Performance Evaluation of Complex Electrical Bio-impedance from V/I Four-electrode Measurements
The passive electrical properties of a tissue depends
on the intrinsic constituents and its structure, therefore by measuring
the complex electrical impedance of the tissue it might be possible to
obtain indicators of the tissue state or physiological activity [1].
Complete bio-impedance information relative to physiology and
pathology of a human body and functional states of the body tissue or
organs can be extracted by using a technique containing a fourelectrode
measurement setup. This work presents the estimation
measurement setup based on the four-electrode technique. First, the
complex impedance is estimated by three different estimation
techniques: Fourier, Sine Correlation and Digital De-convolution and
then estimation errors for the magnitude, phase, reactance and
resistance are calculated and analyzed for different levels of
disturbances in the observations. The absolute values of relative
errors are plotted and the graphical performance of each technique is
compared.
[1] "Development of Electrical Bioimpedance Technology in Future"
Proceedings of the 20th Annual Conference of the IEEE Engineering in
Medicine and Biology Society, Vol 20, No 2, 1998.
[2] Sverre Grimnes, Orjan Grottem Martinsen 2000 Bioimpedance and
Bioelectricity Basics (San Diego, CA: Academic)
[3] "Thoracic Electrical Bioimpedance in the Outpatient Setting"
Policy#:MED.00034. Medical Policy. Available:
http://medpolicy.bluecrossca.com/policies/MED/thoracic_bioimpedance
.html
[4] Jaakko Malmivuo & Robert Plonsey, Bioelectromagnetism - Principles
and Applications of Bioelectric and Biomagnetic Fields, Oxford
University Press, New York, 1995. Available:
http://butler.cc.tut.fi/~malmivuo/bem/bembook/
[5] Herman P.Schwan and Kenneth R. Foster "Departmental Papers
(BE)"Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Year
2002.
[6] Sverre Grimnes, Orjan Grottem Martinsen" Bioimpedance--. University
of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Available:
http://www.fys.uio.no/elg/bioimp/pdf/encyc_bme.pdf
[7] Y.Komai, E.yasuno, Y.Kinouchi.K.Izukura, T.Iritani, T.Morinoto and
M.Takeuchi "Estimation of Bioimpedance Distribution in the Local
Tissue Using Divided Electrodes". Seventh International Conference on
Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARV-02), Dec 2002,
Singapore. Available:
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/8741/27684/01234941.pdf?tp=&arnumbe
r=1234941&isnumber=27684
[8] Paul Steendijk, Gerrit Mur, Enno T, Van Der Velde, and Jan Baan "The
Four -Electrode Resistivity technique in Anisotropic Media: Theoretical
Analysis and Application on Myocardial Tissue in Vivo". IEEE
Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 40, NO 11, November
1993. Available:
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/10/6298/00245632.pdf?tp=&arnumber=2
45632&isnumber=6298
[9] J.J.Ackmann and A S Seitz, ÔÇÿ-Methods of complex impedance
measurements in biological tissue,-- CRC Crit Rev. Biom. Eng., vol. 10,
pp. 281-311, 1984.
[10] H.P.Schwan, ÔÇÿ-Determination of biological impedances,-- in Nastuk,
Ed. Physical Techniques in Biological Research, New York, Academic,
1963.
[11] Sverre Grimnes et al 2007 ÔÇÿ- Sources of error in tetrapolar impedance
measurements on biomaterials and other ionic conductors-- J.Phys. D:
Appl. Phys. 40 9-14 doi: 10.1088/0022-3727/40/1/S02. Available:
http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/00223727/40/1/S02
[12] MD. Anisur Rahman and Kai-Bor Yu, member IEEE ÔÇÿ-Total Least
Squares Approach for Frequency Estimation Using Linear Prediction--
IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Vol.
ASSP-35, No. 10, October 1987 Available:
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=1165059
.
[1] "Development of Electrical Bioimpedance Technology in Future"
Proceedings of the 20th Annual Conference of the IEEE Engineering in
Medicine and Biology Society, Vol 20, No 2, 1998.
