The Smoke Suppression Effect of Copper Oxideon the Epoxy Resin/Intumescent Flame Retardant/Titanate Couple Agent System
Fire disaster is the major factor to endanger the public
and environmental safety. People lost their life during fire disaster
mainly be attributed to the dense smoke and toxic gas under
combustion, which hinder the escape of people and the rescue of
firefighters under fire disaster. The smoke suppression effect of
several transitional metals oxide on the epoxy resin treated with
intumescent flame retardant and titanate couple agent
(EP/IFR/Titanate) system have been investigated. The results showed
manganese dioxide has great effect on reducing the smoke density rate
(SDR) of EP/IFR/Titanate system; however it has little effect to reduce
the maximum smoke density (MSD) of EP/IFR/Titanate system.
Copper oxide can decrease the maximum smoke density (MSD) and
smoke density rate of EP/IFR/Titanate system substantially. The MSD
and SDR of EP/IFR/Titanate system can reduce 20.3% and 39.1%
respectively when 2% of copper oxide is introduced.
[1] Y. Yin, Y. Xia, X. G. Jian, "Progress in research of halogen free flame
retardant epoxy resin (in Chinese)" , Engineering Plastics Application,
Vol. 35, no. 9, pp: 76-79, Sep. 2007.
[2] Y. B. Li, X. Y. Zhang, Z. G. Zhang, W. H. Zhong, "Development of flame
retardant technology of epoxy resin (in Chinese)" , China Synthetic Resin
and Plastics, Vol. 19, no. 2, pp:53-57, April 2002.
[3] D. T. Zhu, "Phosphorated epoxy resin for halogen-free and fire retardant
copper clad laminate(in Chinese)", Insulating materials, no. 5, pp: 61-64,
Oct. 2004.
[4] W. Y. Chen, Y. Z. Wang, F. C. Chang, "Thermal and flame retardation
properties of melamine phosphate-modified epoxy resins", Journal of
polymer Research, Vol. 11, no. 2, pp: 109-117, June 2004.
[5] D. Dollimore, J. M. Hoath, "The fire retardant behavior of various
chlorides on cellulose", Thermal Analysis and calorimetry, Vol. 49, no. 2,
pp: 649-656, June 1997.
[6] X. W. Jia, Z. G. Liu, X. M. Fang, T. Ding, Y. Q. Xu, "Thermal
characteristics and applications of flame retardants of borminated epoxy
resins(in Chinese)", China Plastics, Vol. 18, no. 12, pp:70-73, Dec. 2004.
[7] Z. P. Wu, W. Y. Shu, Y. C. Hu, "Synergist flame retarding effect of
ultrafine zinc borate on LDPE/IFR system", Journal of Applied Polymer
Science, Vol. 103, no. 6, pp: 3667-3674, March 2007.
[8] J. G. Liu, D. S. Wang, L. Fan, S. Y. Yang, "Research and development
progress in environment-friendly epoxy resin compounds without
halogen, antimony and phosphorus (in Chinese)", Thermosetting Resin,
Vol. 19, no. 4, pp: 23-28, July 2004.
[9] M. Modesti, A. Lorenzetti, F. Simioni, "Expandable graphite as an
intumescent flame retardant in polyisocyanurate-polyurethane foams",
Polymer Degradation and Stability, Vol. 77, no.2, pp: 195-202, March
2002.
[10] M. Gao, W. Wu, Y.Yan, "Thermal degradation and flame retardancy of
epoxy resin containing intumescent flame retardant", Journal of thermal
analysis and calorimetry, Vol. 95, no. 2, pp: 605-608, Feb. 2009.
[11] Z. L. Zhang, Y. k. Zheng, L. B. GU, "Halogen free Intumescent Flame
Retardanted System for LDPE (in Chinese)", Plastics, Vol. 29,no. 3, pp:
15-21, March 2000.
[12] S. Y. Xiao, Z. R. Yang, H. Q. Chen, "Progress of studies on intumescent
flame retardant (in Chinese)", Chemical industry and engineering Vol. 17,
no. 6, pp: 369-371, Dec.2000.
[13] Z. P. Wu, M. Q. Chen, Y. C. Hu, "Study of the epoxy resin treated with
intumescent flame retardant contained microencapsulated red
phosphorus(in Chinese)", Journal of Central South University of Forestry
& Technology, Vol. 29, no. 6, pp: 61-64, Dec. 2009.
[14] M. Q. Chen, Z. P. Wu, Y. C. Hu, H. K. Yang, "Preparation and
application of intumescent flame retardant of microencapsulated red
phosphorus(in Chinese)", Plastics Science and Technology, Vol. 37, no. 5,
pp: 82-85, May 2009.
[15] Sunil K. Sharma, N. K. Saxena, "Surface coating and metal-based organic
additives-approaches for FRSS PVC cables", Journal of Fire Sciences Vol.
25, no. 5, pp: 447-466, 2007.
[16] Z. H. Zhang, M. F. Zhu, B. Sun, Q. H. Zhang, C. M. Yan, S. M. Fang, "The
effect of hydrotalcite and zinc oxide on smoke suppression of commercial
rigid PVC", Journal of Macromolecular Science. Pure and Applied
Chemistry, Vol. 43, no. 11, pp: 1807-1814, 2006.
[17] S. M. Grimes, H. Lateef, A. J. Jafari, L. Mehta, "Studies of the effects of
copper, copper(II) oxide and copper(II) chloride on the thermal
degradation of poly(vinyl chloride)", Polymer Degradation and Stability,
Vol. 91, no. 12, pp: 3271-3280, Dec. 2006
[1] Y. Yin, Y. Xia, X. G. Jian, "Progress in research of halogen free flame
retardant epoxy resin (in Chinese)" , Engineering Plastics Application,
Vol. 35, no. 9, pp: 76-79, Sep. 2007.
