Time and Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network Comparative Analysis: Modulation Formats and Channel Spacings
In light of the substantial increase in end-user requirements and the incessant need of network operators to upgrade the capabilities of access networks, in this paper, the performance of the different modulation formats on eight-channels Time and Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network (TWDM-PON) transmission system has been examined and compared. Limitations and features of modulation formats have been determined to outline the most suitable design to enhance the data rate and transmission reach to obtain the best performance of the network. The considered modulation formats are On-Off Keying Non-Return-to-Zero (NRZ-OOK), Carrier Suppressed Return to Zero (CSRZ), Duo Binary (DB), Modified Duo Binary (MODB), Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), and Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (DQPSK). The performance has been analyzed by varying transmission distances and bit rates under different channel spacing. Furthermore, the system is evaluated in terms of minimum Bit Error Rate (BER) and Quality factor (Qf) without applying any dispersion compensation technique, or any optical amplifier. Optisystem software was used for simulation purposes.
[1] Nakayama Y, Yasunaga R. ITU TWDM-PON module for ns-3 network simulator. InInternational Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques 2019 Jul 8 (pp. 186-195). Springer, Cham
[2] Bindhaiq S, Supa AS, Zulkifli N, Mohammad AB, Shaddad RQ, Elmagzoub MA, Faisal A. Recent development on time and wavelength-division multiplexed passive optical network (TWDM-PON) for next-generation passive optical network stage 2 (NG-PON2). Optical Switching and Networking. 2015 Jan 1;15:53-66.
[3] Horvath T, Munster P, Oujezsky V, Bao NH. Passive optical networks progress: a tutorial. Electronics. 2020 Jul;9(7):1081.
[4] Nesset D. NG-PON2 technology and standards. Journal of Lightwave Technology. 2015 Jan 9;33(5):1136-43.
[5] Nesset, "NG-PON2 Technology and Standards," in Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 1136-1143, 1 March1, 2015, doi: 10.1109/JLT.2015.2389115.
[6] International Telecommunication Union, "40-Gigabit-capable passive optical networks (NG-PON2): General requirements," 2015.Available: http://www.itu.int/rec/TRECG.987/en.
[7] Agalliu R. Comparison of Modulation Formats in Fiber-Optic Transmission Systems. Group. 2015 May;1:4.
[8] Kumari M, Sharma R, Sheetal A. Emerging Next-Generation TWDM-PON with Suitable Modulation Format. InMobile Radio Communications and 5G Networks 2021 (pp. 187-199). Springer, Singapore
[9] Priyeash B, Subhashini N. Performance of Hybrid PON Architecture using On-Off Keying and Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying. In2020 International Conference for Emerging Technology (INCET) 2020 Jun 5 (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
[10] Rajalakshmi, S., and T. Shankar. "Investigation of Different Modulation Formats for Extended Reach NG-PON2 using RSOA." (IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 10, No. 12, 2019.
[11] Naim, Nani Fadzlina, et al. "Design and Performance Analysis of Time and Wavelength Division Multiplexed Passive Optical Network (TWDM-PON)." (2019).
[12] Gill, H. K., Walia, G. K., & Grewal, N. S, “Performance analysis of mode division multiplexing IS-OWC system using Manchester, DPSK and DQPSK modulation techniques”, Optik, vol 177, pp. 93-101, 2019.6-2019.
[13] Pooja Sharma and Satbir Singh." Simulative Analysis of 80Gbps NGPON Stage-2 based TWDM Communication System for Different Data Formats." International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Vol. 5, Issue 5, May 2016.
[14] Nyachionjeka, Kumbirayi, and Wellington Makondo. "Effects of modulation techniques (Manchester code, NRZ or RZ) on the operation of hybrid WDM/TDM passive optical networks." International scholarly research notices 2014 (2014).
[15] Kurbatska I, Alsevska A, Gegere L, Bobrovs V. Comparison of modulation formats for use in the next generation passive optical networks. In2016 Progress in Electromagnetic Research Symposium (PIERS) 2016 Aug 8 (pp. 3783-3787). IEEE.
[16] Kurbatska I, Spolitis S, Bobrovs V, Alsevska A, Ivanovs G. Performance comparison of modulation formats for 10 Gbit/s WDM-PON systems. In2016 Advances in Wireless and Optical Communications (RTUWO) 2016 Nov 3 (pp. 51-54). IEEE.
[17] Latal J, Vitasek J, Koudelka P, Siska P, Poboril R, Hajek L, Vanderka A, Vasinek V. Simulation of modulation formats for optical access network based on WDM-PON. In2014 16th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) 2014 Jul 6 (pp. 1-7). IEEE.
