Allelopathic Effects of Sisymbrium irio L. and Descurainia sophia (L.) Schur on the Germination of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
An experiment was conducted under controlled
conditions to study the effect of water extract of leaves, shoots and
roots of either Sisymbrium irio L. =SISIR and/or Descurainia
sophia (L.) Schur =DESSO on the germination and primary growth
of wheat. A split-split plot experiment in CRD with three
replications was used. The main plots were the type of weed: i.e.
SISIR and DESSO and the sub-plots were type of organ: i.e. leaf,
stem and root and, the sub-sub plots were concentration of the
water extract of each organ of the weeds: i.e. 0, 2, 4 and 8 % w/v.
The plant materials were cut in 2-3 cm pieces and then were
ground in a blender. The crushed materials were weighed
according to experimental protocol and the final volume was
reached to 100 ml in distilled water in dark bottles. All bottles were
put on a shaker for 24 hours. The solutions were filtered by muslin
cloth. Whatman paper, 9 cm in diameter, were put in petri dishes
and twenty seeds of wheat were put on it and 5 ml distilled water
or water extract of weeds were added to each petri dish. All petri
dishes were put in constant temperature of 15 0C incubator.
The results showed that the SISIR water extract had a greater
inhibitory effects on germination and primary growth of wheat
than those of DESSO water extract. The water extracts of the
leaves of both weeds had the greatest inhibitory effects on
germination and primary growth of wheat, compared to those of
stems and roots. Increasing the concentration of water extract of
leaves, stems and roots of both weeds up to 8 % caused the greatest
inhibitory effects to wheat and reduced the germination rate and
primary growth of it linearly.
[1] M. Olofsdotter, "Getting closer to breeding for competitive ability
and role of allelopathy-an example from rice (Oryza sativa)," Weed
Tech., vol. 15, pp. 798-806, 2001.
[2] Inderjit, M. Olofsdotterand, and J. C. Streibig, "Wheat (Triticum
aestivum) interference with seedling growth of perennial ryegrass
(Lolium perenne): influence of density and age," Weed Tech., vol.
15, pp.807-812,2001.
[3] A. Golisz, B. Lata, S. W. Gawronski and Y. Fujii, "Specific and total
activities of the allelochemicals identified in buckwheat," Weed
Biology and Management, vol. 7, pp. 164-171, 2007.
[4] A. Tanveer, A. Rehman, M. M. Javaid, R. N. Abbas, M. Sibtain, A.
U. Ahmad, M. S. Ibinizamir, K. M. Chaudhary and A. Aziz,
"Allelopathic potential of Euphorbia helioscopia L. against wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and lentil
(Lens culinaris Medic.)," Turk J. Agric, vol. 34, pp. 75-81, 2010.
[5] L. R. Gibson, and M. Liebman, "A laboratory exercise for teaching
plant interference and relative growth rate concepts," Weed Tech.,
vol. 17, pp. 394-402, 2003.
[6] I. Kadioglu, and Y. Yanar, "Allelopathic effects of plant extracts
against seed germination of some weeds," Asian J. of Plant Sci., vol.
3, no.4, pp. 472-475, 2004.
[7] M. Olofsdotter, D. Navarez, M. Rebulanan and J. Cstreibig. 1999.
Weed- suppressing rice cultivars-dose allelopathy play a role?.
Weed Research. 39:441-454.
[8] S. Zuo, Y. Ma and I Shinobu, "Ecological adaptation of weed
biodiversity to the allelopathic rank of the stubble of different wheat
genotypes in a maize field," Weed Biology and Management, vol. 8,
pp. 161-171, 2008.
[9] S. Mandal, "Allelopathic activity of root exudates from leonurus
sibiricus L. (Raktodrone)," Weed Biology and Management, vol. 1,
pp.170-175, 2001.
[10] R. S. Zeng, M. Luo, Y. H. Shi, M. B. Shi and C. Y. TU,
"Physiological and biochemical mechanism of allelopathy of
secalonic acid f on higher plants," Agronomy J., vol. 93, pp. 72-79,
2001.
[11] L. M. Chung, K. H. Kim, A. S. B. Lee, S. H. Kim and S. J.
Hahn, "Comparison of Allelopathic Potential of Rice Leaves,
Straw, and Hull Extracts on Barnyardgrass," Agronomy J., vol. 95,
pp. 1063-1070, 2003.
