Induction of Alternative Oxidase Activity in Candida albicans by Oxidising Conditions
Candida albicans ATCC 10231 had low endogenous activity of the alternative oxidase compared with that of C. albicans ATCC 10261. In C. albicans ATCC 10231 the endogenous activity declined as the cultures aged. Alternative oxidase activity could be induced in C. albicans ATCC 10231 by treatment with cyanide, but the induction of this activity required the presence of oxygen which could be replaced, at least in part, with high concentrations of potassium ferricyanide. We infer from this that the expression of the gene encoding the alternative oxidase is under the control of a redoxsensitive transcription factor.
[1] S.-Y. M. Pang, S. Tristram, and S. Brown, "An in silico model of the
alternative oxidase," International Journal of Biosciences and
Technology, vol. 2, pp. 139-148, 2009.
[2] G. R. Schonbaum, W. D. Bonner, Jr., B. T. Storey, and J. T. Bahr,
"Specific inhibition of the cyanide-insensitive respiratory pathway in
plant mitochondria by hydroxamic acids," Plant Physiology, vol. 47, pp.
124-128, 1971.
[3] J. N. Siedow and M. E. Girvin, "Alternative respiratory pathway: its role
in seed respiration and its inhibition by propyl gallate," Plant
Physiology, vol. 65, pp. 669-674, 1980.
[4] J. N. Siedow and D. M. Bickett, "Structural features required for
inhibition of cyanide-insensitive electron transfer by propyl gallate,"
Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, vol. 207, pp. 32-39, 1981.
[5] N. Sen and H. K. Majumder, "Mitochondrion of protozoan parasite
emerges as potent therapeutic target: exciting drugs are on the horizon,"
Current Pharmaceutical Design, vol. 14, pp. 839-846, 2008.
[6] A. Veiga, J. D. Arrabaca, and M. C. Loueiro-Dias, "Stress situations
induce cyanide-resistant respiration in spoilage yeasts," Journal of
Applied Microbiology, vol. 95, pp. 364-371, 2003.
[7] V. N. Popov, R. A. Simonian, V. P. Skulachev, and A. A. Starkov,
"Inhibition of the alternative oxidase stimulates H2O2 production in plant
mitochondria," FEBS Letters, vol. 415, pp. 87-90, 1997.
[8] R. M. Nervig and S. Kadis, "Effect of hydroxamic acids on growth and
urease activity in Corynebacterium renale," Canadian Journal of
Microbiology, vol. 22, pp. 544-551, 1976.
[9] C. Y. Wang and L. H. Lee, "Mutagenicity and antibacterial activity of
hydroxamic acids," Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol. 11,
pp. 753-755, 1977.
[10] S.-Y. M. Pang, S. Tristram, and S. Brown, "Salicylhydroxamic acid
inhibits the growth of Candida albicans," International Journal of
Biological and Life Sciences, vol. 6, pp. 40-46, 2010.
[11] S.-Y. M. Pang, S. Tristram, and S. Brown, "Inhibition of the growth of
pathogenic Candida spp. by salicylhydroxamic acid," International
Journal of Biological and Life Sciences, vol. 7, pp. 1-7, 2011.
[12] N. Minagawa and A. Yoshimoto, "The induction of cyanide-resistant
respiration in Hansuela anomala," Journal of Biochemistry, vol. 101, pp.
1141-1146, 1987.
[13] H. Yukioka, S. Inagaki, R. Tanaka, K. Katoh, N. Miki, A. Mizutani, and
M. Masuko, "Transcriptional activation of the alternative oxidase gene
of the fungus Magnaporthe grisea by a respiratory-inhibiting fungicide
and hydrogen peroxide," Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, vol. 1442, pp.
161-169, 1998.
[14] K. Kirimura, T. Matsui, S. Sugano, and S. Usami, "Enhancement and
repression of cyanide-insensitive respiration in Aspergillus niger,"
FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol. 141, pp. 251-254, 1996.
[15] D. L. Edwards, E. Rosenberg, and P. A. Maroney, "Induction of cyanideinsensitive
respiration in Neurospora crassa," Journal of Biological
Chemistry, vol. 249, pp. 3551-3556, 1974.
[16] W.-K. Huh and S.-O. Kang, "Molecular cloning and functional
expression of alternative oxidase from Candida albicans," Journal of
Bacteriology, vol. 181, pp. 4098-4102, 1999.
[17] W.-K. Huh and S.-O. Kang, "Characterization of the gene family
encoding alternative oxidase from Candida albicans," Biochemical
Journal, vol. 356, pp. 595-604, 2001.
