Biodegradation of Carbazole By a Promising Gram-Negative Bacterium
In the present work we report a gram negative
bacterial isolate, from soil of a dye industry, with promising
biorefining and bioremediation potential. This isolate (GBS.5) could
utilize carbazole (nitrogen containing polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbon) as the sole source of nitrogen and carbon and utilize
almost 98% of 3mM carbazole in 100 hours. The specific activity of
our GBS.5 isolate for carbazole degradation at 30°C and pH 7.0 was
found to be 11.36 μmol/min/g dry cell weight as compared to 10.4
μmol/min/g dry cell weight, the highest reported specific activity till
date. The presence of car genes (the genes involved in
denitrogenation of carbazole) was confirmed through PCR
amplification.
[1] D. Dong, S. Jeong, F. E. Massoth, "Effect of nitrogen compounds on
deactivation of hydrotreating catalysts by coke," in Catlyst Today, vol.
37, 1997, pp. 267-275.
[2] M. J. Benedik, P. R. Gibbs, R. R, Riddle, R. C. Willson, " Microbial
denitrogenation of fossil fuels," in Trends. Biotechnol., vol. 16, 1998,
pp. 390-395.
[3] J. G. Mueller, P. J. Chapman, P. H. Pritchard, "Creosote-contaminated
sites: their potential for bioremediation," in Environ. Sci. Technol., vol.
23, 1989, pp. 1197-1201.
[4] G. W. Mushrush, E. J. Beal, D. R. Hardy, J. M. Hughes, "Nitrogen
compound distribution in middle distillate fuels derived from petroleum,
oil shale and tar sand sources," in Fuel Process. Technol., vol. 61, 1999,
pp. 197-210.
[5] L. M. Gieg, A. Otter, P.M. Fedorak, "Carbazole degradation by
Pseudomonas sp. LD2: metabolic characterization and the identification
of some metabolites," in Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 30, 1996, pp. 575-
585.
[6] J. C. Arcos, M. F. Argus, "Molecular geometry and carcinogenic activity
of aromatic compounds: New perspectives," in Adv. Cancer Res., vol.
11, 1968, pp. 305-471.
[7] D. Warshawsky, G. Talaska, W. Xue, J. Schneider, "Comparative
carcinogenicity, metabolism, mutagenicity, and DNA binding of 7Hdibenzo[
c,g]carbazole and dibenz[a,j]acridine," in Crit. Rev. Toxicol.,
vol. 26, 1996, pp. 213-249.
[8] H. Tsuda, A. Hagiwara, M. Shibata, N. Ito, "Carcinogenic effect of
carbazole in the liver of a (C57BL/6NxC3H/HeN)F1 mice" in journal of
the National Cancer Institute, vol. 69, 1982, pp. 1389-1393.
[9] K. Kirimura, H. Nakagawa, K. Tsuji, K. Matsuda, R. Kurane, S. Usami,
"Selective and continuous degradation of carbazole contained in
petroleum oil by resting cells of Sphingomonas sp. CDH-7," in Biosci.
Biotechnol. Biochem., vol. 63, 1999, pp. 1563-1568.
[10] Y. Meiying, L. Wenming, G. Xiaoxu, Q. Zhenhuan, Z. Xiaojuan, W.
Xingzhi, "Isolation and identification of a carbazole degradation gene
cluster from Sphingomonas sp. JS1" in World J. Microbial Biotechnol.,
vol. 25, 2009, pp. 1625-1631.
[11] N. Ouchiyama, Y. Zhang, T. Omori, T. Kodama, "Biodegradation of
carbazole by Pseudomonas spp. CA06 and CA10" in Biosci. Biotechnol.
Biochem., vol. 57, 1993, pp. 455-460.
[12] R. J. Grosser, D. Warshawsky, J. R. Vestal. "Indigenous and enhanced
mineralization of pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene, and carbazole in soil" in Appl.
Environ. Microbiol., vol. 57, 1991, pp. 3462-3469.
[13] S. C. C. Santos, D. S. Alviano, C. S. Alviano, M. Padula, A. C. Leitao,
O. B. Martins, C. M. S. Ribeiro, M. Y. M. Sassaki, C. P. S. Matta, J.
Bevilaqua, G. V. Sebastian, L. Seldin, "Characterization of Gordonia sp.
Strain F.5.25.8 capable of dibenzothiophene desulfurization and
carbazole utilization" in Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., vol. 71, 2006, pp.
355-362.
[14] Y. G. Li, W. L. Li, J. X. Huang, X. C. Xiong, H. S. Gao, J. M. Xing, H.
Z. Liu, "Biodegradation of carbazole in oil/water biphasic system by a
newly isolated bacterium Klebsiella sp. LSSE-H2" in Biochemical
Engineering Journal., vol. 41, 2008, pp. 166-170.