[12] L. B. Jensen, B. Courtois and M. Olofsdotter. 2008. Quantitative
trait loci analysis of allelopathy in rice. Crop Sci 48:1459-1469
(2008).
[13] M. A. Turk, M. K. Shatnawi and A. M. Tawaha, "Inhibitory effects
of aqueous extracts of black mustard on germination and growth of
alfalfa," Weed Biology and Management, vol. 3, pp. 37-40, 2003.
[14] K. T Yokotani., T. Kato, M. M. Parvez, Y. Mori, N. Goto and K.
Hasegawa, "Approach of allelopathy study with Arabidopsis
thaliana (L.) Hevnh. And Neurospora crassa," Weed Biology and
Management, vol. 3, pp. 93-97, 2003.
[15] Z. Iqbal, H. Nasir, S. Hiradate and Y. Fujii, "Plant growth inhibitory
activity of Lycoris radiate Herb. And the possible involvement of
lycorine as an allelochemical," Weed Biology and Management, vol.
6, pp. 221-227, 2006.
[16] R. P. Viator, R. M. Johnson, C. C. Grimm and E. P. Richard,
"Allelopathic, autotoxic, and hormetic effects of postharvest
sugarcane residue," Agronomy J., vol. 98, pp. 1526-1531, 2006.
[17] R. J. Qasem, "Allelopathic effect of white top (Lepidium draba) on
wheat and barley," Allelopathy J., vol. 1, pp. 29-40, 1994.
[18] R. J. Qasem, "Allelopathic potential of white top and Syrian Sage
on vegetable crop," Agronomy J., vol. 93, pp. 64-71, 2001.
[19] L. A. Weston, "History and current trends in the use of allelopathy
for weed management," Agronomy J., vol. 88, pp. 860-866, 1996.
[20] F. Maighany, J. Khalaghan, M. A. Baghestani and M. Najafpour,
"Allelopathic potential of Trifolium resupinatum L. (Persian clover)
and Trifolium alexandrium L. (Berseem clover)," Weed Biology and
Management, vol. 7, pp. 178-183, 2007.
[1] M. Olofsdotter, "Getting closer to breeding for competitive ability
and role of allelopathy-an example from rice (Oryza sativa)," Weed
Tech., vol. 15, pp. 798-806, 2001.
[2] Inderjit, M. Olofsdotterand, and J. C. Streibig, "Wheat (Triticum
aestivum) interference with seedling growth of perennial ryegrass
(Lolium perenne): influence of density and age," Weed Tech., vol.
15, pp.807-812,2001.
[3] A. Golisz, B. Lata, S. W. Gawronski and Y. Fujii, "Specific and total
activities of the allelochemicals identified in buckwheat," Weed
Biology and Management, vol. 7, pp. 164-171, 2007.
[4] A. Tanveer, A. Rehman, M. M. Javaid, R. N. Abbas, M. Sibtain, A.
U. Ahmad, M. S. Ibinizamir, K. M. Chaudhary and A. Aziz,
"Allelopathic potential of Euphorbia helioscopia L. against wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and lentil
(Lens culinaris Medic.)," Turk J. Agric, vol. 34, pp. 75-81, 2010.
[5] L. R. Gibson, and M. Liebman, "A laboratory exercise for teaching
plant interference and relative growth rate concepts," Weed Tech.,
vol. 17, pp. 394-402, 2003.
[6] I. Kadioglu, and Y. Yanar, "Allelopathic effects of plant extracts
against seed germination of some weeds," Asian J. of Plant Sci., vol.
3, no.4, pp. 472-475, 2004.
[7] M. Olofsdotter, D. Navarez, M. Rebulanan and J. Cstreibig. 1999.
Weed- suppressing rice cultivars-dose allelopathy play a role?.
Weed Research. 39:441-454.
[8] S. Zuo, Y. Ma and I Shinobu, "Ecological adaptation of weed
biodiversity to the allelopathic rank of the stubble of different wheat
genotypes in a maize field," Weed Biology and Management, vol. 8,
pp. 161-171, 2008.
[9] S. Mandal, "Allelopathic activity of root exudates from leonurus
sibiricus L. (Raktodrone)," Weed Biology and Management, vol. 1,
pp.170-175, 2001.
