Treatment of Chrome Tannery Wastewater by Biological Process - A Mini Review
Chrome tannery wastewater causes serious environmental hazard due to its high pollution potential. As a result, rigorous treatment is necessary for abatement of pollution from this type of wastewater. There are many research studies on chrome tannery wastewater treatment in the field of physical, chemical, and biological methods. In general, biological treatment process is found ineffective for direct application because of adverse effects by toxic chromium, sulphide, chloride etc. However, biological methods were employed mainly for a few sub processes generating significant amount of organic matter and without chromium, chlorides etc. In this context the present paper reviews the characteristics feature and pollution potential of wastewater generated from chrome tannery units and treatment of the same. The different biological processes used earlier and their chronological development for treatment of the chrome tannery wastewater are thoroughly reviewed in this paper. In this regard, the scope of hybrid bioreactor - an advanced technology option has also been explored, as this kind of treatment is well suited for the wastewater having inhibitory substances.
[1] Artiga, P, Oyanedel, V, Garrldo, J.M. and Mendez, R, An innovative
biofilm-suspended biomass hybrid membrane. Desalination, 2005, 179,
pp 171-179.
[2] Ayoub, G M., Hamzeh, A., and Semerjian, L, Post treatment of tannery
wastewater using lime/bittern coagulation and activated carbon
adsorption. Desalination, 2011, 273, pp 359–65.
[3] Azimi, A, A, Hooshyari, B, Hrdadi, N and Bidhendi, Gnnabi, Enhanced
cod and nutrient removal efficiency in a hybrid integrated fixed film
activated sludge process. Iranian Journal of Science & Technology,
Transaction B, Engineering, 2007, 31, pp 523-533.
[4] Banu Rajesh J and Kaliappan, Treatment of tannery wastewater using
hybrid upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. J Environ Eng. Sci,
2007 6,pp 415-421.
[5] Bera Debabrata, Chattopadhyay Parimal, & Ray Lalitarauri, Continuous
removal of chromium from tannery wastewater using activated sludge
process - Determination of kinetic parameters. Indian Journal of
Chemical Technology, 2012, 19, pp 32-36.
[6] Cristina S. C. Calheiros, Anouk F. Duque, Alexandra, Moura, Isabel, S.
Henriques, Antonio Correia, Antonio O. S. S. Rangel and Paula M.L.
Castro, Changes in the bacterial community structure in two-stage
constructed wetlands with different plants for industrial wastewater
treatment. Bioresource Technology, 2009, 100, pp 3228–3235.
[7] Cristina, S. C., Calheiros, Antonio, O. S. S, Rangel, and Paula, M.L.
Castro, Constructed wetland systems vegetated with different plants
applied to the treatment of tannery wastewater. Water Research, 2007
41, pp.1790 – 1798.
[8] Dotro Gabriela, Castro Silvana, Tujchneider Ofelia, Piovano Nancy,
Paris Marta, Faggi Ana, Palazolo Paul, Larsen Daniel, Mitch Mark,
Performance of pilot-scale constructed wetlands for secondary
treatment of chromium-bearing tannery wastewaters, Journal of
Hazardous Materials 2012, 239-240, pp 142-151.
[9] Di Iaconi C, Lopez A, Ramadori R, Di Pinto A.C,and Passino R,
Combined Chemical and Biological degradation of tannery wastewater
by a periodic submerged filter (SBBR), Water Research, 2002, 36, pp
2205–14.
[10] Durai G, Rajamohan N, Karthikeyan C and Rajasimman M, Kinetics
Studies on Biological Treatment of Tannery Wastewater Using Mixed
Culture. International Journal of Chemical and Biological Engineering,
2010, 3(2), pp 105-109.
[11] Durai G, and Rajasimman M Biological treatment of Tannery
wastewater - A review, Journal of Environmental Science and
Technology, 2011, 4(1), pp1-17.
[12] Dutta, S. S An introduction to the principles of leather manufacture, 4th
Edn. Indian Leather Technologists Association, Calcutta (2000).