[18] Šalík P, Čertík F, Roka R. Duobinary modulation format in optical communication systems. Advances in Signal Processing. 2015;3(1):1-7.
[19] Krishna VR, Tiwari V. Comparison of duobinary and modified duobinary modulation schemes for optimized transmission at 40 Gbps. In2015 Twelfth International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks (WOCN) 2015 Sep 9 (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
[20] M. S. A. Khan, M. M. Iqbal, K. S. Mahmood, A. A. Anee, M. S. Rahman and S. Mahmud, "Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Modulation in Optical Fiber Communication - Modelling, Design, Case Implementation and Limitation," 2018 Fourth International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication & Automation (ICACCA), Subang Jaya, Malaysia, 2018, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/ICACCAF.2018.8776837.
[21] Keim, R. (n.d.). Learning about Differential Quadrature phase shift Keying (DQPSK) Modulation - technical articles. Retrieved August 22, 2016, from https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/technicalarticles/differential-quadrature-phase-shift-keying-dqpsk-modulation/
[22] Khan MS, Iqbal MM, Mahmood KS, Anee AA, Rahman MS, Mahmud S. Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Modulation in Optical Fiber Communication-Modelling, Design, Case Implementation and Limitation. In2018 Fourth International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication & Automation (ICACCA) 2018 Oct 26 (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
[23] Nebendahl B, Schmogrow R, Dennis T, Josten A, Hillerkuss D, Koenig S, Meyer J, Dreschmann M, Winter M, Huebner M, Freude W. Quality metrics in optical modulation analysis: EVM and its relation to Q-factor, OSNR, and BER. InAsia Communications and Photonics Conference 2012 Nov 7 (pp. AF3G-2). Optical Society of America.
[24] Keim, R. (2016, August 17). Understanding quadrature phase shift Keying (QPSK) Modulation - technical articles. Retrieved March 07, 2021, from https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/technicalarticles/quadrature-phase-shift-keying-qpsk-modulation/
[25] Grobe, Klaus. "Next-generation access/Backhaul based on ITU G. 989, NG-PON2." Photonic Networks; 15. ITG Symposium. VDE, 2014.
[1] Nakayama Y, Yasunaga R. ITU TWDM-PON module for ns-3 network simulator. InInternational Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques 2019 Jul 8 (pp. 186-195). Springer, Cham
[2] Bindhaiq S, Supa AS, Zulkifli N, Mohammad AB, Shaddad RQ, Elmagzoub MA, Faisal A. Recent development on time and wavelength-division multiplexed passive optical network (TWDM-PON) for next-generation passive optical network stage 2 (NG-PON2). Optical Switching and Networking. 2015 Jan 1;15:53-66.
[3] Horvath T, Munster P, Oujezsky V, Bao NH. Passive optical networks progress: a tutorial. Electronics. 2020 Jul;9(7):1081.
[4] Nesset D. NG-PON2 technology and standards. Journal of Lightwave Technology. 2015 Jan 9;33(5):1136-43.
[5] Nesset, "NG-PON2 Technology and Standards," in Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 1136-1143, 1 March1, 2015, doi: 10.1109/JLT.2015.2389115.
[6] International Telecommunication Union, "40-Gigabit-capable passive optical networks (NG-PON2): General requirements," 2015.Available: http://www.itu.int/rec/TRECG.987/en.
[7] Agalliu R. Comparison of Modulation Formats in Fiber-Optic Transmission Systems. Group. 2015 May;1:4.
[8] Kumari M, Sharma R, Sheetal A. Emerging Next-Generation TWDM-PON with Suitable Modulation Format. InMobile Radio Communications and 5G Networks 2021 (pp. 187-199). Springer, Singapore
[9] Priyeash B, Subhashini N. Performance of Hybrid PON Architecture using On-Off Keying and Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying. In2020 International Conference for Emerging Technology (INCET) 2020 Jun 5 (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
[10] Rajalakshmi, S., and T. Shankar. "Investigation of Different Modulation Formats for Extended Reach NG-PON2 using RSOA." (IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 10, No. 12, 2019.
[11] Naim, Nani Fadzlina, et al. "Design and Performance Analysis of Time and Wavelength Division Multiplexed Passive Optical Network (TWDM-PON)." (2019).
[12] Gill, H. K., Walia, G. K., & Grewal, N. S, “Performance analysis of mode division multiplexing IS-OWC system using Manchester, DPSK and DQPSK modulation techniques”, Optik, vol 177, pp. 93-101, 2019.6-2019.
[13] Pooja Sharma and Satbir Singh." Simulative Analysis of 80Gbps NGPON Stage-2 based TWDM Communication System for Different Data Formats." International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Vol. 5, Issue 5, May 2016.