[18] M. G. Shepherd, C. M. Chin, and P. A. Sullivan, "The alternate
respiratory pathway of Candida albicans," Archives of Microbiology,
vol. 116, pp. 61-67, 1978.
[19] N. Minagawa and A. Yoshimoto, "The induction of cyanide-resistant
respiration by carbon monoxide in Hansenula anomala," Agricultural
and Biological Chemistry, vol. 53, pp. 2025-2026, 1989.
[20] S. Brown and N. L. Taylor, "Inhibition of mitochondrial electron transfer
by antipsychotic medication," Human and Veterinary Toxicology, vol.
42, pp. 209-211, 2000.
[21] K. Kirimura, Y. Hirowatari, and S. Usami, "Alterations of respiratory
systems in Aspergillus niger under the conditions of citric acid
fermentation," Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, vol. 51, pp. 1299-
1303, 1987.
[22] T. Joseph-Horne, J. Babij, P. M. Wood, D. Hollomon, and R. B.
Sessions, "New sequence data enable modelling of the fungal alternative
oxidase and explain an absence of regulation by pyruvate," FEBS
Letters, vol. 481, pp. 141-146, 2000.
[23] A. H. Millar, J. T. Wiskich, J. Whelan, and D. A. Day, "Organic acid
activation of the alternative oxidase of plant mitochondria," FEBS
Letters, vol. 329, pp. 259-262, 1993.
[24] M. H. N. Hoefnagel and J. T. Wiskich, "Activation of the plant
alternative oxidase by high reduction levels of the Q-pool and pyruvate,"
Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, vol. 355, pp. 262-270, 1998.
[25] G. C. Vanlerberghe, L. McIntosh, and J. Y. H. Yip, "Molecular
localization of a redox-modulated process regulating plant mitochondrial
electron transport," The Plant Cell, vol. 10, pp. 1551-1560, 1998.
[26] A. L. Umbach and J. N. Siedow, "Covalent and non-covalent dimers of
the cyanide-resistant alternative oxidase protein in higher plant
mitochondria and their relationship to enzyme activity," Plant
Physiology, vol. 103, pp. 845-854, 1993.
[27] J. A. Downie and P. B. Garland, "An antimycin A- and cyanide-resistant
variant of Candida utilis arising during copper-limited growth,"
Biochemical Journal, vol. 134, pp. 1051-1061, 1973.
[28] N. Minagawa and A. Yoshimoto, "The induction of cyanide-resistant
respiration in the absence of respiratory inhibitors in Hansenula
anomala," Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, vol. 51, pp. 2263-
2265, 1987.
[29] J.-P. Schwitzguébel and J. M. Palmer, "Rotenone- and cyanideinsensitive
respiration in mitochondria from Neurospora crassa,"
Journal of General Microbiology, vol. 129, pp. 2387-2397, 1983.
[30] N. Minagawa, S. Sakajo, and A. Yoshimoto, "Induction of cyanideresistant
respiration by sulfur compounds in Hansenula anomala,"
Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, vol. 55, pp. 1573-1578, 1991.
[31] N. Minagawa, S. Sakajo, T. Komiyama, and A. Yoshimoto, "A 36-kDa
mitochondrial protein is responsible for cyanide-resistant respiration in
Hansuela anomala," FEBS Letters, vol. 264, pp. 149-152, 1990.
[32] N. Minagawa, S. Sakajo, T. Komiyama, and A. Yoshimoto, "Essential
role of ferrous iron in cyanide-resistant respiration in Hansuela
anomala," FEBS Letters, vol. 267, pp. 114-116, 1990.
[33] J. N. Siedow, A. L. Umbach, and A. L. Moore, "The active site of the
cyanide-resistant oxidase from plant mitochondria contains a binuclear
iron center," FEBS Letters, vol. 362, pp. 10-14, 1995.
[34] N. Minagawa, S. Koga, M. Nakano, S. Sakajo, and A. Yoshimoto,
"Possible involvement of superoxide anion in the induction of cyanideresistant
respiration in Hansuela anomala," FEBS Letters, vol. 302, pp.
217-219, 1992.
[35] H. F. Bunn and R. O. Poyton, "Oxygen sensing and molecular adaptation
to hypoxia," Physiological Reviews, vol. 76, pp. 839-885, 1996.
[1] S.-Y. M. Pang, S. Tristram, and S. Brown, "An in silico model of the
alternative oxidase," International Journal of Biosciences and
Technology, vol. 2, pp. 139-148, 2009.
