The Roles of Natural and Anthropogenic Factors of Ecological State in the Lake Peipsi
In this paper we discuss the problems of the long-term management policy of Lake Peipsi and the roles of natural and anthropogenic factors in the ecological state of the lake. The reduction of the pollution during the last 15 years could not give significant changes of the chemical composition of the water, what implicates the essential role that natural factors have on the ecological state of lake. One of the most important factors having impact on the hydrochemical cycles and ecological state is the hydrological regime which is clearly expressed in L. Peipsi. The absence on clear interrelations of climate cycles and nutrients suggest that complex abiotic and biotic interactions, which take place in the lake ecosystem, plays a significant role in the matter circulation mechanism within lake.
[1] Hazel R. Delcourt and Paul A. Delcourt, "Quaternary Palynology and
Vegetational History of the Southeastern United States," in Pollen
Records of Late-Quaternary North American Sediments, V. M. Bryant
and R. G. Holloway, Eds., American Association of Stratigraphic
Palynologists Foundation, 1985, pp. 1-37.
[2] A. M. Mannion, Global Environmental Change: A Natural and Cultural
Environmental History. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Longman
Scientific and Technical, 1991.
[3] T. Blenckner, "A conceptual model of climate-related effects on lake
ecosystem," Hydrobiologia, 2005, 533, 1-14.
[4] A. Jaani and A. Raukas, "Lake Peipsi and its catchment area," in Lake
Peipsi (1): Geology, Miidel, A. and A. Raukas, Eds, Tallinn, 1999, pp.
9-14.
[5] A. Sokolov, Ed., Hydrological regime of lakes and rervoirs in USSR.
Lake Peipsi/Chudskoe, Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1983. (In Russian).
[6] Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of
World Order. Simon & Schuster UK Ltd, Touchstone, 1998, pp. 156-
164.
[7] L. Jaanits and T. Moora, "The history of the population in the L. Peipsi
area," in Peipsi, Pihu E. and Raukas A. Eds. Tallinn:
Keskkonnaministeeriumi Info- ja tehnokeskus, 1999, pp. 182-201. (In
Estonian with English summary).
[8] A. Moora, From ethnical history of the Peipsi region. Tallinn: Eesti
Riiklik Kirjastus, 1964, pp. 36-38. (In Estonian).
[9] A. Kangur, P. Kangur and E. Pihu, "Long-term trends in the
ichthyocoenosis of Lake Peipsi and L. V├Ártsj├ñrv (Estonia)," Aquat. Ecos.
Health Manag., 2002, 5, pp. 379-389.
[10] T. Saat, V. Vaino, G. Afanasjev and N. Koncevaya, "Fisheries and
fisheries management on Lake Peipsi-Pihkva," in Management of
Ecology of Lake and Reservoir Fisheries, I. Cowx, Ed. Oxford: Fishing
News Books, Blackwell Science Ltd., 2002, pp. 322-331.
[11] K. E. von Baer, "Fishery in the Lakes Peipsi and Pskov, and in the Baltic
Sea", in Research on fishery in Russia, Sankt-Peterburg, 1860. (In
Russian).
[12] A. Mishcuk, and A. Jaani, "Narva reservoir: hydrological overview and
water balance", in The Narva River and Reservoir. Jaani, A. Ed., Narva:
AS Narva Tr├╝kk, 2000, pp. 43-48.
[13] H. Starast, A. Milius, T. Möls and A. Lindpere, "Hydrochemistry", in
Lake Peipsi (3): Meteorology, Hydrology, Hydrochemistry, T. N├Áges,
Ed., Tartu: Sulemees Publishers, 2001, pp. 97-131.
[14] G. K. N├╝rnberg, "Trophic state of clear and colored, soft- and hardwater
lakes with special consideration of nutrient, anoxia, phytoplankton
and fish", Lakes and Reservoir Management, 1996, 12, pp. 432-447.
[15] H. Mäemets, and L. Freiberg, "Characteristics of reeds on Lake Peipsi
and the floristic consequences of their expansion," Limnologica, 2004,
34, pp. 83-89.
