The effect of flooding can be a serious problem for
wheat farmers, even at dry land condition. Amount of flooding
damage depends on duration flooding, developmental stage, wheat
type and variety. Therefore as a factorial experiment in randomized
complete design based on winter bread wheat cultivars (Pishtaz,
Marvdasht, Shiraz, Zarin, Shahriar, C-81-4, Sardari, Agosta seed,
FGS and Azar2) at stages (Non- flooding stress, flooding at tillering
and stem elongation stages for 15 days) carried out in Faculty of
Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. During flooding,
soil environment of plant roots were water saturated. Analysis of
variance showed that flooding had a significant effect on the number
of grains per spike, grain weight per spike and a grain weight. Hence
flooding reduces the number of grain per spike between 27.1 to 42.5
percent, grain weight per spike between 34.7 to 54.4 percent and
single grain weight between 12.1 to 15.1 percent. Effects of flooding
at the tillering stage reduced higher than stem elongation stage on
studied traits. The result also showed that flooding at tillering stage
delayed spikelet primordial and floret. Between wheat cultivars was
significant for traits, but were different reactions. "Shiraz", "Zarin"
and "Shahriar" had the most no. grain per spike, but "Zarin" and
"Sardari" had the most grain weight per spike and single grain
weight, respectively. Also, interaction between start of flooding and
cultivar was significant.
[1] A. Collaku, and S. A. Harison, "Losses in wheat due to
waterlogging," Crop Science, 2002, vol. 42, pp. 444-450.
[2] A. I. Malik, T. D. Colmer, H. Lambers, T. L. Setter, and M.
Schotemeyer, "Short-term waterlogging has long-term effects on the
growth and physiology of wheat," New Phytologist, 2002, vol. 153,
pp. 225-236.
[3] A. I. Malik, T. D. Colmer, H. Lambers, T. L. Setter, M. Schotemeyer,
"Changes in physiological and morphological traits of roots and
shoots of wheat in response to different depths of waterlogging,"
Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 2001, vol. 28, pp. 1121-
1131.
[4] B. B. Vartapetian, and M. B. Jackson, "Plant adaptations to
anaerobic stress," Annals of Botany, 1997, vol. 79, pp. 3-20.
[5] B. R. Huang, and J. W. Johanson "Root respiration and carbohydrate
status of two wheat genotypes to hypoxia," Annals of Botany, 1995,
vol. 75 (4), pp. 427-432.
[6] D. P. Sharma, and A. Swarup, "Effect of nutrient composition of
wheat in alkaline soils," Journal of Agricultural Science (UK), 1998,
vol. 112, pp. 191-197.
[7] M. E. Ghobadi, and M. Ghobadi, "Effect of anoxia on root growth
and grain yield of wheat cultivars," World Academy of Science,
Engineering and Technology, 2010, vol. 71, pp. 191-194.
[8] M. E. Ghobadi, H. Nadian, M. Bakhshandeh, G. Fathi, M. H.
Gharineh, K. Alami-said and M. Ghobadi, "Study of root growth,
biological yield and grain yield of wheat genotypes under
waterlogging stress during different growth stages," Seed and Plant Journal,
2007, vol. 22(4), pp. 513-527.
[9] M. E. Ghobadi, M. Bakhshandeh, H. Nadian, G. Fathi, M. H. Gharineh and
M. Ghobadi, "Effect of waterlogging on grain elements of wheat (Triticum
aestivum L.)," Abstracts proceeding of 10th Iranian Congress of Soil
Science. 26-28 August 2007, The University of Tehran, pp. 386-387.
[10] M. E. Ghobadi, M. Bakhshandeh, H. Nadian, G. Fathi, M. H. Gharineh, K.
Alami-said and M. Ghobadi, "Effect of waterlogging durations at different
growth stages of wheat on yield and yield components," The Scientific
Journal of Agriculture, 2007, vol. 30, pp. 133-146.
[11] M. E. Ghobadi, M. Ghobadi, and A. Zebarjadi, "Effects of waterlogging
stress on root and shoot growth in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.),"
Abstracts proceeding of 5th International Crop Science Congress. 13-18
April 2008, Jeju, Korea, 2008, pp. 126.
[12] M. E. Ghobadi, M. Ghobadi, and A. Zebarjadi, "Effects of waterlogging
stress on seedling growth on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.),"
Abstract Book of the 1st Iranian Conference of Plant Physiology. Isfahan
University of Technology. 12-13 August, 2009, pp. 78.
[13] M. E. Musgrave, "Waterlogging effects on yield and photosynthesis in 8
winter wheat cultivars," Crop Science, 1994, vol. 34, pp. 1314-1318.
[14] M. E. Musgrave, and N. Ding, "Evaluating wheat cultivars for
waterlogging tolerance," Crop Science, 1998, vol. 34, pp. 90-97.
[15] T. L. Setter, and I. Waters, "Review of prospects for germplasm
improvement for waterlogging tolerance in wheat, barley and oats," Plant
and Soil, 2003, vol. 253, pp. 1-34.
[1] A. Collaku, and S. A. Harison, "Losses in wheat due to
waterlogging," Crop Science, 2002, vol. 42, pp. 444-450.