[2] G. R. Schonbaum, W. D. Bonner, Jr., B. T. Storey, and J. T. Bahr,
"Specific inhibition of the cyanide-insensitive respiratory pathway in
plant mitochondria by hydroxamic acids," Plant Physiology, vol. 47, pp.
124-128, 1971.
[3] J. N. Siedow and M. E. Girvin, "Alternative respiratory pathway: its role
in seed respiration and its inhibition by propyl gallate," Plant
Physiology, vol. 65, pp. 669-674, 1980.
[4] J. N. Siedow and D. M. Bickett, "Structural features required for
inhibition of cyanide-insensitive electron transfer by propyl gallate,"
Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, vol. 207, pp. 32-39, 1981.
[5] N. Sen and H. K. Majumder, "Mitochondrion of protozoan parasite
emerges as potent therapeutic target: exciting drugs are on the horizon,"
Current Pharmaceutical Design, vol. 14, pp. 839-846, 2008.
[6] A. Veiga, J. D. Arrabaca, and M. C. Loueiro-Dias, "Stress situations
induce cyanide-resistant respiration in spoilage yeasts," Journal of
Applied Microbiology, vol. 95, pp. 364-371, 2003.
[7] V. N. Popov, R. A. Simonian, V. P. Skulachev, and A. A. Starkov,
"Inhibition of the alternative oxidase stimulates H2O2 production in plant
mitochondria," FEBS Letters, vol. 415, pp. 87-90, 1997.
[8] R. M. Nervig and S. Kadis, "Effect of hydroxamic acids on growth and
urease activity in Corynebacterium renale," Canadian Journal of
Microbiology, vol. 22, pp. 544-551, 1976.
[9] C. Y. Wang and L. H. Lee, "Mutagenicity and antibacterial activity of
hydroxamic acids," Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol. 11,
pp. 753-755, 1977.
[10] S.-Y. M. Pang, S. Tristram, and S. Brown, "Salicylhydroxamic acid
inhibits the growth of Candida albicans," International Journal of
Biological and Life Sciences, vol. 6, pp. 40-46, 2010.
[11] S.-Y. M. Pang, S. Tristram, and S. Brown, "Inhibition of the growth of
pathogenic Candida spp. by salicylhydroxamic acid," International
Journal of Biological and Life Sciences, vol. 7, pp. 1-7, 2011.
[12] N. Minagawa and A. Yoshimoto, "The induction of cyanide-resistant
respiration in Hansuela anomala," Journal of Biochemistry, vol. 101, pp.
1141-1146, 1987.
[13] H. Yukioka, S. Inagaki, R. Tanaka, K. Katoh, N. Miki, A. Mizutani, and
M. Masuko, "Transcriptional activation of the alternative oxidase gene
of the fungus Magnaporthe grisea by a respiratory-inhibiting fungicide
and hydrogen peroxide," Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, vol. 1442, pp.
161-169, 1998.
[14] K. Kirimura, T. Matsui, S. Sugano, and S. Usami, "Enhancement and
repression of cyanide-insensitive respiration in Aspergillus niger,"
FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol. 141, pp. 251-254, 1996.
[15] D. L. Edwards, E. Rosenberg, and P. A. Maroney, "Induction of cyanideinsensitive
respiration in Neurospora crassa," Journal of Biological
Chemistry, vol. 249, pp. 3551-3556, 1974.
[16] W.-K. Huh and S.-O. Kang, "Molecular cloning and functional
expression of alternative oxidase from Candida albicans," Journal of
Bacteriology, vol. 181, pp. 4098-4102, 1999.
[17] W.-K. Huh and S.-O. Kang, "Characterization of the gene family
encoding alternative oxidase from Candida albicans," Biochemical
Journal, vol. 356, pp. 595-604, 2001.
[18] M. G. Shepherd, C. M. Chin, and P. A. Sullivan, "The alternate
respiratory pathway of Candida albicans," Archives of Microbiology,
vol. 116, pp. 61-67, 1978.
[19] N. Minagawa and A. Yoshimoto, "The induction of cyanide-resistant
respiration by carbon monoxide in Hansenula anomala," Agricultural
and Biological Chemistry, vol. 53, pp. 2025-2026, 1989.
[20] S. Brown and N. L. Taylor, "Inhibition of mitochondrial electron transfer
by antipsychotic medication," Human and Veterinary Toxicology, vol.
42, pp. 209-211, 2000.
