Deterministic Method to Assess Kalman Filter Passive Ranging Solution Reliability
For decades, the defense business has been plagued by
not having a reliable, deterministic method to know when the Kalman
filter solution for passive ranging application is reliable for use by the
fighter pilot. This has made it hard to accurately assess when the
ranging solution can be used for situation awareness and weapons
use. To date, we have used ad hoc rules-of-thumb to assess when we
think the estimate of the Kalman filter standard deviation on range is
reliable. A reliable algorithm has been developed at BAE Systems
Electronics & Integrated Solutions that monitors the Kalman gain
matrix elements – and a patent is pending. The “settling" of the gain
matrix elements relates directly to when we can assess the time when
the passive ranging solution is within the 10 percent-of-truth value.
The focus of the paper is on surface-based passive ranging – but the
method is applicable to airborne targets as well.
[1] N. Levanon, "Interferometry against Differential Doppler: Performance
Comparison of Two Emitter Location Airborne Systems," IEE
Proceedings, vol. 136, Pt. F., No 2, April 1989, pp. 70-74.
[2] A. Gelb, "Applied Optimal Estimation," 15th printing, The M.I.T. Press,
1999, pp. 102-155.
[3] H. Van Trees, "Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory - Part I,"
John Wiley & Sons, 1968, pp. 66-73.
[4] S. Nardone, A. Lindgren, and K. Gong, "Fundamental Properties and
Performance of Conventional Bearings-Only Target Motion Analysis,"
IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. AC-29, no. 9, Sept. 1984,
pp. 775-787.
[5] M. Gavish and A. Weiss, "Performance Analysis of Bearing-Only
Target Location Algorithms," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and
Electronic Systems, vol. 28, no.3, July 1992.
[6] S. Koteswara Rao, "Maximum Likelihood and Cramer-Rao Lower
Bound for (Nonlinear) Bearing Only Passive Target Tracking,"
Conference Record of the Thirty-Second Asilomar Conference on
Signals, Systems & Computers, Nov. 1998, vol. 1, pp. 441-444.
[1] N. Levanon, "Interferometry against Differential Doppler: Performance
Comparison of Two Emitter Location Airborne Systems," IEE
Proceedings, vol. 136, Pt. F., No 2, April 1989, pp. 70-74.
[2] A. Gelb, "Applied Optimal Estimation," 15th printing, The M.I.T. Press,
1999, pp. 102-155.
[3] H. Van Trees, "Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory - Part I,"
John Wiley & Sons, 1968, pp. 66-73.
[4] S. Nardone, A. Lindgren, and K. Gong, "Fundamental Properties and
Performance of Conventional Bearings-Only Target Motion Analysis,"
IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. AC-29, no. 9, Sept. 1984,
pp. 775-787.
[5] M. Gavish and A. Weiss, "Performance Analysis of Bearing-Only
Target Location Algorithms," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and
Electronic Systems, vol. 28, no.3, July 1992.
[6] S. Koteswara Rao, "Maximum Likelihood and Cramer-Rao Lower
Bound for (Nonlinear) Bearing Only Passive Target Tracking,"
Conference Record of the Thirty-Second Asilomar Conference on
Signals, Systems & Computers, Nov. 1998, vol. 1, pp. 441-444.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:63424", author = "Ronald M. Yannone", title = "Deterministic Method to Assess Kalman Filter Passive Ranging Solution Reliability", abstract = "For decades, the defense business has been plagued by
not having a reliable, deterministic method to know when the Kalman
filter solution for passive ranging application is reliable for use by the
fighter pilot. This has made it hard to accurately assess when the
ranging solution can be used for situation awareness and weapons
use. To date, we have used ad hoc rules-of-thumb to assess when we
think the estimate of the Kalman filter standard deviation on range is
reliable. A reliable algorithm has been developed at BAE Systems
Electronics & Integrated Solutions that monitors the Kalman gain
matrix elements – and a patent is pending. The “settling" of the gain
matrix elements relates directly to when we can assess the time when
the passive ranging solution is within the 10 percent-of-truth value.
The focus of the paper is on surface-based passive ranging – but the
method is applicable to airborne targets as well.", keywords = "Electronic warfare, extended Kalman filter (EKF),
fighter aircraft, passive ranging, track convergence.", volume = "2", number = "7", pages = "1531-6", }