[14] Nyachionjeka, Kumbirayi, and Wellington Makondo. "Effects of modulation techniques (Manchester code, NRZ or RZ) on the operation of hybrid WDM/TDM passive optical networks." International scholarly research notices 2014 (2014).
[15] Kurbatska I, Alsevska A, Gegere L, Bobrovs V. Comparison of modulation formats for use in the next generation passive optical networks. In2016 Progress in Electromagnetic Research Symposium (PIERS) 2016 Aug 8 (pp. 3783-3787). IEEE.
[16] Kurbatska I, Spolitis S, Bobrovs V, Alsevska A, Ivanovs G. Performance comparison of modulation formats for 10 Gbit/s WDM-PON systems. In2016 Advances in Wireless and Optical Communications (RTUWO) 2016 Nov 3 (pp. 51-54). IEEE.
[17] Latal J, Vitasek J, Koudelka P, Siska P, Poboril R, Hajek L, Vanderka A, Vasinek V. Simulation of modulation formats for optical access network based on WDM-PON. In2014 16th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) 2014 Jul 6 (pp. 1-7). IEEE.
[18] Šalík P, Čertík F, Roka R. Duobinary modulation format in optical communication systems. Advances in Signal Processing. 2015;3(1):1-7.
[19] Krishna VR, Tiwari V. Comparison of duobinary and modified duobinary modulation schemes for optimized transmission at 40 Gbps. In2015 Twelfth International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks (WOCN) 2015 Sep 9 (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
[20] M. S. A. Khan, M. M. Iqbal, K. S. Mahmood, A. A. Anee, M. S. Rahman and S. Mahmud, "Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Modulation in Optical Fiber Communication - Modelling, Design, Case Implementation and Limitation," 2018 Fourth International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication & Automation (ICACCA), Subang Jaya, Malaysia, 2018, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/ICACCAF.2018.8776837.
[21] Keim, R. (n.d.). Learning about Differential Quadrature phase shift Keying (DQPSK) Modulation - technical articles. Retrieved August 22, 2016, from https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/technicalarticles/differential-quadrature-phase-shift-keying-dqpsk-modulation/
[22] Khan MS, Iqbal MM, Mahmood KS, Anee AA, Rahman MS, Mahmud S. Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Modulation in Optical Fiber Communication-Modelling, Design, Case Implementation and Limitation. In2018 Fourth International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication & Automation (ICACCA) 2018 Oct 26 (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
[23] Nebendahl B, Schmogrow R, Dennis T, Josten A, Hillerkuss D, Koenig S, Meyer J, Dreschmann M, Winter M, Huebner M, Freude W. Quality metrics in optical modulation analysis: EVM and its relation to Q-factor, OSNR, and BER. InAsia Communications and Photonics Conference 2012 Nov 7 (pp. AF3G-2). Optical Society of America.
[24] Keim, R. (2016, August 17). Understanding quadrature phase shift Keying (QPSK) Modulation - technical articles. Retrieved March 07, 2021, from https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/technicalarticles/quadrature-phase-shift-keying-qpsk-modulation/
[25] Grobe, Klaus. "Next-generation access/Backhaul based on ITU G. 989, NG-PON2." Photonic Networks; 15. ITG Symposium. VDE, 2014.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:80345", author = "A. Fayad and Q. Alqhazaly and T. Cinkler", title = "Time and Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network Comparative Analysis: Modulation Formats and Channel Spacings", abstract = "In light of the substantial increase in end-user requirements and the incessant need of network operators to upgrade the capabilities of access networks, in this paper, the performance of the different modulation formats on eight-channels Time and Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network (TWDM-PON) transmission system has been examined and compared. Limitations and features of modulation formats have been determined to outline the most suitable design to enhance the data rate and transmission reach to obtain the best performance of the network. The considered modulation formats are On-Off Keying Non-Return-to-Zero (NRZ-OOK), Carrier Suppressed Return to Zero (CSRZ), Duo Binary (DB), Modified Duo Binary (MODB), Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), and Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (DQPSK). The performance has been analyzed by varying transmission distances and bit rates under different channel spacing. Furthermore, the system is evaluated in terms of minimum Bit Error Rate (BER) and Quality factor (Qf) without applying any dispersion compensation technique, or any optical amplifier. Optisystem software was used for simulation purposes.
", keywords = "Bit Error Rate, BER, Carrier Suppressed Return to Zero, CSRZ, Duo Binary, DB, Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying, DQPSK, Modified Duo Binary, MODB, On-Off Keying Non-Return-to-Zero, NRZ-OOK, Quality factor, Qf, Time and Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network, TWDM-PON.", volume = "15", number = "6", pages = "162-7", }
