Wasp Venom Peptides may play a role in the Pathogenesis of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in Humans: A Structural Similarity Analysis
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) has
been reported to develop after a hymenoptera sting, but its
pathogenesis is not known in detail. Myelin basic protein (MBP)-
specific T cells have been detected in the blood of patients with
ADEM, and a proportion of these patients develop multiple sclerosis
(MS). In an attempt to understand the mechanisms underlying
ADEM, molecular mimicry between hymenoptera venom peptides
and the human immunodominant MBP peptide was scrutinized,
based on the sequence and structural similarities, whether it was the
root of the disease. The results suggest that the three wasp venom
peptides have low sequence homology with the human
immunodominant MBP residues 85-99. Structural similarity analysis
among the three venom peptides and the MS-related HLA-DR2b
(DRA, DRB1*1501)-associated immunodominant MHC
binding/TCR contact residues 88-93, VVHFFK showed that
hyaluronidase residues 7-12, phospholipase A1 residues 98-103, and
antigen 5 residues 109-114 showed a high degree of similarity
83.3%, 100%, and 83.3% respectively. In conclusion, some wasp
venom peptides, particularly phospholipase A1, may potentially act
as the molecular motifs of the human 3HLA-DR2b-associated
immunodominant MBP88-93, and possibly present a mechanism for
induction of wasp sting-associated ADEM.
[1] A.P. Kohm, K.G. Fuller, and S.D. Miller, "Mimicking the way to
autoimmunity: an evolving theory of sequence and structural
homology," Trends. Microbiol., vol. 11, pp. 101-105, Mar. 2003.
[2] L. Klee and R. Zand, "Probable epitopes: Relationship between myelin
basic protein antigenic determinants and viral and bacterial proteins."
Neuroinformatics, vol. 2, pp. 59-70, Mar. 2004.
[3] E.D. Means, K.D. Barron, and B.J. Van Dyne, "Nervous system lesions
after sting by yellow jacket. A case report." Neurology, vol. 23, pp. 881-
890, Aug. 1973.
[4] P. Likittanasombut, R. Witoonpanich, and K. Viranuvatti,
"Encephalomyeloradiculopathy associated with wasp sting." J. Neurol.
Neurosurg. Psychiatry, vol. 74, pp. 134-135, Jan. 2003.
[5] C. Boz, S. Velioglu, and M. Ozmenoglu, "Acute disseminated
encephalomyelitis." Neuro. Sci., vol. 23, pp. 313-315, Feb. 2003.
[6] A. Pohl-Koppe, S.K. Burchett, E.A. Thiele, and D.A. Hafler, "Myelin
basic protein reactive Th2 T cells are found in acute disseminated
encephalomyelitis." J. Neuroimmunol., vol. 91, pp. 19-27, Nov. 1998.
[7] T.P. King, G. Lu, M. Gonzales, N. Qian, and L. Soldatova, "Yellow
jacket venom allergens, hyaluronidase and phospholipase: sequence
similarity and antigenic cross-reactivity with their hornet and wasp
homologs and possible implication for clinical allergy." J. Allergy. Clin.
Immunol., vol. 98, pp. 588-600, Sep. 1996.
[8] S. Brocke, A. Gaur, C. Piercy, A. Gautam, K. Gijbels, C.G. Fathman,
and L. Steinman, "Induction of relapsing paralysis in experimental
autoimmune encephalomyelitis by bacterial superantigen." Nature, vol.
365, pp. 642-644, Oct. 1993.
[9] S. Schwarz, A. Mohr, M. Knauth, B. Wildemann, and B. Storch-
Hagenlocher, "Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: A follow-up
study of 40 adult patients." Neurology, vol. 56, pp. 1313-1318, May
2001.
[10] R. Martin, D. Jaraquemada, M. Flerlage, J. Richert, J. Whitaker, E.O.
Long, D.E. McFarlin, and H.F. McFarland, "Fine specificity and HLA
restriction of myelin basic protein-specific cytotoxic T cell lines from
multiple sclerosis patients and healthy individuals." J. Immunol., vol.
145, pp. 540-548, July 1990.
[11] K.W. Wucherpfennig, A. Sette, S. Sourthwood, C. Oseroff, M. Matsui,
J.L. Strominger, D.A. Hafler, "Structural requirements for binding of an
immunodominant myelin basic protein peptide to DR2 isotypes and its
recognition by human T cell clones." J. Exp. Med., vol. 179, pp. 279-
290, Jan. 1994.