[2] Y. B. Li, X. Y. Zhang, Z. G. Zhang, W. H. Zhong, "Development of flame
retardant technology of epoxy resin (in Chinese)" , China Synthetic Resin
and Plastics, Vol. 19, no. 2, pp:53-57, April 2002.
[3] D. T. Zhu, "Phosphorated epoxy resin for halogen-free and fire retardant
copper clad laminate(in Chinese)", Insulating materials, no. 5, pp: 61-64,
Oct. 2004.
[4] W. Y. Chen, Y. Z. Wang, F. C. Chang, "Thermal and flame retardation
properties of melamine phosphate-modified epoxy resins", Journal of
polymer Research, Vol. 11, no. 2, pp: 109-117, June 2004.
[5] D. Dollimore, J. M. Hoath, "The fire retardant behavior of various
chlorides on cellulose", Thermal Analysis and calorimetry, Vol. 49, no. 2,
pp: 649-656, June 1997.
[6] X. W. Jia, Z. G. Liu, X. M. Fang, T. Ding, Y. Q. Xu, "Thermal
characteristics and applications of flame retardants of borminated epoxy
resins(in Chinese)", China Plastics, Vol. 18, no. 12, pp:70-73, Dec. 2004.
[7] Z. P. Wu, W. Y. Shu, Y. C. Hu, "Synergist flame retarding effect of
ultrafine zinc borate on LDPE/IFR system", Journal of Applied Polymer
Science, Vol. 103, no. 6, pp: 3667-3674, March 2007.
[8] J. G. Liu, D. S. Wang, L. Fan, S. Y. Yang, "Research and development
progress in environment-friendly epoxy resin compounds without
halogen, antimony and phosphorus (in Chinese)", Thermosetting Resin,
Vol. 19, no. 4, pp: 23-28, July 2004.
[9] M. Modesti, A. Lorenzetti, F. Simioni, "Expandable graphite as an
intumescent flame retardant in polyisocyanurate-polyurethane foams",
Polymer Degradation and Stability, Vol. 77, no.2, pp: 195-202, March
2002.
[10] M. Gao, W. Wu, Y.Yan, "Thermal degradation and flame retardancy of
epoxy resin containing intumescent flame retardant", Journal of thermal
analysis and calorimetry, Vol. 95, no. 2, pp: 605-608, Feb. 2009.
[11] Z. L. Zhang, Y. k. Zheng, L. B. GU, "Halogen free Intumescent Flame
Retardanted System for LDPE (in Chinese)", Plastics, Vol. 29,no. 3, pp:
15-21, March 2000.
[12] S. Y. Xiao, Z. R. Yang, H. Q. Chen, "Progress of studies on intumescent
flame retardant (in Chinese)", Chemical industry and engineering Vol. 17,
no. 6, pp: 369-371, Dec.2000.
[13] Z. P. Wu, M. Q. Chen, Y. C. Hu, "Study of the epoxy resin treated with
intumescent flame retardant contained microencapsulated red
phosphorus(in Chinese)", Journal of Central South University of Forestry
& Technology, Vol. 29, no. 6, pp: 61-64, Dec. 2009.
[14] M. Q. Chen, Z. P. Wu, Y. C. Hu, H. K. Yang, "Preparation and
application of intumescent flame retardant of microencapsulated red
phosphorus(in Chinese)", Plastics Science and Technology, Vol. 37, no. 5,
pp: 82-85, May 2009.
[15] Sunil K. Sharma, N. K. Saxena, "Surface coating and metal-based organic
additives-approaches for FRSS PVC cables", Journal of Fire Sciences Vol.
25, no. 5, pp: 447-466, 2007.
[16] Z. H. Zhang, M. F. Zhu, B. Sun, Q. H. Zhang, C. M. Yan, S. M. Fang, "The
effect of hydrotalcite and zinc oxide on smoke suppression of commercial
rigid PVC", Journal of Macromolecular Science. Pure and Applied
Chemistry, Vol. 43, no. 11, pp: 1807-1814, 2006.
[17] S. M. Grimes, H. Lateef, A. J. Jafari, L. Mehta, "Studies of the effects of
copper, copper(II) oxide and copper(II) chloride on the thermal
degradation of poly(vinyl chloride)", Polymer Degradation and Stability,
Vol. 91, no. 12, pp: 3271-3280, Dec. 2006
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:55495", author = "Zhiping Wu and Meiqin Chen and Haikuan Yang and Yunchu Hu", title = "The Smoke Suppression Effect of Copper Oxideon the Epoxy Resin/Intumescent Flame Retardant/Titanate Couple Agent System", abstract = "Fire disaster is the major factor to endanger the public
and environmental safety. People lost their life during fire disaster
mainly be attributed to the dense smoke and toxic gas under
combustion, which hinder the escape of people and the rescue of
firefighters under fire disaster. The smoke suppression effect of
several transitional metals oxide on the epoxy resin treated with
intumescent flame retardant and titanate couple agent
(EP/IFR/Titanate) system have been investigated. The results showed
manganese dioxide has great effect on reducing the smoke density rate
(SDR) of EP/IFR/Titanate system; however it has little effect to reduce
the maximum smoke density (MSD) of EP/IFR/Titanate system.
Copper oxide can decrease the maximum smoke density (MSD) and
smoke density rate of EP/IFR/Titanate system substantially. The MSD
and SDR of EP/IFR/Titanate system can reduce 20.3% and 39.1%
respectively when 2% of copper oxide is introduced.", keywords = "copper oxide, epoxy resin, intumescent flameretardant, smoke suppression.", volume = "4", number = "5", pages = "282-3", }