[13] Eckenfelder Jr. and Wesley, W. (2000), Industrial Water Pollution
Control, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill Book Company, Singapore (2000).
[14] El-fadel M, Abou-ibrahim A, and Ayob G. Aerobic hybrid growth
process modeling: A parametric sensitivity analysis. Proceedings of
International Symposium on Environmental Pollution Control and Waste
Management, Tunis (EPCOWM’2002), 2002, pp -333-348.
[15] El-Sheikh Mahmoud A, Hazem I, Saleh J, Flora R, MahmoudR, and
Abdel-Ghany, Biological tannery wastewater treatment using two stage
UASB reactors. Desalination, 2011, 276, pp 253–9.
[16] Espantaleon A. G, Nieto J. A, Fernande M, and Marsal A, Use of
activated clays in the removal of dyes and surfactants from tannery
waste waters, Applied Clay Science, 2003, 24, pp-105–110.
[17] Farabegoli G, Carucci A, Majone M, and Rolle E, Biological treatment
of tannery wastewater in the presence of chromium, Journal of
Environmental Management, 2004, 71, pp 345–9.
[18] Fouad, Moharram and Bhargava, Renu, Mathematical Model for the
Biofilm–Activated Sludge Reactor, Journal of Environmental
Engineering. 2005, 131, pp 557-562.
[19] Ganesh R, Balaji G, and Ramanujam R. A, Biodegradation of tannery
wastewater using sequencing batch reactor - respirometric assessment,
Bioresource Technology, 2006, 97, 1815–21.
[20] Gebara Farida, Activated sludge biofilm wastewater treatment system,
Water Research, 1999, 33(1), pp 230-238.
[21] Genschow Elke, Hegemann Werner, and Maschke Christian, Biological
sulfate removal from tannery wastewater in a two-stage anaerobic
treatment, Water. Research, 1996 30(9), pp 2072-2078.
[22] Görgün Erdem, Insel Guclu, Artan Nazik and Orhon Derin: Model
evaluation of temperature dependency for carbon and nitrogen removal
in a full-scale activated sludge plant treating leather-tanning
wastewater, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, PartA:
Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering, 2007, 42,
pp 747–756.
[23] Govindasamy P, Madhavan SD, Revathi S, and Shanmugam, P
Performance Evaluation of Common Effluent Treatment Plant for
Tanneries at Pallavaram CETP, Journal of Environ. science & Engg,
2006, 478, (43), pp 213-220.
[24] Haydar, S and Aziz J. A, Kinetic Coefficients for the Biological
Treatment of Tannery Wastewater Using Activated Sludge Process, Pak.
J. Engg. & Appl. Sci., 2009, 5, pp 39-43.
[25] Haydar S, Aziz J. A, and Ahmad M. S, Biological Treatment of Tannery
Wastewater using Activated Sludge process, Pakistan Journal of
Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2007, 1, pp 61-66.
[26] Lee Chi-Yuane, Model for biological reactors having suspended and
attached growths, Journal of Environmental Engineering, 1992, 118, pp
982-987.
[27] Lefebvre O, Vasudevan N, Torrijosa M, Thanasekaran K, and Moletta
R, Halophilic biological treatment of tannery soak liquor in a
sequencing batch reactor, Water Research, 2005, 39, pp 1471–1480.
[28] Lefebvre, O., Vasudevan, N., Torrijosa, M., Thanasekaran, K. and
Moletta, R, Anaerobic digestion of tannery soak liquor with an aerobic
post-treatment. Water Research, 2006, 40, pp 1492–500.
[29] Leta S, Assefa F, Gumaelius L. and Dalhammar G, Biological nitrogen
and organic matter removal from tannery wastewater in pilot plant
operations in Ethiopia. Applied Microbiology Biotechnology, 2004, 66,
pp 333–9.
[30] Li Choa, Ji Min, Li Xianli, and Wang Mengshu, Municipal Wastewater
Treatment in a New Type Bio-carrier Reactor, Procedia Environmental
Sciences, 2011, 10, pp 962-967.
[31] Mannucci A, Munz G, Mori G, and Lubello C, Anaerobic treatment of
vegetable tannery wastewaters: a review, Desalination, 2010, 264, pp 1–
8.
