Implementation of the Personal Emergency Response System
The aged are faced with increasing risk for falls. The
aged have the easily fragile bones than others. When falls have
occurred, it is important to detect this emergency state because such
events often lead to more serious illness or even death. A
implementation of PDA system, for detection of emergency situation,
was developed using 3-axis accelerometer in this paper as follows.
The signals were acquired from the 3-axis accelerometer, and then
transmitted to the PDA through Bluetooth module. This system can
classify the human activity, and also detect the emergency state like
falls. When the fall occurs, the system generates the alarm on the
PDA. If a subject does not respond to the alarm, the system determines
whether the current situation is an emergency state or not, and then
sends some information to the emergency center in the case of urgent
situation. Three different studies were conducted on 12 experimental
subjects, with results indicating a good accuracy. The first study was
performed to detect the posture change of human daily activity. The
second study was performed to detect the correct direction of fall. The
third study was conducted to check the classification of the daily
physical activity. Each test was lasted at least 1 min. in third study.
The output of acceleration signal was compared and evaluated by
changing a various posture after attaching a 3-axis accelerometer
module on the chest. The newly developed system has some important
features such as portability, convenience and low cost. One of the
main advantages of this system is that it is available at home
healthcare environment. Another important feature lies in low cost to
manufacture device. The implemented system can detect the fall
accurately, so will be widely used in emergency situation.
[1] Rytömaa I, Meurman JH, Koskinen J, et al. " In vitro erosion of bovine
enamel caused by acidic drinks and other foodstuffs," Scand J Dent Re,
96 , pp. 324-333, 1988.
[2] 9.Johansson AK, Lingström P, Imfeld T, et al. " Influence of drinking
method on tooth-surface pH in relation to dental erosion," Eur J Oral Sci,
112, pp. 484-489, 2004.
[3] Fosdick LS, Campaigne EE, Fancher O ," Rate of acid formation in
carious areas: the etiology of dental caries," Ill Dent J, vol. 10, pp. 85-95,
1941.
[4] 20.Frostell G ," A method for evaluation of acid potentialities of foods,"
Acta Odontol Scand, vol. 28, pp.599-608, 1970.
[5] Kleinberg I, Jenkins GN, Chatterjee R, et al. ,"The antimony pH electrode
and its role in the assessment and interpretation of dental plaque pH," J
Dent Res, vol. 61, pp. 1139-1147, 1982.
[6] Graf H, M├╝hlemann HR ,"Telemetry of plaque pH from interdental
areas," Helv Odontol Acta, vol. 10. pp. 94-101, 1966.
[7] Anderson P, Hector MP, Rampersad MA,"Critical pH in resting and
stimulated whole saliva in groups of children and adults," Int J Paediatr
Dent vol. 11, pp. 266-73, 2001.
[8] Pandolfino JE, Ghosh S, Zhang Q, et al. ,"Slimline vs. glass pH
electrodes: what degree of accuracy should we expect?," Aliment
Pharmacol Ther, vol. 23, pp. 331-340, 2006.
[1] Rytömaa I, Meurman JH, Koskinen J, et al. " In vitro erosion of bovine
enamel caused by acidic drinks and other foodstuffs," Scand J Dent Re,
96 , pp. 324-333, 1988.
[2] 9.Johansson AK, Lingström P, Imfeld T, et al. " Influence of drinking
method on tooth-surface pH in relation to dental erosion," Eur J Oral Sci,
112, pp. 484-489, 2004.
[3] Fosdick LS, Campaigne EE, Fancher O ," Rate of acid formation in
carious areas: the etiology of dental caries," Ill Dent J, vol. 10, pp. 85-95,
1941.
[4] 20.Frostell G ," A method for evaluation of acid potentialities of foods,"
Acta Odontol Scand, vol. 28, pp.599-608, 1970.
[5] Kleinberg I, Jenkins GN, Chatterjee R, et al. ,"The antimony pH electrode
and its role in the assessment and interpretation of dental plaque pH," J
Dent Res, vol. 61, pp. 1139-1147, 1982.
[6] Graf H, M├╝hlemann HR ,"Telemetry of plaque pH from interdental
areas," Helv Odontol Acta, vol. 10. pp. 94-101, 1966.
[7] Anderson P, Hector MP, Rampersad MA,"Critical pH in resting and
stimulated whole saliva in groups of children and adults," Int J Paediatr
Dent vol. 11, pp. 266-73, 2001.
[8] Pandolfino JE, Ghosh S, Zhang Q, et al. ,"Slimline vs. glass pH
electrodes: what degree of accuracy should we expect?," Aliment
Pharmacol Ther, vol. 23, pp. 331-340, 2006.
@article{"International Journal of Medical, Medicine and Health Sciences:52896", author = "Ah-young Jeon and In-cheol Kim and Jae-hee Jung and Soo-young Ye and Jae-hyung Kim and Ki-gon Nam and Seoung-wan
Baik and Jung-hoon Ro and Gye-rok Jeon", title = "Implementation of the Personal Emergency Response System", abstract = "The aged are faced with increasing risk for falls. The
aged have the easily fragile bones than others. When falls have
occurred, it is important to detect this emergency state because such
events often lead to more serious illness or even death. A
implementation of PDA system, for detection of emergency situation,
was developed using 3-axis accelerometer in this paper as follows.
The signals were acquired from the 3-axis accelerometer, and then
transmitted to the PDA through Bluetooth module. This system can
classify the human activity, and also detect the emergency state like
falls. When the fall occurs, the system generates the alarm on the
PDA. If a subject does not respond to the alarm, the system determines
whether the current situation is an emergency state or not, and then
sends some information to the emergency center in the case of urgent
situation. Three different studies were conducted on 12 experimental
subjects, with results indicating a good accuracy. The first study was
performed to detect the posture change of human daily activity. The
second study was performed to detect the correct direction of fall. The
third study was conducted to check the classification of the daily
physical activity. Each test was lasted at least 1 min. in third study.
The output of acceleration signal was compared and evaluated by
changing a various posture after attaching a 3-axis accelerometer
module on the chest. The newly developed system has some important
features such as portability, convenience and low cost. One of the
main advantages of this system is that it is available at home
healthcare environment. Another important feature lies in low cost to
manufacture device. The implemented system can detect the fall
accurately, so will be widely used in emergency situation.", keywords = "Alarm System, Ambulatory monitoring, Emergency
detection, Classification of activity, and 3-axis accelerometer.", volume = "1", number = "6", pages = "370-5", }