanoscale materials? The
past and future”, Mat Sci. Forum, vol. 268-272, pp.11-14, 1998.
[14] C. Suryanarayana, “Nanocrystalline Materials”, Int. Mat Reviews, vol.
40, No. 2, pp.41-64, 1995.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:70802", author = "N. Mohseni and S. Janitabar and S. J. Ahmadi and M. Roshanzamir and M. Thaghizadeh", title = "Preparation of Nanocrystalline Mesoporous ThO2 via Surfactant Assisted Sol-gel Procedure", abstract = "In this research, thorium dioxide mesoporous
nanocrystalline powder was synthesized through the sol-gel method
using hydrated thorium nitrate and ammonium hydroxide as starting
materials and Triton X100 as surfactant. ThO2 gel was characterized
by thermogravimetric (TGA), and prepared ThO2 powder was
subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction
(XRD), and Brunauer-Emett-Teller (BET) analyses studies. Detailed
analyses show that prepared powder consisted of phase with the
space group Fm3m of thoria and its crystalline size was 12.6 nm. The
thoria possesses 16.7 m2/g surface area and the pore volume and size
calculated to be 0.0423 cc/g and 1.947 nm, respectively.", keywords = "Thoria, sol-gel, mesoporous, nanocrystalline.", volume = "9", number = "8", pages = "1026-4", }