[32] Mazumder D, Mukherjee S, and Ray P. K, Treatment of tannery waste
water in a hybrid bioreactor. International Journal of Environment and
Pollution, 2008, 34, pp 43-56.
[33] Min K. S, Yu J. J, Kim Y. J, and Yun Z, Removal of ammonium from
tannery wastewater by electrochemical treatment, Journal of
Environmental Science and Health, 2004, 39, pp 1867–79.
[34] Molina A, Gallego Roca, J. A Mendoza, Aguado D-Aleixandre, M. V
Galiana, Reducing pollution from the deliming–baiting operation in a
tannery. Wastewater reuse by microfiltration membranes. Chem. Eng.
Res. Des, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2012.08.003.
[35] Munz G, Gori R, Cammilli L and Lubello C, Characterization of
tannery wastewater and biomass in a membrane bioreactor using
respirometric analysis, Bioresource Technology, 2008, 99, pp 8612–8.
[36] Orhon D, Ates Genceli E and Ubay Cokgor E, Characterization and
modelling of activated sludge for tannery wastewater, Water
Environment Research, 1999, pp 50–63.
[37] Pramod W, Ramteke S, Awasthi S, Srinath T and Joseph, Babu,
Efficiency assessment of Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP)
treating tannery effluents, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,
2010, 169, pp 125-131.
[38] Ram B, Bajpai P. K, and Parwana H.K, Kinetics of chrome-tannery
effluent treatment by the activated sludge system, Process Biochemistry,
1999, 35, pp 255–65.
[39] Rao N. N, Somasekhar K. M, Kaul S. N, and Szpyrkoicz, L,
Electrochemical oxidation of tannery wastewater, Journal of Chemical
Technology and Biotechnology, 2001, 76, pp 1124–31.
[40] Roy Utpal Singha, Goswami Abhishek Roy, Aich Anulipi,
Chattopadhya B, Dutta S, and Mukhopadhyay S. K, Changes in
physicochemical characteristics of wastewater carrying canals after
relocation of Calcutta tannery agglomerates within the East Calcutta
Wetland ecosystem (a Ramsar site), International Journal of
Environmental Studies, 2013 70, pp 203-221.
[41] Sarkar, K.T Theory and Practice of Leather Manufacture, Indian Leather
Technologist Association, Calcutta, (1981).
[42] Song Z, Williams C.J, and Edyvean R. G. J, Treatment of tannery
wastewater by chemical coagulation, Desalination, 2004, 164, pp 249–
59.
[43] Subramani, T and Haribalaji D, Biodegradation of Tannery Effluent and
Designing the reactor Clarifier and Activated sludge process,
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research, 2012, 2(3), pp
774-781.
[44] Sundarapandiyan S, Chandrasekar R, Ramanaiah B, Krishnan S, and
Saravanan P, Electrochemical oxidation and reuse of tannery saline
wastewater. Journal of Hazardous Material, 2010, 180, pp 197–203.
[45] Szpyrkowicz Lidia and Kaul Santosh N Biochemical removal of
nitrogen from tannery wastewater: performance and stability of a fullscale
plant, J Chem Technol Biotechnol, 2004, 79, pp 879–888.
[46] Szpyrkowicz L, Kelsall G.H, Kaoul S. N, and De Faveri, M.,
Performance of electro-chemical reactor for treatment of tannery
wastewaters, Chemical Engineering Science, 2001 56, pp 1579–86.
[47] Tare Vinod,Gupta Sandeep, and Bose Purnendu, Case Studies on
Biological Treatment of Tannery Effluents in India, Journal of the Air
and Waste Management Association, 2001 53, pp 976-982.
[48] Wiemann Matthias, Schenk Harm, and Hegemannm Werner, Anaerobic
treatment of tannery wastewater with simultaneous sulphide elimination,
Water Research, 1998, 32(3),pp 774-780.
[1] Artiga, P, Oyanedel, V, Garrldo, J.M. and Mendez, R, An innovative
biofilm-suspended biomass hybrid membrane. Desalination, 2005, 179,
pp 171-179.
