Use of GIS for the Performance Evaluation of Canal Irrigation System in Rice Wheat Cropping Zone
The research study evaluated the performance of
irrigation system by using special scientific tools like Remote
Sensing and GIS technology, so that proper measurements could be
taken for the sustainable agriculture and water management.
Different performance evaluation parameters had been calculated for
the purposed data was gathered from field investigation and different
government and private organizations. According to the calculations,
organic matter ranges from 0.19% (low value) to 0.76% (high value).
In flat irrigation system for wheat yield ranges from 3347.16 to
5260.39 kg/ha, while the total water applied to wheat crop ranges
from 252.94 to 279.19 mm and WUE ranges from 13.07 to 18.37
kg/ha/mm. For rice yield ranges from 3347.47 to 5433.07 kg/ha with
total water supplied to rice crop ranges from 764.71 to 978.15 mm
and WUE ranges from 3.49 to 5.71 kg/ha/mm. Similarly, in raised
bed system wheat yield ranges from 4569.13 to 6008.60 kg/ha, total
water supplied ranges from 158.87 to 185.09 mm and WUE ranges
from 27.20 to 33.54 kg/ha/mm while in rice crop, yield ranges from
5285.04 to 6716.69 kg/ha, total water supplied ranges from 600.72 to
755.06 mm and WUE ranges from 6.41 to 10.05 kg/ha/mm. Almost
51.3% water saving is observed in bed irrigation system as compared
to flat system. Less water supplied to beds is more affective as its
WUE value is higher than flat system where more water is supplied
in both the seasons. Similarly, RWS values show that maximum
water deficit while minimum area is getting adequate water supply.
Greater yield is recorded in bed system as plant per square meter is
more in bed system in comparison of flat system Thus, the integration
of GIS tools to regularly compute performance indices could provide
irrigation managers with the means for managing efficiently the
irrigation system.
[1] Abernethy, C.L. 1989. Indicators of the performance of irrigation
distribution systems. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on the
Performance Evaluation of Irrigation Systems. International Irrigation
Management Institute (IIMI), Colombo, 23 November 1989.
[2] Ahmad, I. and S. Iram. 2004. Diversity of bipolaris sorokiniana isolates
from wheat growing areas under rice-wheat cropping system in Punjab,
Pakistan. Pak. J. Bot., 36: 439-444.
[3] Ahmad, M.D., W.G.M Bastiaanssen and R.A. Feddes. 2005. A new
technique to estimate net groundwater use across large irrigated areas by
combining remote sensing and water balance approaches, Rechna Doab,
Pakistan. Hydrogeology Journal, 13: 653-664.
[4] Ahmad, M.D., H. Turral and A. Nazeer. 2009. Diagnosing irrigation
performance and water productivity through satellite remote sensing and
secondary data in a large irrigation system of Pakistan. Agric. W.
Mangt., 96: 551-564.
[5] Akbari, M., N. Toomanian, P. Droogers, W. Bastiaanssen and A.
Gieske.2007. Monitoring irrigation performance in Esfahan, Iran, using
NOAA satellite imagery. Agricultural Water Management, 88: 99-109.
[6] Allen, R.G. and W.O. Pruitt. 1986. Rational use of the FAO Blaney-
Criddle formula. J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. Div.ASCE, 112: 139-155.
[7] Anonymous. 2008-09. Economic Survey of Pakistan. Ministry of Food,
Agriculture and Livestock, Economic Advisor Wing, Islamabad,
Pakistan.
[8] Bastiaanssen, W.G.M. and M.G. Bos. 1999. Irrigation performance
indicators based on remotely sensed data: a review of literature.
Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 13: 291-311.
[9] Bos, M. G., D. H. Murray-Rust, D. J. Merry, H. G. Johnson and W. B.
Snellen. 1994. Methodologies for assessing performance of irrigation
and drainage management. Irr. and Drain. Systems, 7: 231-261.
[10] Bos, M.G., M.A. Burton and D.J. Molden. 2005. Irrigation and Drainage
Performance Assessment: Practical Guidelines. CABI Publishing, UK,
pp. 158.
[11] Bos, M.G. and J. Nugteren. 1974. On Irrigation Efficiencies,
International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement
(ILRI).Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp. 138.
[12] Burt, C.M., A.J. Clemmens, T.S. Strelkoff, K.H. Solomon, R.D.
Bliesner, L.A. Hardy, T.A. Howell and D.E. Eisenhauer. 1997. Irrigation
performance measures: efficiency and uniformity 377. Journal of
Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 123: 423-442.