[16] D. Harper, Eutrophication of freshwaters. Principles, problems and
restoration. London: Chapman & Hall, 1992.
[17] S. R.Carpenter, N. F.Caraco, D. L. Correl, R.W. Howarth, A. N.
Sharpley and V. H. Smith, "Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with
phosphorus and nitrogen," Ecological Applications, 1998, 8, pp. 559-
568.
[18] A. Vassiljev and P. Stålnake, "Statistical modelling of riverine nutrient
sources and retention in the lake Peipsi drainage basin," Water Science
& Technology, 2005, 51, 3-4, pp. 309-317.
[19] I. Blinova, "Riverine load into L. Peipsi," in Lake Peipsi (3):
Meteorology, Hydrology, Hydrochemistry, T. N├Áges, Ed., Tartu:
Sulemees Publishers, 2001, pp. 94-96.
[20] P. Stålnacke, Ü. Sults, A. Vasiljev, B. Skakalsky, A. Botina, G. Roll, K.
Pachel and T. Maltsman, 2002. "An assessment of riverine loads of
nutrients to the Lake Peipsi," Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. E., 2002, 141,
Schweizerbart Science Publishers, pp. 437-457.
[21] K. Kangur, T. Möls, J. Haberman, K. Kangro, R. Laugaste, A. Milius, T.
N├Áges, H. Timm, T. Timm and P. Zingel, "Lake Peipsi change of
ecological state during 1992-2001," in Estonian environmental
monitoring 2001, A. Roose, Ed., Tartu, 2002, pp. 57-64. (In Estonian).
[22] K. Kangur, T. Möls, A. Milius and R. Laugaste, "Phytoplankton
response to changed nutrient level in Lake Peipsi (Estonia) in 1992-
2001," Hydrobiologia, 2003, 506-509, pp. 265-272.
[23] R. Laugaste, T. N├Áges, P. N├Áges, V. V. Yastremskij, A. Milius and I.
Ott, "Algae," in Lake Peipsi (2): Flora and Fauna, E. Pihu, E. and J.
Haberman, Eds., Tartu: Sulemees Publishers, 2001, pp. 100-111.
[24] R. D. Gulati and E. van Donk, "Lakes in the Netherlands, their origin,
eutrophication and restoration: state-of-the-art review," Hydrobiologia,
2002, 478, pp. 73-106.
[25] C. S. Reynolds and A. C. Petersen, "The distribution of planktonic
Cyanobacteria in Irish lakes in relation to their trophic status,"
Hydrobiologia, 2000, 424, pp. 91-99.
[26] P. Butyrski, "About rivers and lakes in the Pskov region," in Regional
news (Gubernskie novosti - Zeszyt), 1839, 102, pp. 293-299. (In press,
in Russian).
[27] T. Eipre, T. "State of Lake Peipsi," in Estonian Geographical Union
annual book 1963, Tallinn, 1964, pp. 34-54. (In Estonian with German
summary).
[28] M. Milankovitch, Canon of Insolation and the Ice Age Problem. New
English Translation, Alven Global, 1998.
[29] E. H. Siscoe, "Solar-terrestrial influences on weather and climate,"
Nature, 1978, vol. 276, pp. 348-352.
[30] T. Karlstrom, "Empirical Search for Clues to Process and Dynamics
Underlying Climatic Change," in Proc. 19th Annual Pacific Climate
Workshop, California, March 3-6, 2002, pp. 49-76. Available:
http://tenaya.ucsd.edu/~dettinge/PACLIM/Karlstrom02.pdf
[31] A. Shnitnikov, Intraspecific variability of the components of general
humidity, Leningrad: Hydrometizdat, 1969. (In Russian).
[32] A. S. Monin and Ju. A. Shishkov, Climate history. Leningrad:
Gidrometizdat, 1979.
[33] J. P'erez-Peraza, A. Leyva-Contreras, M. Vald'es-Barr'on, I. Libin, K.