[10] R. S. Zeng, M. Luo, Y. H. Shi, M. B. Shi and C. Y. TU,
"Physiological and biochemical mechanism of allelopathy of
secalonic acid f on higher plants," Agronomy J., vol. 93, pp. 72-79,
2001.
[11] L. M. Chung, K. H. Kim, A. S. B. Lee, S. H. Kim and S. J.
Hahn, "Comparison of Allelopathic Potential of Rice Leaves,
Straw, and Hull Extracts on Barnyardgrass," Agronomy J., vol. 95,
pp. 1063-1070, 2003.
[12] L. B. Jensen, B. Courtois and M. Olofsdotter. 2008. Quantitative
trait loci analysis of allelopathy in rice. Crop Sci 48:1459-1469
(2008).
[13] M. A. Turk, M. K. Shatnawi and A. M. Tawaha, "Inhibitory effects
of aqueous extracts of black mustard on germination and growth of
alfalfa," Weed Biology and Management, vol. 3, pp. 37-40, 2003.
[14] K. T Yokotani., T. Kato, M. M. Parvez, Y. Mori, N. Goto and K.
Hasegawa, "Approach of allelopathy study with Arabidopsis
thaliana (L.) Hevnh. And Neurospora crassa," Weed Biology and
Management, vol. 3, pp. 93-97, 2003.
[15] Z. Iqbal, H. Nasir, S. Hiradate and Y. Fujii, "Plant growth inhibitory
activity of Lycoris radiate Herb. And the possible involvement of
lycorine as an allelochemical," Weed Biology and Management, vol.
6, pp. 221-227, 2006.
[16] R. P. Viator, R. M. Johnson, C. C. Grimm and E. P. Richard,
"Allelopathic, autotoxic, and hormetic effects of postharvest
sugarcane residue," Agronomy J., vol. 98, pp. 1526-1531, 2006.
[17] R. J. Qasem, "Allelopathic effect of white top (Lepidium draba) on
wheat and barley," Allelopathy J., vol. 1, pp. 29-40, 1994.
[18] R. J. Qasem, "Allelopathic potential of white top and Syrian Sage
on vegetable crop," Agronomy J., vol. 93, pp. 64-71, 2001.
[19] L. A. Weston, "History and current trends in the use of allelopathy
for weed management," Agronomy J., vol. 88, pp. 860-866, 1996.
[20] F. Maighany, J. Khalaghan, M. A. Baghestani and M. Najafpour,
"Allelopathic potential of Trifolium resupinatum L. (Persian clover)
and Trifolium alexandrium L. (Berseem clover)," Weed Biology and
Management, vol. 7, pp. 178-183, 2007.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:57249", author = "Sh. Edrisi and A. Farahbakhsh", title = "Allelopathic Effects of Sisymbrium irio L. and Descurainia sophia (L.) Schur on the Germination of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)", abstract = "An experiment was conducted under controlled
conditions to study the effect of water extract of leaves, shoots and
roots of either Sisymbrium irio L. =SISIR and/or Descurainia
sophia (L.) Schur =DESSO on the germination and primary growth
of wheat. A split-split plot experiment in CRD with three
replications was used. The main plots were the type of weed: i.e.
SISIR and DESSO and the sub-plots were type of organ: i.e. leaf,
stem and root and, the sub-sub plots were concentration of the
water extract of each organ of the weeds: i.e. 0, 2, 4 and 8 % w/v.
The plant materials were cut in 2-3 cm pieces and then were
ground in a blender. The crushed materials were weighed
according to experimental protocol and the final volume was
reached to 100 ml in distilled water in dark bottles. All bottles were
put on a shaker for 24 hours. The solutions were filtered by muslin
cloth. Whatman paper, 9 cm in diameter, were put in petri dishes
and twenty seeds of wheat were put on it and 5 ml distilled water
or water extract of weeds were added to each petri dish. All petri
dishes were put in constant temperature of 15 0C incubator.
The results showed that the SISIR water extract had a greater
inhibitory effects on germination and primary growth of wheat
than those of DESSO water extract. The water extracts of the
leaves of both weeds had the greatest inhibitory effects on
germination and primary growth of wheat, compared to those of
stems and roots. Increasing the concentration of water extract of
leaves, stems and roots of both weeds up to 8 % caused the greatest
inhibitory effects to wheat and reduced the germination rate and
primary growth of it linearly.", keywords = "Allelopathy, DESSO, SISIR, wheat", volume = "5", number = "2", pages = "62-3", }