Using Ferry Access Points to Improve the Performance of Message Ferrying in Delay-Tolerant Networks
Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTNs) are sparse, wireless
networks where disconnections are common due to host mobility and
low node density. The Message Ferrying (MF) scheme is a mobilityassisted
paradigm to improve connectivity in DTN-like networks. A
ferry or message ferry is a special node in the network which has
a per-determined route in the deployed area and relays messages
between mobile hosts (MHs) which are intermittently connected.
Increased contact opportunities among mobile hosts and the ferry
improve the performance of the network, both in terms of message
delivery ratio and average end-end delay. However, due to the inherent
mobility of mobile hosts and pre-determined periodicity of the
message ferry, mobile hosts may often -miss- contact opportunities
with a ferry. In this paper, we propose the combination of stationary
ferry access points (FAPs) with MF routing to increase contact
opportunities between mobile hosts and the MF and consequently
improve the performance of the DTN. We also propose several
placement models for deploying FAPs on MF routes. We evaluate the
performance of the FAP placement models through comprehensive
simulation. Our findings show that FAPs do improve the performance
of MF-assisted DTNs and symmetric placement of FAPs outperforms
other placement strategies.
[1] K. Fall, A Delay-Tolerant Network Architecture for Challenged Internets,
in ACM SIGCOMM, August 2003.
[2] S. Jain, K. Fall and R. Patra, Routing in a Delay Tolerant Networking,
in ACM SIGCOMM, August/September 2004.
[3] I. Clarke, O. Sandberg, B. Wiley and T.W. Hong, Freenet: A Distributed
Anonymous Information Storage and Retrieval System, Lecture Notes
in Computer Science, 2009.
[4] D. Cavalcanti, D. Sadok and J. Kelner, Mobile Infostations: A Paradigm
for Wireless Data Communications, in Wireless and Optical Communications,
2002.
[5] N. Banerjee, M.D. Corner and B. N. Levine, An Energy Efficient Architecture
for DTN Throwboxes, in IEEE Infocom, May 2007.
[6] E.M. Royer and C.K. Toh, A Review of Current Routing Protocols for
Ad-hoc Mobile Wireless Networks, in IEEE Personal Communications,
pp. 46-55, 1999.
[7] UMassDieselNet: A Bus-based Disruption Tolerant Network,
http://prisms.cs.umass.edu/diesel/
[8] W. Zhao and M. Ammar, Message Ferrying: Proactive Routing in Highly
Partitioned Wireless Ad hoc Networks, in IEEE Workshop on Futrure
Trends in Distributed Computing Systems, May 2003.
[9] W. Zhao, M. Ammar and E. Zegura, A Message Ferrying Approach for
Data Delivery in Sparse Mobile Ad hoc Networks, in Proceedings of
the 5th ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad hoc Networking
and Computing, May 2004.
[10] M.B. Tariq, M. Ammar and E. Zegura, Message Ferry Route Design for
Sparse Ad hoc Networks with Mobile Nodes, in ACM MobiHoc, 2005.
[11] W. Zhao, M. Ammar and E. Zegura, Controlling the Mobility of Multiple
Data Transport Ferries in a Delay-Tolerant Network, in IEEE Infocom,
2005.
[12] J. Yang, Y. Chen, M. Ammar and C.K. Lee, Ferry Replacement Protocols
in Sparse Manet Message Ferrying Systems, College of Computing,
Georgia Tech, Tech. Rep., August 2004.
[13] A. Keranen, J. Ott and T. Karkkainen, The ONE Simulator for DTN
Protocol Evaluation, in SIMUTools -09: Proceedings of the 2nd
International Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques, 2009.
[1] K. Fall, A Delay-Tolerant Network Architecture for Challenged Internets,
in ACM SIGCOMM, August 2003.
[2] S. Jain, K. Fall and R. Patra, Routing in a Delay Tolerant Networking,
in ACM SIGCOMM, August/September 2004.
[3] I. Clarke, O. Sandberg, B. Wiley and T.W. Hong, Freenet: A Distributed
Anonymous Information Storage and Retrieval System, Lecture Notes
in Computer Science, 2009.
[4] D. Cavalcanti, D. Sadok and J. Kelner, Mobile Infostations: A Paradigm
for Wireless Data Communications, in Wireless and Optical Communications,
2002.
[5] N. Banerjee, M.D. Corner and B. N. Levine, An Energy Efficient Architecture
for DTN Throwboxes, in IEEE Infocom, May 2007.
[6] E.M. Royer and C.K. Toh, A Review of Current Routing Protocols for
Ad-hoc Mobile Wireless Networks, in IEEE Personal Communications,
pp. 46-55, 1999.
[7] UMassDieselNet: A Bus-based Disruption Tolerant Network,
http://prisms.cs.umass.edu/diesel/
[8] W. Zhao and M. Ammar, Message Ferrying: Proactive Routing in Highly
Partitioned Wireless Ad hoc Networks, in IEEE Workshop on Futrure
Trends in Distributed Computing Systems, May 2003.
[9] W. Zhao, M. Ammar and E. Zegura, A Message Ferrying Approach for
Data Delivery in Sparse Mobile Ad hoc Networks, in Proceedings of
the 5th ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad hoc Networking
and Computing, May 2004.
[10] M.B. Tariq, M. Ammar and E. Zegura, Message Ferry Route Design for
Sparse Ad hoc Networks with Mobile Nodes, in ACM MobiHoc, 2005.
[11] W. Zhao, M. Ammar and E. Zegura, Controlling the Mobility of Multiple
Data Transport Ferries in a Delay-Tolerant Network, in IEEE Infocom,
2005.
[12] J. Yang, Y. Chen, M. Ammar and C.K. Lee, Ferry Replacement Protocols
in Sparse Manet Message Ferrying Systems, College of Computing,
Georgia Tech, Tech. Rep., August 2004.
[13] A. Keranen, J. Ott and T. Karkkainen, The ONE Simulator for DTN
Protocol Evaluation, in SIMUTools -09: Proceedings of the 2nd
International Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques, 2009.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:55140", author = "Farzana Yasmeen and Md. Nurul Huda and Md. Enamul Haque and Michihiro Aoki and Shigeki Yamada", title = "Using Ferry Access Points to Improve the Performance of Message Ferrying in Delay-Tolerant Networks", abstract = "Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTNs) are sparse, wireless
networks where disconnections are common due to host mobility and
low node density. The Message Ferrying (MF) scheme is a mobilityassisted
paradigm to improve connectivity in DTN-like networks. A
ferry or message ferry is a special node in the network which has
a per-determined route in the deployed area and relays messages
between mobile hosts (MHs) which are intermittently connected.
Increased contact opportunities among mobile hosts and the ferry
improve the performance of the network, both in terms of message
delivery ratio and average end-end delay. However, due to the inherent
mobility of mobile hosts and pre-determined periodicity of the
message ferry, mobile hosts may often -miss- contact opportunities
with a ferry. In this paper, we propose the combination of stationary
ferry access points (FAPs) with MF routing to increase contact
opportunities between mobile hosts and the MF and consequently
improve the performance of the DTN. We also propose several
placement models for deploying FAPs on MF routes. We evaluate the
performance of the FAP placement models through comprehensive
simulation. Our findings show that FAPs do improve the performance
of MF-assisted DTNs and symmetric placement of FAPs outperforms
other placement strategies.", keywords = "Service infrastructure, delay-tolerant network, messageferry routing, placement models.", volume = "5", number = "8", pages = "1029-7", }