The Tyrosinase and Cyclooxygenase Inhibitory Activities and Cytotoxicity Screening of Tamarindus indica Seeds

The methanolic extracts from seeds of tamarind (Tamarindus indica) was prepared by Soxhlet apparatus extraction and evaluated for total phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalteu method. Then, methanolic extract was screened biological activities (In vitro) for anti-melanogenic activity by tyrosinase inhibition test, antiinflammation activity by cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibition test, and cytotoxic screening test with Vero cells. The results showed that total phenolic content, which contained in extract, was contained 27.72 mg of gallic acid equivalent per g of dry weight. The ability to inhibit tyrosinase enzyme, which exerted by Tamarind seed extracts (1 mg/ml) was 52.13 ± 0.42 %. The extract was not possessed inhibitory effect to COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes and cytotoxic effect to Vero cells. The finding is concludes that tested seed extract was possessed antimelanogenic activity with non-toxic effects. However, there was not exhibited anti-inflammatory activity. Further studies include the use of advance biological models to confirm this biological activity, as well as, the isolation and characterization of the purified compounds that it was contained.

Authors:

• P. Thongmuang
• Y. Sudjaroen

Keywords:

• Tamarindus indica
• anti-melanogenic
• antiinflammatotion
• cytotoxicity
• seed
• phenolic compounds.

References:

[1] S. Briganti, E. Camera, and M. Picado, "Chemical and instrumental
approachs to treat hyperpigmentation," Pigment Cell Res, vol. 16, 2003,
pp. 101-110.
[2] D. Jang, B. Lee, C. Jeon et al, "Melanogenesis inhibitor form Paper
Mulberry," Cosmetics & Toiletries Magazine, vol. 112, 1997, pp. 59-62.
[3] O. Lee, H. Kang and S. Han, "Oriental herbs in cosmetics," Cosmetics &
Toiletries Magazine, vol. 112, Jan. 1997, pp. 57-64.
[4] T. Piamphongsant, "Problems in developing cosmetic in dustry," in
Conf. 2003 Aug, 14 The development of cosmetic industry for selfreliance"
organized by the office of the National Research Council of
Thailand,.
[5] P. L. Olliaro and Y. Yuthavong, "An overview of chemotherapeutic
targets for antimalarial drug discovery," Pharmacol Ther, vol. 81, 1999,
pp. 91-110.
[6] T, Phakruschaphan, "Comparison of peeling and extraction methods in
the production of Tamarind seed gum," The Kasetsart Journal of
Natural Sciences, vol. 16, 1982, pp. 74-81.
[7] T. Tsuda, M. Watanabe, K. Ohshima, A. Yamamoto, S. Kawakishi and
T. Osawa, "Antioxidative components isolated from the seed of
Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.)," Journal Agricultural and Food
Chemistry, vol. 42, 1994, pp. 2671-2674.
[8] T. Tsuda, T. Osawa, Y. Makino, H. Kato and S. Kawakishi, "Screening
for antioxidant activity of edible pulses," Bioscientific Biotechnological
Biochemistry, vol. 57, 1993, pp. 1606-1608.
[9] M. De, A. Krishna and A.B. Baneerjee , "Antimicrobial screening of
some Indian spices," Phytotherapy Research, vol. 13, 1999, pp. 616-
618.
[10] Y. Sudjaroen, R. Haubner, G. Wurtele, W.E. Hull, G. Erben, B.
Spiegelhalder, S. Changbumrung, H. Bartsch and R.W. Owen, "Isolation
and structure elucidation of phenolic antioxidants from Tamarind
(Tamarindus indica L.) seeds and pericarp," Food and Chemical
Toxicology, vol. 43, 2005, pp. 1673-1682.
[11] V.L. Singleton, R. Orthofer and R.M. Lamuela-Ravent├│s, "Analysis of
Total Phenols and Other Oxidation Substrates and Antioxidants by
Means of Folin-ciocalteu Reagent," Methods in Enzymology, vol. 299,
1999, pp. 152-178.
[12] V. J. Hearing and K. Tsukamoto, "Enzymatic control of pigmentation in
mammals," FASEB J., vol. 5, Nov. 1991, pp. 2902ÔÇö2909.
[13] Y.J. Kim, "Antimelanogenic and antioxidant properties of gallic acid,"
Biol. Pharm. Bull. vol. 30, Jun. 2007, pp. 1052ÔÇö1055.
[14] K. Kirtikara, S.G. Morham, R. Raghow, S.J.F. Laulederkind, T.
Kanekura, S. Goorha and L.R. Ballou, "Compensatory protaglandin E2
biosynthesis in cyclooxygenase1 or 2 null cells," J Exp Med, vol. 187,
1998, pp. 517-23.
[15] K. Kirtikara, S. Swangkul and L.R. Ballou, "The analysis of
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug selectivity in prostaglandin G/H
synthase (PGHS)-null cells," Inflamm Res, vol. 50, 2001, pp. 327-32.
[16] P. Skehan, R. Storeng, D. Scudiero, et al, "New colorimetric cytotoxicity
assay for anticancer-drug screening," J Natl Cancer Inst, vol. 82, 1990,
pp. 1107-12.
[17] M. Naczk and F. Shahidi, "Phenolics in cereals, fruits and vegetables:
occurrence, extraction and analysis," J Pharm Biomed Anal, vol. 41, Jan.
2006, pp. 1523-1542.
[18] H-J. Yoon and S.J. Baek, "Molecular targets of dietary polyphenols with
anti-inflammatory properties," Yonsei Med J, vol. 46, 2005, pp. 585-596.