Yudakhin, and A. Jaani. 2005. "Influence of solar activity on
hydrological processes," Hydrol. Earth Sys. Sci. Discuss., 2, pp. 605-
637. Available: European Geosciences Union,
www.copernicus.org/EGU/hess/hessd/2/605/
[34] J. W. Hurrell, "Decadal trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation regional
temperatures and precipitation," Science, 1995, 269, pp. 676-679.
[35] Winter (Dec-Mar) Station Based NAO Index. Available:
http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/cas/jhurrell/nao.stat.winter.html
[36] C. Appenzeller, T. Stocker and M. Anklin, "North Atlantic Oscillation
Dynamics Recorded in Greenland Ice Cores," Science, 1998, 282, pp.
446-449.
[37] A. Reap, "Prognosis of the water fluctuation of Lake Peipsi," in Land
use improving. Tallinn, 1981, pp. 17-24. (In Estonian).
[38] A. M. Doganovski, "Cyclic fluctuation of water level in the lakes during
last centuary," in Geography and natural resources, 3, Novosibirsk,
1982, pp. 152-156. (In Russian).
[39] L. I. Glaza─ìeva, Cycles of natural processes and water levels of the lakes
and rivers. Riga, 1977. (In Russian).
[40] I. Libin and A. Jaani, "Influense of solar energy to the geophisical and
hydrological processes," News of the Academy of Science, ESSR.
Biologija, 1989, 38, 2, pp. 97-106.
[41] J.-M. Punning, M. Kangur, T. Koff and G. Possnert, "Holocene lakelevel
changes and their reflection in the paleolimnological records of two
lakes in northern Estonia," Journal of Paleolimnology, 2003, 29 (2), pp.
167-178.
[42] F. Oldfield, "The Holocene, a special time," in Global change in the
Holocene, A. Mackay, R. Battarbee, J. Birks and F. Oldfield, Eds.,
London: Arnold, 2003.
[1] Hazel R. Delcourt and Paul A. Delcourt, "Quaternary Palynology and
Vegetational History of the Southeastern United States," in Pollen
Records of Late-Quaternary North American Sediments, V. M. Bryant
and R. G. Holloway, Eds., American Association of Stratigraphic
Palynologists Foundation, 1985, pp. 1-37.
[2] A. M. Mannion, Global Environmental Change: A Natural and Cultural
Environmental History. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Longman
Scientific and Technical, 1991.
[3] T. Blenckner, "A conceptual model of climate-related effects on lake
ecosystem," Hydrobiologia, 2005, 533, 1-14.
[4] A. Jaani and A. Raukas, "Lake Peipsi and its catchment area," in Lake
Peipsi (1): Geology, Miidel, A. and A. Raukas, Eds, Tallinn, 1999, pp.
9-14.
[5] A. Sokolov, Ed., Hydrological regime of lakes and rervoirs in USSR.
Lake Peipsi/Chudskoe, Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1983. (In Russian).
[6] Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of
World Order. Simon & Schuster UK Ltd, Touchstone, 1998, pp. 156-
164.
[7] L. Jaanits and T. Moora, "The history of the population in the L. Peipsi
area," in Peipsi, Pihu E. and Raukas A. Eds. Tallinn:
Keskkonnaministeeriumi Info- ja tehnokeskus, 1999, pp. 182-201. (In
Estonian with English summary).
[8] A. Moora, From ethnical history of the Peipsi region. Tallinn: Eesti
Riiklik Kirjastus, 1964, pp. 36-38. (In Estonian).
[9] A. Kangur, P. Kangur and E. Pihu, "Long-term trends in the
ichthyocoenosis of Lake Peipsi and L. V├Ártsj├ñrv (Estonia)," Aquat. Ecos.
Health Manag., 2002, 5, pp. 379-389.
[10] T. Saat, V. Vaino, G. Afanasjev and N. Koncevaya, "Fisheries and
fisheries management on Lake Peipsi-Pihkva," in Management of
Ecology of Lake and Reservoir Fisheries, I. Cowx, Ed. Oxford: Fishing
News Books, Blackwell Science Ltd., 2002, pp. 322-331.