[21] K. Kirimura, Y. Hirowatari, and S. Usami, "Alterations of respiratory
systems in Aspergillus niger under the conditions of citric acid
fermentation," Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, vol. 51, pp. 1299-
1303, 1987.
[22] T. Joseph-Horne, J. Babij, P. M. Wood, D. Hollomon, and R. B.
Sessions, "New sequence data enable modelling of the fungal alternative
oxidase and explain an absence of regulation by pyruvate," FEBS
Letters, vol. 481, pp. 141-146, 2000.
[23] A. H. Millar, J. T. Wiskich, J. Whelan, and D. A. Day, "Organic acid
activation of the alternative oxidase of plant mitochondria," FEBS
Letters, vol. 329, pp. 259-262, 1993.
[24] M. H. N. Hoefnagel and J. T. Wiskich, "Activation of the plant
alternative oxidase by high reduction levels of the Q-pool and pyruvate,"
Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, vol. 355, pp. 262-270, 1998.
[25] G. C. Vanlerberghe, L. McIntosh, and J. Y. H. Yip, "Molecular
localization of a redox-modulated process regulating plant mitochondrial
electron transport," The Plant Cell, vol. 10, pp. 1551-1560, 1998.
[26] A. L. Umbach and J. N. Siedow, "Covalent and non-covalent dimers of
the cyanide-resistant alternative oxidase protein in higher plant
mitochondria and their relationship to enzyme activity," Plant
Physiology, vol. 103, pp. 845-854, 1993.
[27] J. A. Downie and P. B. Garland, "An antimycin A- and cyanide-resistant
variant of Candida utilis arising during copper-limited growth,"
Biochemical Journal, vol. 134, pp. 1051-1061, 1973.
[28] N. Minagawa and A. Yoshimoto, "The induction of cyanide-resistant
respiration in the absence of respiratory inhibitors in Hansenula
anomala," Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, vol. 51, pp. 2263-
2265, 1987.
[29] J.-P. Schwitzguébel and J. M. Palmer, "Rotenone- and cyanideinsensitive
respiration in mitochondria from Neurospora crassa,"
Journal of General Microbiology, vol. 129, pp. 2387-2397, 1983.
[30] N. Minagawa, S. Sakajo, and A. Yoshimoto, "Induction of cyanideresistant
respiration by sulfur compounds in Hansenula anomala,"
Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, vol. 55, pp. 1573-1578, 1991.
[31] N. Minagawa, S. Sakajo, T. Komiyama, and A. Yoshimoto, "A 36-kDa
mitochondrial protein is responsible for cyanide-resistant respiration in
Hansuela anomala," FEBS Letters, vol. 264, pp. 149-152, 1990.
[32] N. Minagawa, S. Sakajo, T. Komiyama, and A. Yoshimoto, "Essential
role of ferrous iron in cyanide-resistant respiration in Hansuela
anomala," FEBS Letters, vol. 267, pp. 114-116, 1990.
[33] J. N. Siedow, A. L. Umbach, and A. L. Moore, "The active site of the
cyanide-resistant oxidase from plant mitochondria contains a binuclear
iron center," FEBS Letters, vol. 362, pp. 10-14, 1995.
[34] N. Minagawa, S. Koga, M. Nakano, S. Sakajo, and A. Yoshimoto,
"Possible involvement of superoxide anion in the induction of cyanideresistant
respiration in Hansuela anomala," FEBS Letters, vol. 302, pp.
217-219, 1992.
[35] H. F. Bunn and R. O. Poyton, "Oxygen sensing and molecular adaptation
to hypoxia," Physiological Reviews, vol. 76, pp. 839-885, 1996.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:49751", author = "Simon Brown and Raewyn Tuffery", title = "Induction of Alternative Oxidase Activity in Candida albicans by Oxidising Conditions", abstract = "Candida albicans ATCC 10231 had low endogenous activity of the alternative oxidase compared with that of C. albicans ATCC 10261. In C. albicans ATCC 10231 the endogenous activity declined as the cultures aged. Alternative oxidase activity could be induced in C. albicans ATCC 10231 by treatment with cyanide, but the induction of this activity required the presence of oxygen which could be replaced, at least in part, with high concentrations of potassium ferricyanide. We infer from this that the expression of the gene encoding the alternative oxidase is under the control of a redoxsensitive transcription factor.
", keywords = "alternative oxidase, Candida albicans, enzymeinduction, oxygen, redox potential.", volume = "4", number = "1", pages = "12-5", }