[2] Sverre Grimnes, Orjan Grottem Martinsen 2000 Bioimpedance and
Bioelectricity Basics (San Diego, CA: Academic)
[3] "Thoracic Electrical Bioimpedance in the Outpatient Setting"
Policy#:MED.00034. Medical Policy. Available:
http://medpolicy.bluecrossca.com/policies/MED/thoracic_bioimpedance
.html
[4] Jaakko Malmivuo & Robert Plonsey, Bioelectromagnetism - Principles
and Applications of Bioelectric and Biomagnetic Fields, Oxford
University Press, New York, 1995. Available:
http://butler.cc.tut.fi/~malmivuo/bem/bembook/
[5] Herman P.Schwan and Kenneth R. Foster "Departmental Papers
(BE)"Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Year
2002.
[6] Sverre Grimnes, Orjan Grottem Martinsen" Bioimpedance--. University
of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Available:
http://www.fys.uio.no/elg/bioimp/pdf/encyc_bme.pdf
[7] Y.Komai, E.yasuno, Y.Kinouchi.K.Izukura, T.Iritani, T.Morinoto and
M.Takeuchi "Estimation of Bioimpedance Distribution in the Local
Tissue Using Divided Electrodes". Seventh International Conference on
Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARV-02), Dec 2002,
Singapore. Available:
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/8741/27684/01234941.pdf?tp=&arnumbe
r=1234941&isnumber=27684
[8] Paul Steendijk, Gerrit Mur, Enno T, Van Der Velde, and Jan Baan "The
Four -Electrode Resistivity technique in Anisotropic Media: Theoretical
Analysis and Application on Myocardial Tissue in Vivo". IEEE
Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 40, NO 11, November
1993. Available:
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/10/6298/00245632.pdf?tp=&arnumber=2
45632&isnumber=6298
[9] J.J.Ackmann and A S Seitz, ÔÇÿ-Methods of complex impedance
measurements in biological tissue,-- CRC Crit Rev. Biom. Eng., vol. 10,
pp. 281-311, 1984.
[10] H.P.Schwan, ÔÇÿ-Determination of biological impedances,-- in Nastuk,
Ed. Physical Techniques in Biological Research, New York, Academic,
1963.
[11] Sverre Grimnes et al 2007 ÔÇÿ- Sources of error in tetrapolar impedance
measurements on biomaterials and other ionic conductors-- J.Phys. D:
Appl. Phys. 40 9-14 doi: 10.1088/0022-3727/40/1/S02. Available:
http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/00223727/40/1/S02
[12] MD. Anisur Rahman and Kai-Bor Yu, member IEEE ÔÇÿ-Total Least
Squares Approach for Frequency Estimation Using Linear Prediction--
IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Vol.
ASSP-35, No. 10, October 1987 Available:
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=1165059
.
@article{"International Journal of Medical, Medicine and Health Sciences:62857", author = "Towfeeq Fairooz and Salim Istyaq", title = "Performance Evaluation of Complex Electrical Bio-impedance from V/I Four-electrode Measurements", abstract = "The passive electrical properties of a tissue depends
on the intrinsic constituents and its structure, therefore by measuring
the complex electrical impedance of the tissue it might be possible to
obtain indicators of the tissue state or physiological activity [1].
Complete bio-impedance information relative to physiology and
pathology of a human body and functional states of the body tissue or
organs can be extracted by using a technique containing a fourelectrode
measurement setup. This work presents the estimation
measurement setup based on the four-electrode technique. First, the
complex impedance is estimated by three different estimation
techniques: Fourier, Sine Correlation and Digital De-convolution and
then estimation errors for the magnitude, phase, reactance and
resistance are calculated and analyzed for different levels of
disturbances in the observations. The absolute values of relative
errors are plotted and the graphical performance of each technique is
compared.", keywords = "Electrical Impedance, Fast Fourier Transform,Additive White Gaussian Noise, Total Least Square, Digital De-Convolution, Sine-Correlation.", volume = "5", number = "9", pages = "452-13", }