[12] K.W. Wucherpfennig, I. Catz, S. Hausmann, J.L. Strominger, L.
Steinman, and K.G. Warren, (1997) ÔÇ×Recognition of the
immunodominant myelin basic protein peptide by autoantibodies and
HLA-DR2 restricted T cell clones from multiple sclerosis patients:
identify of key contact residues in the B cell and T cell epitopes." J.
Clin. Invest., vol. 100, pp. 1114-1122, Sep. 1997.
[13] B. Gran, B. Hemmer, and R. Martin, "Molecular mimicry and multiple
sclerosis- a possible role for degenerate T cell recognition in the
induction of autoimmune responses." J. Neural. Transm. Suppl., vol.
55, pp. 19-31, 1999.
[14] The UniProt Consortium, "The Universal Protein Resource (UniProt)."
Nucleic. Acids. Res., vol. 36, pp. D190-D195, Jan. 2008.
[15] X. Huang, and W. Miller, "A time-efficient, linear-space local similarity
algorithm." Adv. Appl. Math., vol. 12, pp. 337-357, Sep. 1991.
[16] K.W. Wucherpfennig, and J.L. Strominger, "Molecular mimicry in T
cell-mediated autoimmunity: viral peptides activate human T cell clones
specific for myelin basic protein." Cell, vol. 80, pp. 695-705, Mar.
1995.
[17] K.J. Smith, J. Pyrdol, L. Gauthier, D.C. Wiley, and K.W.
Wucherpfennig, "Crystal structure of HLA-DR2 (DRA*0101,
DRB1*1501) complexed with a peptide from human myelin basic
protein." J. Exp. Med., vol. 188, pp. 1511-1520, Oct. 1998.
[18] Z. Markovic-Housley, G. Miglierini, L. Soldatova, P.J. Rizkallah, U.
M├╝ller, and T. Schirmer, "Crystal structure of hyaluronidase, a major
allergen of bee venom." Structure, vol. 8, pp. 1025-1035, Oct. 2000.
[19] A. Henriksen, T.P. King, O. Mirza, R.I. Monsalve, K. Meno, H. Ipsen,
J.N. Larsen, M. Gajhede, and M.D. Spangfort, "Major venom allergen
of yellow jackets, Ves v 5: structural characterization of a pathogenesisrelated
protein superfamily." Proteins, vol. 45, pp. 438-448, Dec. 2001.
[20] N. Guex, and M.C. Peitsch, "SWISS-MODEL and the Swiss-
PdbViewer: An environment for comparative protein modeling."
Electrophoresis, vol. 18, pp. 2714-2723, Dec. 1997.
[21] K. Gerritse, C. Deen, M. Fasbender, R. Ravid, W. Boersma, and E.
Claassen, "The involvement of specific anti myelin basic protein
antibody-forming cells in multiple sclerosis immunopathology." J.
Neuroimmunol., vol. 49, pp. 153-159, Jan. 1994.
[22] Y. Li, H. Li, R. Martin, and R.A. Mariuzza, "Structural basis for the
binding of an immunodominant peptide from myelin basic protein in
different registers by two HLA-DR2 proteins." J. Mol. Biol., vol. 304,
pp. 177-188, Nov. 2000.
[23] L.K. Skov, U. Seppala, J.J. Coen, N. Crickmore, T.P. King, R.
Monsalve, J.S. Kastrup, M.D. Spangfort, and M. Gajhede, "Structure of
recombinant Ves v 2 at 2.0 Angstrom resolution: structural analysis of
an allergenic hyaluronidase from wasp venom." Acta. Crystallogr., vol.
62, pp. 595-604, 2006.
[24] A. Ben-Nun, H. Wekerle, and I.R. Cohen, "The rapid isolation of
clonable antigen specific T lymphocyte lines capable of mediating
autoimmune encephalitis." Eur. J. Immunol., vol. 11, pp. 195-199,
1981.
[25] A.M. Gautam, C.B. Lock, D.E. Smilek, C.L. Pearson, L. Steinman, and
H.O. McDevitt, "Minimum structural requirements for peptide
presentation by major histocompatibility complex class II molecules:
implication in induction of autoimmunity." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.,
vol. 91, pp. 767-771, 1994.