[2] Ayoub, G M., Hamzeh, A., and Semerjian, L, Post treatment of tannery
wastewater using lime/bittern coagulation and activated carbon
adsorption. Desalination, 2011, 273, pp 359–65.
[3] Azimi, A, A, Hooshyari, B, Hrdadi, N and Bidhendi, Gnnabi, Enhanced
cod and nutrient removal efficiency in a hybrid integrated fixed film
activated sludge process. Iranian Journal of Science & Technology,
Transaction B, Engineering, 2007, 31, pp 523-533.
[4] Banu Rajesh J and Kaliappan, Treatment of tannery wastewater using
hybrid upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. J Environ Eng. Sci,
2007 6,pp 415-421.
[5] Bera Debabrata, Chattopadhyay Parimal, & Ray Lalitarauri, Continuous
removal of chromium from tannery wastewater using activated sludge
process - Determination of kinetic parameters. Indian Journal of
Chemical Technology, 2012, 19, pp 32-36.
[6] Cristina S. C. Calheiros, Anouk F. Duque, Alexandra, Moura, Isabel, S.
Henriques, Antonio Correia, Antonio O. S. S. Rangel and Paula M.L.
Castro, Changes in the bacterial community structure in two-stage
constructed wetlands with different plants for industrial wastewater
treatment. Bioresource Technology, 2009, 100, pp 3228–3235.
[7] Cristina, S. C., Calheiros, Antonio, O. S. S, Rangel, and Paula, M.L.
Castro, Constructed wetland systems vegetated with different plants
applied to the treatment of tannery wastewater. Water Research, 2007
41, pp.1790 – 1798.
[8] Dotro Gabriela, Castro Silvana, Tujchneider Ofelia, Piovano Nancy,
Paris Marta, Faggi Ana, Palazolo Paul, Larsen Daniel, Mitch Mark,
Performance of pilot-scale constructed wetlands for secondary
treatment of chromium-bearing tannery wastewaters, Journal of
Hazardous Materials 2012, 239-240, pp 142-151.
[9] Di Iaconi C, Lopez A, Ramadori R, Di Pinto A.C,and Passino R,
Combined Chemical and Biological degradation of tannery wastewater
by a periodic submerged filter (SBBR), Water Research, 2002, 36, pp
2205–14.
[10] Durai G, Rajamohan N, Karthikeyan C and Rajasimman M, Kinetics
Studies on Biological Treatment of Tannery Wastewater Using Mixed
Culture. International Journal of Chemical and Biological Engineering,
2010, 3(2), pp 105-109.
[11] Durai G, and Rajasimman M Biological treatment of Tannery
wastewater - A review, Journal of Environmental Science and
Technology, 2011, 4(1), pp1-17.
[12] Dutta, S. S An introduction to the principles of leather manufacture, 4th
Edn. Indian Leather Technologists Association, Calcutta (2000).
[13] Eckenfelder Jr. and Wesley, W. (2000), Industrial Water Pollution
Control, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill Book Company, Singapore (2000).
[14] El-fadel M, Abou-ibrahim A, and Ayob G. Aerobic hybrid growth
process modeling: A parametric sensitivity analysis. Proceedings of
International Symposium on Environmental Pollution Control and Waste
Management, Tunis (EPCOWM’2002), 2002, pp -333-348.
[15] El-Sheikh Mahmoud A, Hazem I, Saleh J, Flora R, MahmoudR, and
Abdel-Ghany, Biological tannery wastewater treatment using two stage
UASB reactors. Desalination, 2011, 276, pp 253–9.
[16] Espantaleon A. G, Nieto J. A, Fernande M, and Marsal A, Use of
activated clays in the removal of dyes and surfactants from tannery
waste waters, Applied Clay Science, 2003, 24, pp-105–110.
[17] Farabegoli G, Carucci A, Majone M, and Rolle E, Biological treatment
of tannery wastewater in the presence of chromium, Journal of
Environmental Management, 2004, 71, pp 345–9.