[15] G. Castorena, M. E. Acuna, J. Aburto, I. Bustos-Jaimes, " Semicontinuous
biodegradation of carbazole in fuels by biofilm-immobilised
cells of Burkholderia sp. Strain IMP5GC" in Process Biochemistry., vol.
43, 2008, pp. 1318-1321.
[16] J. S. Seo, Y. S. Keum, I. K. Cho, Q. X. Li, "Degradation of
dibenzothiophene and carbazole by Arthrobacter sp. P1-1" in
International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation., vol. 58, 2006, pp. 36-
43.
[17] A. Ishihara, F. Dumeignil, T. Aoyagi, M. Nishikawa, M. Hosomi, E. W.
Qian, Y Kabe, " Degradation of carbazole by Novosphingobium sp.
Strain NIY3" in Journal of the Japan Petroleum Institute., vol. 51, 2008,
pp. 174-179.
[18] S. Sato, N. Ouchiyama, T. Kimura, H. Nojiri, H. Yamane, T. Omori,
"Cloning of genes involved in carbazole degradation of Pseudomonas
sp. Strain CA10: nucleotide sequence of genes and characterization of
metacleavage enzyme and hydrolase" in J. Bacteriol., vol. 179, 1997, pp.
4841-4849.
[19] S. Sato, J. Nam, T. Kasuga, H. Nojiri, H. Yamane, T. Omori,
"Identification and characterization of genes encoding carbazole 1,9adioxygenase
in Pseudomonas sp. Strain CA10" in J. Bacteriol., vol.
179, 1997, pp. 4850-4858.
[20] H. Nojiri, H. Sekiguchi, K. Maeda, M. Urata, S. Nakai, T. Yoshida, H.
Habe, T. Omori, "Genetic characterization and evolutionary implications
of a car gene cluster in the carbazole degrader Pseudomonas sp. Strain
CA10" in J. Bacteriol., vol. 183, 2001, pp. 3663-3679.
[21] R. R. Riddle, P. R. Gibbs, R. C. Willson, M. J. Benedik, "Recombinant
carbazole-degrading strains for enhanced petroleum processing" in J.
Ind Microbiol Biotechnol., vol. 30, 2003, pp. 6-12.
[22] L. Li, Q. Li, F. Li, Q. Shi, B. Yu, F. Xu, "degradation of carbazole and
its derivatives by a Pseudomonas sp." in Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.,
vol. 73, 2006, pp. 914-948.
[1] D. Dong, S. Jeong, F. E. Massoth, "Effect of nitrogen compounds on
deactivation of hydrotreating catalysts by coke," in Catlyst Today, vol.
37, 1997, pp. 267-275.
[2] M. J. Benedik, P. R. Gibbs, R. R, Riddle, R. C. Willson, " Microbial
denitrogenation of fossil fuels," in Trends. Biotechnol., vol. 16, 1998,
pp. 390-395.
[3] J. G. Mueller, P. J. Chapman, P. H. Pritchard, "Creosote-contaminated
sites: their potential for bioremediation," in Environ. Sci. Technol., vol.
23, 1989, pp. 1197-1201.
[4] G. W. Mushrush, E. J. Beal, D. R. Hardy, J. M. Hughes, "Nitrogen
compound distribution in middle distillate fuels derived from petroleum,
oil shale and tar sand sources," in Fuel Process. Technol., vol. 61, 1999,
pp. 197-210.
[5] L. M. Gieg, A. Otter, P.M. Fedorak, "Carbazole degradation by
Pseudomonas sp. LD2: metabolic characterization and the identification
of some metabolites," in Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 30, 1996, pp. 575-
585.
[6] J. C. Arcos, M. F. Argus, "Molecular geometry and carcinogenic activity
of aromatic compounds: New perspectives," in Adv. Cancer Res., vol.
11, 1968, pp. 305-471.
[7] D. Warshawsky, G. Talaska, W. Xue, J. Schneider, "Comparative
carcinogenicity, metabolism, mutagenicity, and DNA binding of 7Hdibenzo[
c,g]carbazole and dibenz[a,j]acridine," in Crit. Rev. Toxicol.,
vol. 26, 1996, pp. 213-249.
[8] H. Tsuda, A. Hagiwara, M. Shibata, N. Ito, "Carcinogenic effect of
carbazole in the liver of a (C57BL/6NxC3H/HeN)F1 mice" in journal of
the National Cancer Institute, vol. 69, 1982, pp. 1389-1393.
[9] K. Kirimura, H. Nakagawa, K. Tsuji, K. Matsuda, R. Kurane, S. Usami,
"Selective and continuous degradation of carbazole contained in
petroleum oil by resting cells of Sphingomonas sp. CDH-7," in Biosci.
Biotechnol. Biochem., vol. 63, 1999, pp. 1563-1568.
[10] Y. Meiying, L. Wenming, G. Xiaoxu, Q. Zhenhuan, Z. Xiaojuan, W.