[2] A. I. Malik, T. D. Colmer, H. Lambers, T. L. Setter, and M.
Schotemeyer, "Short-term waterlogging has long-term effects on the
growth and physiology of wheat," New Phytologist, 2002, vol. 153,
pp. 225-236.
[3] A. I. Malik, T. D. Colmer, H. Lambers, T. L. Setter, M. Schotemeyer,
"Changes in physiological and morphological traits of roots and
shoots of wheat in response to different depths of waterlogging,"
Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 2001, vol. 28, pp. 1121-
1131.
[4] B. B. Vartapetian, and M. B. Jackson, "Plant adaptations to
anaerobic stress," Annals of Botany, 1997, vol. 79, pp. 3-20.
[5] B. R. Huang, and J. W. Johanson "Root respiration and carbohydrate
status of two wheat genotypes to hypoxia," Annals of Botany, 1995,
vol. 75 (4), pp. 427-432.
[6] D. P. Sharma, and A. Swarup, "Effect of nutrient composition of
wheat in alkaline soils," Journal of Agricultural Science (UK), 1998,
vol. 112, pp. 191-197.
[7] M. E. Ghobadi, and M. Ghobadi, "Effect of anoxia on root growth
and grain yield of wheat cultivars," World Academy of Science,
Engineering and Technology, 2010, vol. 71, pp. 191-194.
[8] M. E. Ghobadi, H. Nadian, M. Bakhshandeh, G. Fathi, M. H.
Gharineh, K. Alami-said and M. Ghobadi, "Study of root growth,
biological yield and grain yield of wheat genotypes under
waterlogging stress during different growth stages," Seed and Plant Journal,
2007, vol. 22(4), pp. 513-527.
[9] M. E. Ghobadi, M. Bakhshandeh, H. Nadian, G. Fathi, M. H. Gharineh and
M. Ghobadi, "Effect of waterlogging on grain elements of wheat (Triticum
aestivum L.)," Abstracts proceeding of 10th Iranian Congress of Soil
Science. 26-28 August 2007, The University of Tehran, pp. 386-387.
[10] M. E. Ghobadi, M. Bakhshandeh, H. Nadian, G. Fathi, M. H. Gharineh, K.
Alami-said and M. Ghobadi, "Effect of waterlogging durations at different
growth stages of wheat on yield and yield components," The Scientific
Journal of Agriculture, 2007, vol. 30, pp. 133-146.
[11] M. E. Ghobadi, M. Ghobadi, and A. Zebarjadi, "Effects of waterlogging
stress on root and shoot growth in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.),"
Abstracts proceeding of 5th International Crop Science Congress. 13-18
April 2008, Jeju, Korea, 2008, pp. 126.
[12] M. E. Ghobadi, M. Ghobadi, and A. Zebarjadi, "Effects of waterlogging
stress on seedling growth on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.),"
Abstract Book of the 1st Iranian Conference of Plant Physiology. Isfahan
University of Technology. 12-13 August, 2009, pp. 78.
[13] M. E. Musgrave, "Waterlogging effects on yield and photosynthesis in 8
winter wheat cultivars," Crop Science, 1994, vol. 34, pp. 1314-1318.
[14] M. E. Musgrave, and N. Ding, "Evaluating wheat cultivars for
waterlogging tolerance," Crop Science, 1998, vol. 34, pp. 90-97.
[15] T. L. Setter, and I. Waters, "Review of prospects for germplasm
improvement for waterlogging tolerance in wheat, barley and oats," Plant
and Soil, 2003, vol. 253, pp. 1-34.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:59725", author = "M. E. Ghobadi and M. Ghobadi and A. Zebarjadi", title = "The Response of Winter Wheat to Flooding", abstract = "The effect of flooding can be a serious problem for
wheat farmers, even at dry land condition. Amount of flooding
damage depends on duration flooding, developmental stage, wheat
type and variety. Therefore as a factorial experiment in randomized
complete design based on winter bread wheat cultivars (Pishtaz,
Marvdasht, Shiraz, Zarin, Shahriar, C-81-4, Sardari, Agosta seed,
FGS and Azar2) at stages (Non- flooding stress, flooding at tillering
and stem elongation stages for 15 days) carried out in Faculty of
Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. During flooding,
soil environment of plant roots were water saturated. Analysis of
variance showed that flooding had a significant effect on the number
of grains per spike, grain weight per spike and a grain weight. Hence
flooding reduces the number of grain per spike between 27.1 to 42.5
percent, grain weight per spike between 34.7 to 54.4 percent and
single grain weight between 12.1 to 15.1 percent. Effects of flooding
at the tillering stage reduced higher than stem elongation stage on
studied traits. The result also showed that flooding at tillering stage
delayed spikelet primordial and floret. Between wheat cultivars was
significant for traits, but were different reactions. "Shiraz", "Zarin"
and "Shahriar" had the most no. grain per spike, but "Zarin" and
"Sardari" had the most grain weight per spike and single grain
weight, respectively. Also, interaction between start of flooding and
cultivar was significant.", keywords = "Flooding, winter wheat, yield components", volume = "5", number = "6", pages = "350-3", }