[18] Fouad, Moharram and Bhargava, Renu, Mathematical Model for the
Biofilm–Activated Sludge Reactor, Journal of Environmental
Engineering. 2005, 131, pp 557-562.
[19] Ganesh R, Balaji G, and Ramanujam R. A, Biodegradation of tannery
wastewater using sequencing batch reactor - respirometric assessment,
Bioresource Technology, 2006, 97, 1815–21.
[20] Gebara Farida, Activated sludge biofilm wastewater treatment system,
Water Research, 1999, 33(1), pp 230-238.
[21] Genschow Elke, Hegemann Werner, and Maschke Christian, Biological
sulfate removal from tannery wastewater in a two-stage anaerobic
treatment, Water. Research, 1996 30(9), pp 2072-2078.
[22] Görgün Erdem, Insel Guclu, Artan Nazik and Orhon Derin: Model
evaluation of temperature dependency for carbon and nitrogen removal
in a full-scale activated sludge plant treating leather-tanning
wastewater, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, PartA:
Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering, 2007, 42,
pp 747–756.
[23] Govindasamy P, Madhavan SD, Revathi S, and Shanmugam, P
Performance Evaluation of Common Effluent Treatment Plant for
Tanneries at Pallavaram CETP, Journal of Environ. science & Engg,
2006, 478, (43), pp 213-220.
[24] Haydar, S and Aziz J. A, Kinetic Coefficients for the Biological
Treatment of Tannery Wastewater Using Activated Sludge Process, Pak.
J. Engg. & Appl. Sci., 2009, 5, pp 39-43.
[25] Haydar S, Aziz J. A, and Ahmad M. S, Biological Treatment of Tannery
Wastewater using Activated Sludge process, Pakistan Journal of
Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2007, 1, pp 61-66.
[26] Lee Chi-Yuane, Model for biological reactors having suspended and
attached growths, Journal of Environmental Engineering, 1992, 118, pp
982-987.
[27] Lefebvre O, Vasudevan N, Torrijosa M, Thanasekaran K, and Moletta
R, Halophilic biological treatment of tannery soak liquor in a
sequencing batch reactor, Water Research, 2005, 39, pp 1471–1480.
[28] Lefebvre, O., Vasudevan, N., Torrijosa, M., Thanasekaran, K. and
Moletta, R, Anaerobic digestion of tannery soak liquor with an aerobic
post-treatment. Water Research, 2006, 40, pp 1492–500.
[29] Leta S, Assefa F, Gumaelius L. and Dalhammar G, Biological nitrogen
and organic matter removal from tannery wastewater in pilot plant
operations in Ethiopia. Applied Microbiology Biotechnology, 2004, 66,
pp 333–9.
[30] Li Choa, Ji Min, Li Xianli, and Wang Mengshu, Municipal Wastewater
Treatment in a New Type Bio-carrier Reactor, Procedia Environmental
Sciences, 2011, 10, pp 962-967.
[31] Mannucci A, Munz G, Mori G, and Lubello C, Anaerobic treatment of
vegetable tannery wastewaters: a review, Desalination, 2010, 264, pp 1–
8.
[32] Mazumder D, Mukherjee S, and Ray P. K, Treatment of tannery waste
water in a hybrid bioreactor. International Journal of Environment and
Pollution, 2008, 34, pp 43-56.
[33] Min K. S, Yu J. J, Kim Y. J, and Yun Z, Removal of ammonium from
tannery wastewater by electrochemical treatment, Journal of
Environmental Science and Health, 2004, 39, pp 1867–79.
[34] Molina A, Gallego Roca, J. A Mendoza, Aguado D-Aleixandre, M. V
Galiana, Reducing pollution from the deliming–baiting operation in a
tannery. Wastewater reuse by microfiltration membranes. Chem. Eng.
Res. Des, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2012.08.003.
[35] Munz G, Gori R, Cammilli L and Lubello C, Characterization of
tannery wastewater and biomass in a membrane bioreactor using
respirometric analysis, Bioresource Technology, 2008, 99, pp 8612–8.