[13] Clemmens, A.J. and M.G. Bos. 1990. Statistical methods for irrigation
system delivery performance evaluation. Irrigation and Drainage
Systems, 4: 345-365.
[14] Clemmens, A.J. and C.M. Burt. 1997. Accuracy of irrigation efficiency
estimates. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 123: 443-453.
[15] Desai, N.B., O.T. Gulati and K.G. Rathod. 1994. The Mahi Right Bank
Canal Project, Performance Details. Mahi Irrigation Circle, Nadiad,
Gujarat, India.
[16] GOP. 2008-09. Pakistan Economic Survey. Government of Pakistan,
Finance Division, Economic Adviser-s Wing, Islamabad, Pakistan.
[17] Hobbs, P.R. and R.K. Gupta. 2001. Rice-Wheat Cropping Systems in the
Indo-Gangetic Plains: Issues of Water Productivity in Relation to New
Resource Conserving Technologies. Paper presented at a Water
productivity workshop held at IWMI. November 15-16th, 2001.
Colombo, Sri Lanka.
[18] Jensen, M.E. 1977. Water Conservation and Irrigation Systems: Climate
Tech. Sem. Proc., Columbia, MO.
[19] Levin, G. 1982. Relative water supply: An explanatory variable for
irrigation systems. Technical report no. 6, Cornell University, Ithaca,
New York, USA.
[20] Molden, D. 1997. Accounting for Water Use and Productivity SWIM
Paper 1. International Irrigation Management Institute (IIMI), Colombo,
Sri Lanka.
[21] Rao, P.S. 1993. Review of Selected Literature on Indicators of Irrigation
Performance, International Irrigation Management Institute, Colombo,
Sri Lanka. pp: 75.
[22] Ray, S.S., V.K. Dadhwal and R.R. Navalgund. 2002. Performance
evaluation of an irrigation command area using remote sensing:a case
study of Mhai command, Gujarat, India. Agric. Water Mangt., 56: 81-
91.
[23] Tuong, T.P. and S. I. Bhuiyan. 1994. Innovations toward improving
after-use efficiency of rice. Paper presented at the World Water
Resources Seminar, 13-15 December 1994, Lansdowne Conference
Resort, Virginia, USA.
[1] Abernethy, C.L. 1989. Indicators of the performance of irrigation
distribution systems. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on the
Performance Evaluation of Irrigation Systems. International Irrigation
Management Institute (IIMI), Colombo, 23 November 1989.
[2] Ahmad, I. and S. Iram. 2004. Diversity of bipolaris sorokiniana isolates
from wheat growing areas under rice-wheat cropping system in Punjab,
Pakistan. Pak. J. Bot., 36: 439-444.
[3] Ahmad, M.D., W.G.M Bastiaanssen and R.A. Feddes. 2005. A new
technique to estimate net groundwater use across large irrigated areas by
combining remote sensing and water balance approaches, Rechna Doab,
Pakistan. Hydrogeology Journal, 13: 653-664.
[4] Ahmad, M.D., H. Turral and A. Nazeer. 2009. Diagnosing irrigation
performance and water productivity through satellite remote sensing and
secondary data in a large irrigation system of Pakistan. Agric. W.
Mangt., 96: 551-564.
[5] Akbari, M., N. Toomanian, P. Droogers, W. Bastiaanssen and A.
Gieske.2007. Monitoring irrigation performance in Esfahan, Iran, using
NOAA satellite imagery. Agricultural Water Management, 88: 99-109.
[6] Allen, R.G. and W.O. Pruitt. 1986. Rational use of the FAO Blaney-
Criddle formula. J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. Div.ASCE, 112: 139-155.
[7] Anonymous. 2008-09. Economic Survey of Pakistan. Ministry of Food,
Agriculture and Livestock, Economic Advisor Wing, Islamabad,
Pakistan.
[8] Bastiaanssen, W.G.M. and M.G. Bos. 1999. Irrigation performance
indicators based on remotely sensed data: a review of literature.
Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 13: 291-311.
[9] Bos, M. G., D. H. Murray-Rust, D. J. Merry, H. G. Johnson and W. B.
Snellen. 1994. Methodologies for assessing performance of irrigation
and drainage management. Irr. and Drain. Systems, 7: 231-261.
[10] Bos, M.G., M.A. Burton and D.J. Molden. 2005. Irrigation and Drainage
Performance Assessment: Practical Guidelines. CABI Publishing, UK,
pp. 158.
[11] Bos, M.G. and J. Nugteren. 1974. On Irrigation Efficiencies,
International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement
(ILRI).Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp. 138.
[12] Burt, C.M., A.J. Clemmens, T.S. Strelkoff, K.H. Solomon, R.D.