[1] A.P. Kohm, K.G. Fuller, and S.D. Miller, "Mimicking the way to
autoimmunity: an evolving theory of sequence and structural
homology," Trends. Microbiol., vol. 11, pp. 101-105, Mar. 2003.
[2] L. Klee and R. Zand, "Probable epitopes: Relationship between myelin
basic protein antigenic determinants and viral and bacterial proteins."
Neuroinformatics, vol. 2, pp. 59-70, Mar. 2004.
[3] E.D. Means, K.D. Barron, and B.J. Van Dyne, "Nervous system lesions
after sting by yellow jacket. A case report." Neurology, vol. 23, pp. 881-
890, Aug. 1973.
[4] P. Likittanasombut, R. Witoonpanich, and K. Viranuvatti,
"Encephalomyeloradiculopathy associated with wasp sting." J. Neurol.
Neurosurg. Psychiatry, vol. 74, pp. 134-135, Jan. 2003.
[5] C. Boz, S. Velioglu, and M. Ozmenoglu, "Acute disseminated
encephalomyelitis." Neuro. Sci., vol. 23, pp. 313-315, Feb. 2003.
[6] A. Pohl-Koppe, S.K. Burchett, E.A. Thiele, and D.A. Hafler, "Myelin
basic protein reactive Th2 T cells are found in acute disseminated
encephalomyelitis." J. Neuroimmunol., vol. 91, pp. 19-27, Nov. 1998.
[7] T.P. King, G. Lu, M. Gonzales, N. Qian, and L. Soldatova, "Yellow
jacket venom allergens, hyaluronidase and phospholipase: sequence
similarity and antigenic cross-reactivity with their hornet and wasp
homologs and possible implication for clinical allergy." J. Allergy. Clin.
Immunol., vol. 98, pp. 588-600, Sep. 1996.
[8] S. Brocke, A. Gaur, C. Piercy, A. Gautam, K. Gijbels, C.G. Fathman,
and L. Steinman, "Induction of relapsing paralysis in experimental
autoimmune encephalomyelitis by bacterial superantigen." Nature, vol.
365, pp. 642-644, Oct. 1993.
[9] S. Schwarz, A. Mohr, M. Knauth, B. Wildemann, and B. Storch-
Hagenlocher, "Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: A follow-up
study of 40 adult patients." Neurology, vol. 56, pp. 1313-1318, May
2001.
[10] R. Martin, D. Jaraquemada, M. Flerlage, J. Richert, J. Whitaker, E.O.
Long, D.E. McFarlin, and H.F. McFarland, "Fine specificity and HLA
restriction of myelin basic protein-specific cytotoxic T cell lines from
multiple sclerosis patients and healthy individuals." J. Immunol., vol.
145, pp. 540-548, July 1990.
[11] K.W. Wucherpfennig, A. Sette, S. Sourthwood, C. Oseroff, M. Matsui,
J.L. Strominger, D.A. Hafler, "Structural requirements for binding of an
immunodominant myelin basic protein peptide to DR2 isotypes and its
recognition by human T cell clones." J. Exp. Med., vol. 179, pp. 279-
290, Jan. 1994.
[12] K.W. Wucherpfennig, I. Catz, S. Hausmann, J.L. Strominger, L.
Steinman, and K.G. Warren, (1997) ÔÇ×Recognition of the
immunodominant myelin basic protein peptide by autoantibodies and
HLA-DR2 restricted T cell clones from multiple sclerosis patients:
identify of key contact residues in the B cell and T cell epitopes." J.
Clin. Invest., vol. 100, pp. 1114-1122, Sep. 1997.
[13] B. Gran, B. Hemmer, and R. Martin, "Molecular mimicry and multiple
sclerosis- a possible role for degenerate T cell recognition in the
induction of autoimmune responses." J. Neural. Transm. Suppl., vol.
55, pp. 19-31, 1999.
[14] The UniProt Consortium, "The Universal Protein Resource (UniProt)."
Nucleic. Acids. Res., vol. 36, pp. D190-D195, Jan. 2008.
[15] X. Huang, and W. Miller, "A time-efficient, linear-space local similarity
algorithm." Adv. Appl. Math., vol. 12, pp. 337-357, Sep. 1991.
[16] K.W. Wucherpfennig, and J.L. Strominger, "Molecular mimicry in T
cell-mediated autoimmunity: viral peptides activate human T cell clones
specific for myelin basic protein." Cell, vol. 80, pp. 695-705, Mar.
1995.