[36] Orhon D, Ates Genceli E and Ubay Cokgor E, Characterization and
modelling of activated sludge for tannery wastewater, Water
Environment Research, 1999, pp 50–63.
[37] Pramod W, Ramteke S, Awasthi S, Srinath T and Joseph, Babu,
Efficiency assessment of Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP)
treating tannery effluents, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,
2010, 169, pp 125-131.
[38] Ram B, Bajpai P. K, and Parwana H.K, Kinetics of chrome-tannery
effluent treatment by the activated sludge system, Process Biochemistry,
1999, 35, pp 255–65.
[39] Rao N. N, Somasekhar K. M, Kaul S. N, and Szpyrkoicz, L,
Electrochemical oxidation of tannery wastewater, Journal of Chemical
Technology and Biotechnology, 2001, 76, pp 1124–31.
[40] Roy Utpal Singha, Goswami Abhishek Roy, Aich Anulipi,
Chattopadhya B, Dutta S, and Mukhopadhyay S. K, Changes in
physicochemical characteristics of wastewater carrying canals after
relocation of Calcutta tannery agglomerates within the East Calcutta
Wetland ecosystem (a Ramsar site), International Journal of
Environmental Studies, 2013 70, pp 203-221.
[41] Sarkar, K.T Theory and Practice of Leather Manufacture, Indian Leather
Technologist Association, Calcutta, (1981).
[42] Song Z, Williams C.J, and Edyvean R. G. J, Treatment of tannery
wastewater by chemical coagulation, Desalination, 2004, 164, pp 249–
59.
[43] Subramani, T and Haribalaji D, Biodegradation of Tannery Effluent and
Designing the reactor Clarifier and Activated sludge process,
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research, 2012, 2(3), pp
774-781.
[44] Sundarapandiyan S, Chandrasekar R, Ramanaiah B, Krishnan S, and
Saravanan P, Electrochemical oxidation and reuse of tannery saline
wastewater. Journal of Hazardous Material, 2010, 180, pp 197–203.
[45] Szpyrkowicz Lidia and Kaul Santosh N Biochemical removal of
nitrogen from tannery wastewater: performance and stability of a fullscale
plant, J Chem Technol Biotechnol, 2004, 79, pp 879–888.
[46] Szpyrkowicz L, Kelsall G.H, Kaoul S. N, and De Faveri, M.,
Performance of electro-chemical reactor for treatment of tannery
wastewaters, Chemical Engineering Science, 2001 56, pp 1579–86.
[47] Tare Vinod,Gupta Sandeep, and Bose Purnendu, Case Studies on
Biological Treatment of Tannery Effluents in India, Journal of the Air
and Waste Management Association, 2001 53, pp 976-982.
[48] Wiemann Matthias, Schenk Harm, and Hegemannm Werner, Anaerobic
treatment of tannery wastewater with simultaneous sulphide elimination,
Water Research, 1998, 32(3),pp 774-780.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:69834", author = "Supriyo Goswami and Debabrata Mazumder", title = "Treatment of Chrome Tannery Wastewater by Biological Process - A Mini Review ", abstract = "Chrome tannery wastewater causes serious environmental hazard due to its high pollution potential. As a result, rigorous treatment is necessary for abatement of pollution from this type of wastewater. There are many research studies on chrome tannery wastewater treatment in the field of physical, chemical, and biological methods. In general, biological treatment process is found ineffective for direct application because of adverse effects by toxic chromium, sulphide, chloride etc. However, biological methods were employed mainly for a few sub processes generating significant amount of organic matter and without chromium, chlorides etc. In this context the present paper reviews the characteristics feature and pollution potential of wastewater generated from chrome tannery units and treatment of the same. The different biological processes used earlier and their chronological development for treatment of the chrome tannery wastewater are thoroughly reviewed in this paper. In this regard, the scope of hybrid bioreactor - an advanced technology option has also been explored, as this kind of treatment is well suited for the wastewater having inhibitory substances.
", keywords = "Composite tannery wastewater, biological treatment,
Hybrid bioreactor, Organic removal", volume = "7", number = "11", pages = "798-7", }