Xingzhi, "Isolation and identification of a carbazole degradation gene
cluster from Sphingomonas sp. JS1" in World J. Microbial Biotechnol.,
vol. 25, 2009, pp. 1625-1631.
[11] N. Ouchiyama, Y. Zhang, T. Omori, T. Kodama, "Biodegradation of
carbazole by Pseudomonas spp. CA06 and CA10" in Biosci. Biotechnol.
Biochem., vol. 57, 1993, pp. 455-460.
[12] R. J. Grosser, D. Warshawsky, J. R. Vestal. "Indigenous and enhanced
mineralization of pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene, and carbazole in soil" in Appl.
Environ. Microbiol., vol. 57, 1991, pp. 3462-3469.
[13] S. C. C. Santos, D. S. Alviano, C. S. Alviano, M. Padula, A. C. Leitao,
O. B. Martins, C. M. S. Ribeiro, M. Y. M. Sassaki, C. P. S. Matta, J.
Bevilaqua, G. V. Sebastian, L. Seldin, "Characterization of Gordonia sp.
Strain F.5.25.8 capable of dibenzothiophene desulfurization and
carbazole utilization" in Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., vol. 71, 2006, pp.
355-362.
[14] Y. G. Li, W. L. Li, J. X. Huang, X. C. Xiong, H. S. Gao, J. M. Xing, H.
Z. Liu, "Biodegradation of carbazole in oil/water biphasic system by a
newly isolated bacterium Klebsiella sp. LSSE-H2" in Biochemical
Engineering Journal., vol. 41, 2008, pp. 166-170.
[15] G. Castorena, M. E. Acuna, J. Aburto, I. Bustos-Jaimes, " Semicontinuous
biodegradation of carbazole in fuels by biofilm-immobilised
cells of Burkholderia sp. Strain IMP5GC" in Process Biochemistry., vol.
43, 2008, pp. 1318-1321.
[16] J. S. Seo, Y. S. Keum, I. K. Cho, Q. X. Li, "Degradation of
dibenzothiophene and carbazole by Arthrobacter sp. P1-1" in
International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation., vol. 58, 2006, pp. 36-
43.
[17] A. Ishihara, F. Dumeignil, T. Aoyagi, M. Nishikawa, M. Hosomi, E. W.
Qian, Y Kabe, " Degradation of carbazole by Novosphingobium sp.
Strain NIY3" in Journal of the Japan Petroleum Institute., vol. 51, 2008,
pp. 174-179.
[18] S. Sato, N. Ouchiyama, T. Kimura, H. Nojiri, H. Yamane, T. Omori,
"Cloning of genes involved in carbazole degradation of Pseudomonas
sp. Strain CA10: nucleotide sequence of genes and characterization of
metacleavage enzyme and hydrolase" in J. Bacteriol., vol. 179, 1997, pp.
4841-4849.
[19] S. Sato, J. Nam, T. Kasuga, H. Nojiri, H. Yamane, T. Omori,
"Identification and characterization of genes encoding carbazole 1,9adioxygenase
in Pseudomonas sp. Strain CA10" in J. Bacteriol., vol.
179, 1997, pp. 4850-4858.
[20] H. Nojiri, H. Sekiguchi, K. Maeda, M. Urata, S. Nakai, T. Yoshida, H.
Habe, T. Omori, "Genetic characterization and evolutionary implications
of a car gene cluster in the carbazole degrader Pseudomonas sp. Strain
CA10" in J. Bacteriol., vol. 183, 2001, pp. 3663-3679.
[21] R. R. Riddle, P. R. Gibbs, R. C. Willson, M. J. Benedik, "Recombinant
carbazole-degrading strains for enhanced petroleum processing" in J.
Ind Microbiol Biotechnol., vol. 30, 2003, pp. 6-12.
[22] L. Li, Q. Li, F. Li, Q. Shi, B. Yu, F. Xu, "degradation of carbazole and
its derivatives by a Pseudomonas sp." in Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.,
vol. 73, 2006, pp. 914-948.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:49702", author = "G. B. Singh and S. Srivastava and N. Gupta", title = "Biodegradation of Carbazole By a Promising Gram-Negative Bacterium", abstract = "In the present work we report a gram negative
bacterial isolate, from soil of a dye industry, with promising
biorefining and bioremediation potential. This isolate (GBS.5) could
utilize carbazole (nitrogen containing polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbon) as the sole source of nitrogen and carbon and utilize
almost 98% of 3mM carbazole in 100 hours. The specific activity of
our GBS.5 isolate for carbazole degradation at 30°C and pH 7.0 was
found to be 11.36 μmol/min/g dry cell weight as compared to 10.4
μmol/min/g dry cell weight, the highest reported specific activity till
date. The presence of car genes (the genes involved in
denitrogenation of carbazole) was confirmed through PCR
amplification.", keywords = "Biodenitrogenation, Biorefining, Carbazoledegradation, Crude oil.", volume = "4", number = "10", pages = "714-4", }