[11] K. E. von Baer, "Fishery in the Lakes Peipsi and Pskov, and in the Baltic
Sea", in Research on fishery in Russia, Sankt-Peterburg, 1860. (In
Russian).
[12] A. Mishcuk, and A. Jaani, "Narva reservoir: hydrological overview and
water balance", in The Narva River and Reservoir. Jaani, A. Ed., Narva:
AS Narva Tr├╝kk, 2000, pp. 43-48.
[13] H. Starast, A. Milius, T. Möls and A. Lindpere, "Hydrochemistry", in
Lake Peipsi (3): Meteorology, Hydrology, Hydrochemistry, T. N├Áges,
Ed., Tartu: Sulemees Publishers, 2001, pp. 97-131.
[14] G. K. N├╝rnberg, "Trophic state of clear and colored, soft- and hardwater
lakes with special consideration of nutrient, anoxia, phytoplankton
and fish", Lakes and Reservoir Management, 1996, 12, pp. 432-447.
[15] H. Mäemets, and L. Freiberg, "Characteristics of reeds on Lake Peipsi
and the floristic consequences of their expansion," Limnologica, 2004,
34, pp. 83-89.
[16] D. Harper, Eutrophication of freshwaters. Principles, problems and
restoration. London: Chapman & Hall, 1992.
[17] S. R.Carpenter, N. F.Caraco, D. L. Correl, R.W. Howarth, A. N.
Sharpley and V. H. Smith, "Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with
phosphorus and nitrogen," Ecological Applications, 1998, 8, pp. 559-
568.
[18] A. Vassiljev and P. Stålnake, "Statistical modelling of riverine nutrient
sources and retention in the lake Peipsi drainage basin," Water Science
& Technology, 2005, 51, 3-4, pp. 309-317.
[19] I. Blinova, "Riverine load into L. Peipsi," in Lake Peipsi (3):
Meteorology, Hydrology, Hydrochemistry, T. N├Áges, Ed., Tartu:
Sulemees Publishers, 2001, pp. 94-96.
[20] P. Stålnacke, Ü. Sults, A. Vasiljev, B. Skakalsky, A. Botina, G. Roll, K.
Pachel and T. Maltsman, 2002. "An assessment of riverine loads of
nutrients to the Lake Peipsi," Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. E., 2002, 141,
Schweizerbart Science Publishers, pp. 437-457.
[21] K. Kangur, T. Möls, J. Haberman, K. Kangro, R. Laugaste, A. Milius, T.
N├Áges, H. Timm, T. Timm and P. Zingel, "Lake Peipsi change of
ecological state during 1992-2001," in Estonian environmental
monitoring 2001, A. Roose, Ed., Tartu, 2002, pp. 57-64. (In Estonian).
[22] K. Kangur, T. Möls, A. Milius and R. Laugaste, "Phytoplankton
response to changed nutrient level in Lake Peipsi (Estonia) in 1992-
2001," Hydrobiologia, 2003, 506-509, pp. 265-272.
[23] R. Laugaste, T. N├Áges, P. N├Áges, V. V. Yastremskij, A. Milius and I.
Ott, "Algae," in Lake Peipsi (2): Flora and Fauna, E. Pihu, E. and J.
Haberman, Eds., Tartu: Sulemees Publishers, 2001, pp. 100-111.
[24] R. D. Gulati and E. van Donk, "Lakes in the Netherlands, their origin,
eutrophication and restoration: state-of-the-art review," Hydrobiologia,
2002, 478, pp. 73-106.
[25] C. S. Reynolds and A. C. Petersen, "The distribution of planktonic
Cyanobacteria in Irish lakes in relation to their trophic status,"
Hydrobiologia, 2000, 424, pp. 91-99.
[26] P. Butyrski, "About rivers and lakes in the Pskov region," in Regional
news (Gubernskie novosti - Zeszyt), 1839, 102, pp. 293-299. (In press,
in Russian).