Bliesner, L.A. Hardy, T.A. Howell and D.E. Eisenhauer. 1997. Irrigation
performance measures: efficiency and uniformity 377. Journal of
Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 123: 423-442.
[13] Clemmens, A.J. and M.G. Bos. 1990. Statistical methods for irrigation
system delivery performance evaluation. Irrigation and Drainage
Systems, 4: 345-365.
[14] Clemmens, A.J. and C.M. Burt. 1997. Accuracy of irrigation efficiency
estimates. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 123: 443-453.
[15] Desai, N.B., O.T. Gulati and K.G. Rathod. 1994. The Mahi Right Bank
Canal Project, Performance Details. Mahi Irrigation Circle, Nadiad,
Gujarat, India.
[16] GOP. 2008-09. Pakistan Economic Survey. Government of Pakistan,
Finance Division, Economic Adviser-s Wing, Islamabad, Pakistan.
[17] Hobbs, P.R. and R.K. Gupta. 2001. Rice-Wheat Cropping Systems in the
Indo-Gangetic Plains: Issues of Water Productivity in Relation to New
Resource Conserving Technologies. Paper presented at a Water
productivity workshop held at IWMI. November 15-16th, 2001.
Colombo, Sri Lanka.
[18] Jensen, M.E. 1977. Water Conservation and Irrigation Systems: Climate
Tech. Sem. Proc., Columbia, MO.
[19] Levin, G. 1982. Relative water supply: An explanatory variable for
irrigation systems. Technical report no. 6, Cornell University, Ithaca,
New York, USA.
[20] Molden, D. 1997. Accounting for Water Use and Productivity SWIM
Paper 1. International Irrigation Management Institute (IIMI), Colombo,
Sri Lanka.
[21] Rao, P.S. 1993. Review of Selected Literature on Indicators of Irrigation
Performance, International Irrigation Management Institute, Colombo,
Sri Lanka. pp: 75.
[22] Ray, S.S., V.K. Dadhwal and R.R. Navalgund. 2002. Performance
evaluation of an irrigation command area using remote sensing:a case
study of Mhai command, Gujarat, India. Agric. Water Mangt., 56: 81-
91.
[23] Tuong, T.P. and S. I. Bhuiyan. 1994. Innovations toward improving
after-use efficiency of rice. Paper presented at the World Water
Resources Seminar, 13-15 December 1994, Lansdowne Conference
Resort, Virginia, USA.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:53899", author = "Umm-e- Kalsoom and M. Arshad and Sadia Iqbal and M. Usman and M. Adnan", title = "Use of GIS for the Performance Evaluation of Canal Irrigation System in Rice Wheat Cropping Zone", abstract = "The research study evaluated the performance of
irrigation system by using special scientific tools like Remote
Sensing and GIS technology, so that proper measurements could be
taken for the sustainable agriculture and water management.
Different performance evaluation parameters had been calculated for
the purposed data was gathered from field investigation and different
government and private organizations. According to the calculations,
organic matter ranges from 0.19% (low value) to 0.76% (high value).
In flat irrigation system for wheat yield ranges from 3347.16 to
5260.39 kg/ha, while the total water applied to wheat crop ranges
from 252.94 to 279.19 mm and WUE ranges from 13.07 to 18.37
kg/ha/mm. For rice yield ranges from 3347.47 to 5433.07 kg/ha with
total water supplied to rice crop ranges from 764.71 to 978.15 mm
and WUE ranges from 3.49 to 5.71 kg/ha/mm. Similarly, in raised
bed system wheat yield ranges from 4569.13 to 6008.60 kg/ha, total
water supplied ranges from 158.87 to 185.09 mm and WUE ranges
from 27.20 to 33.54 kg/ha/mm while in rice crop, yield ranges from
5285.04 to 6716.69 kg/ha, total water supplied ranges from 600.72 to
755.06 mm and WUE ranges from 6.41 to 10.05 kg/ha/mm. Almost
51.3% water saving is observed in bed irrigation system as compared
to flat system. Less water supplied to beds is more affective as its
WUE value is higher than flat system where more water is supplied
in both the seasons. Similarly, RWS values show that maximum
water deficit while minimum area is getting adequate water supply.
Greater yield is recorded in bed system as plant per square meter is
more in bed system in comparison of flat system Thus, the integration
of GIS tools to regularly compute performance indices could provide
irrigation managers with the means for managing efficiently the
irrigation system.", keywords = "Field survey, Relative Water Supply (RWS), Remote
sensing maps, Water Use Efficiency (WUE).", volume = "6", number = "12", pages = "1087-12", }