[17] K.J. Smith, J. Pyrdol, L. Gauthier, D.C. Wiley, and K.W.
Wucherpfennig, "Crystal structure of HLA-DR2 (DRA*0101,
DRB1*1501) complexed with a peptide from human myelin basic
protein." J. Exp. Med., vol. 188, pp. 1511-1520, Oct. 1998.
[18] Z. Markovic-Housley, G. Miglierini, L. Soldatova, P.J. Rizkallah, U.
M├╝ller, and T. Schirmer, "Crystal structure of hyaluronidase, a major
allergen of bee venom." Structure, vol. 8, pp. 1025-1035, Oct. 2000.
[19] A. Henriksen, T.P. King, O. Mirza, R.I. Monsalve, K. Meno, H. Ipsen,
J.N. Larsen, M. Gajhede, and M.D. Spangfort, "Major venom allergen
of yellow jackets, Ves v 5: structural characterization of a pathogenesisrelated
protein superfamily." Proteins, vol. 45, pp. 438-448, Dec. 2001.
[20] N. Guex, and M.C. Peitsch, "SWISS-MODEL and the Swiss-
PdbViewer: An environment for comparative protein modeling."
Electrophoresis, vol. 18, pp. 2714-2723, Dec. 1997.
[21] K. Gerritse, C. Deen, M. Fasbender, R. Ravid, W. Boersma, and E.
Claassen, "The involvement of specific anti myelin basic protein
antibody-forming cells in multiple sclerosis immunopathology." J.
Neuroimmunol., vol. 49, pp. 153-159, Jan. 1994.
[22] Y. Li, H. Li, R. Martin, and R.A. Mariuzza, "Structural basis for the
binding of an immunodominant peptide from myelin basic protein in
different registers by two HLA-DR2 proteins." J. Mol. Biol., vol. 304,
pp. 177-188, Nov. 2000.
[23] L.K. Skov, U. Seppala, J.J. Coen, N. Crickmore, T.P. King, R.
Monsalve, J.S. Kastrup, M.D. Spangfort, and M. Gajhede, "Structure of
recombinant Ves v 2 at 2.0 Angstrom resolution: structural analysis of
an allergenic hyaluronidase from wasp venom." Acta. Crystallogr., vol.
62, pp. 595-604, 2006.
[24] A. Ben-Nun, H. Wekerle, and I.R. Cohen, "The rapid isolation of
clonable antigen specific T lymphocyte lines capable of mediating
autoimmune encephalitis." Eur. J. Immunol., vol. 11, pp. 195-199,
1981.
[25] A.M. Gautam, C.B. Lock, D.E. Smilek, C.L. Pearson, L. Steinman, and
H.O. McDevitt, "Minimum structural requirements for peptide
presentation by major histocompatibility complex class II molecules:
implication in induction of autoimmunity." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.,
vol. 91, pp. 767-771, 1994.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:59517", author = "Permphan Dharmasaroja", title = "Wasp Venom Peptides may play a role in the Pathogenesis of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in Humans: A Structural Similarity Analysis", abstract = "Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) has
been reported to develop after a hymenoptera sting, but its
pathogenesis is not known in detail. Myelin basic protein (MBP)-
specific T cells have been detected in the blood of patients with
ADEM, and a proportion of these patients develop multiple sclerosis
(MS). In an attempt to understand the mechanisms underlying
ADEM, molecular mimicry between hymenoptera venom peptides
and the human immunodominant MBP peptide was scrutinized,
based on the sequence and structural similarities, whether it was the
root of the disease. The results suggest that the three wasp venom
peptides have low sequence homology with the human
immunodominant MBP residues 85-99. Structural similarity analysis
among the three venom peptides and the MS-related HLA-DR2b
(DRA, DRB1*1501)-associated immunodominant MHC
binding/TCR contact residues 88-93, VVHFFK showed that
hyaluronidase residues 7-12, phospholipase A1 residues 98-103, and
antigen 5 residues 109-114 showed a high degree of similarity
83.3%, 100%, and 83.3% respectively. In conclusion, some wasp
venom peptides, particularly phospholipase A1, may potentially act
as the molecular motifs of the human 3HLA-DR2b-associated
immunodominant MBP88-93, and possibly present a mechanism for
induction of wasp sting-associated ADEM.", keywords = "central nervous system, Hymenoptera, myelin basicprotein, molecular mimicry.", volume = "3", number = "12", pages = "562-5", }