[27] T. Eipre, T. "State of Lake Peipsi," in Estonian Geographical Union
annual book 1963, Tallinn, 1964, pp. 34-54. (In Estonian with German
summary).
[28] M. Milankovitch, Canon of Insolation and the Ice Age Problem. New
English Translation, Alven Global, 1998.
[29] E. H. Siscoe, "Solar-terrestrial influences on weather and climate,"
Nature, 1978, vol. 276, pp. 348-352.
[30] T. Karlstrom, "Empirical Search for Clues to Process and Dynamics
Underlying Climatic Change," in Proc. 19th Annual Pacific Climate
Workshop, California, March 3-6, 2002, pp. 49-76. Available:
http://tenaya.ucsd.edu/~dettinge/PACLIM/Karlstrom02.pdf
[31] A. Shnitnikov, Intraspecific variability of the components of general
humidity, Leningrad: Hydrometizdat, 1969. (In Russian).
[32] A. S. Monin and Ju. A. Shishkov, Climate history. Leningrad:
Gidrometizdat, 1979.
[33] J. P'erez-Peraza, A. Leyva-Contreras, M. Vald'es-Barr'on, I. Libin, K.
Yudakhin, and A. Jaani. 2005. "Influence of solar activity on
hydrological processes," Hydrol. Earth Sys. Sci. Discuss., 2, pp. 605-
637. Available: European Geosciences Union,
www.copernicus.org/EGU/hess/hessd/2/605/
[34] J. W. Hurrell, "Decadal trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation regional
temperatures and precipitation," Science, 1995, 269, pp. 676-679.
[35] Winter (Dec-Mar) Station Based NAO Index. Available:
http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/cas/jhurrell/nao.stat.winter.html
[36] C. Appenzeller, T. Stocker and M. Anklin, "North Atlantic Oscillation
Dynamics Recorded in Greenland Ice Cores," Science, 1998, 282, pp.
446-449.
[37] A. Reap, "Prognosis of the water fluctuation of Lake Peipsi," in Land
use improving. Tallinn, 1981, pp. 17-24. (In Estonian).
[38] A. M. Doganovski, "Cyclic fluctuation of water level in the lakes during
last centuary," in Geography and natural resources, 3, Novosibirsk,
1982, pp. 152-156. (In Russian).
[39] L. I. Glaza─ìeva, Cycles of natural processes and water levels of the lakes
and rivers. Riga, 1977. (In Russian).
[40] I. Libin and A. Jaani, "Influense of solar energy to the geophisical and
hydrological processes," News of the Academy of Science, ESSR.
Biologija, 1989, 38, 2, pp. 97-106.
[41] J.-M. Punning, M. Kangur, T. Koff and G. Possnert, "Holocene lakelevel
changes and their reflection in the paleolimnological records of two
lakes in northern Estonia," Journal of Paleolimnology, 2003, 29 (2), pp.
167-178.
[42] F. Oldfield, "The Holocene, a special time," in Global change in the
Holocene, A. Mackay, R. Battarbee, J. Birks and F. Oldfield, Eds.,
London: Arnold, 2003.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:57573", author = "Galya Kapanen and Jaan–Mati Punning and Irina Blinova and Külli Kangur", title = "The Roles of Natural and Anthropogenic Factors of Ecological State in the Lake Peipsi ", abstract = "In this paper we discuss the problems of the long-term management policy of Lake Peipsi and the roles of natural and anthropogenic factors in the ecological state of the lake. The reduction of the pollution during the last 15 years could not give significant changes of the chemical composition of the water, what implicates the essential role that natural factors have on the ecological state of lake. One of the most important factors having impact on the hydrochemical cycles and ecological state is the hydrological regime which is clearly expressed in L. Peipsi. The absence on clear interrelations of climate cycles and nutrients suggest that complex abiotic and biotic interactions, which take place in the lake ecosystem, plays a significant role in the matter circulation mechanism within lake. ", keywords = "Lake Peipsi, ecosystem, eutrophication, waterfluctuation, NAO.", volume = "1", number = "4", pages = "28-6", }
