The Potential of Strain M Protease in Degradations of Protein in Natural Rubber Latex
Strain M was isolated from the latex of Hevea brasiliensis that grow in the rubber farm area of Malaysia Rubber Board. Strain M was tentatively identified as Bacillus sp. Strain M demonstrated high protease production at pH 9, and this was suitable to be applied in rubber processing that was in alkaline conditions. The right and suitable proportion to be used in applying supernatant into the latex was two parts of latex and one part of enzyme. In this proportion, the latex was stable throughout the 72 hours of treatment. The potential of strain M to degrade protein in the natural rubber latex was proven with the reduction of 79.3% nitrogen in 24 hours treatment. Centrifugation process of the latex before undergoing the treatment had increased the protein degradation in latex. Although the centrifugation process did not achieve zero nitrogen content, it had improved the performance of protein denaturing in the natural rubber.
[1] B.L. Archer, "Biochemistry of enzymic deproteinisation of Hevea
brasiliensis latex", Proceedings of the International Rubber
Conferences, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ,1975 , pp:54.
[2] Q. K. Beg, V.Sahai, and R. Gupta, " Statistical media
optimization and alkaline protease production from Bacillus mojavensis
in a bioreactor" , Process Biochemistry, 39:pp203-209, 2003.
[3] U.C. Banerjee, R.K. Sani, W. Azmi, R. Soni, "Thermostable alkaline
protease from Bacillus brevis and its characterization as a laundry
detergent additive" , Process Biochem , 35: pp213-219, 1999.
[4] K. J. Cherrappathanathu , "Microbial studies of Hevea latex with
Particular reference to its keeping quality and coagulation", Thesis for
the Degree D. Sc. (Agric.) to the University of Gent, Belgium, 1977.
[5] A. S. Cook, and B.C. Sekhar, "Fraction from Hevea brasiliensis latex
centrifuged at 59 000g", J. Rubb. Res. Ins. Malaya, 14, pp163, 1953.
[6] R. Gupta, Q.K. Beg, and P. Lorenz, "Bacterial alkaline protease:
molecular approaches and industrial application", Appl. Microbial. Biot.
59: pp15-32,2002.
[7] A. Hameed, T. Keshavarz, C.S. Evan, "Effect of dissolved oxygen
tension on pH on the production of extracellular protease from a new
isolated of Bacillus subtilis K2, for use in leather processing". J Chem
Technol Biotechnol , 74:pp5-8 , 1999.
[8] H. Hasma, and Alias ," Role of some non rubber constituents on
thermal oxidative Ageing of natural rubber", J Nat. Rubb. Res., 5(1),
pp1-8. 1990.
[9] L. N. S. Homans, and G. E. Van Gils, "Fresh Hevea latex. A complex
colloidal system", Proc 2nd Rubber Technol. Conf. London , Cambridge:
W. Heffer and Sons Ltd. , 1948 , pp 292.
[10] B. Johnvesly , and G.R. Naik , "Studies on production of thermostable
alkaline protease from thermophilic and alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. JB-99
in a chemically defined medium", Process biochemistry, 37: pp 139-
144, 2001.
[11] H.S. Joo , G.C. Kumar, G.C. Park, S.R. Paik, C.S. Chang , "Oxidant and
SDS stable alkaline protease from Bacillus clausii I-52: production and
some properties", J Appl Microbial., 95:pp 267-72 , 2003.
[12] C.G. Kumar, H. Takagi, "Microbial alkaline protease. From a
bioindustrial viewpoints". Biotechnol. Adv. , 17, pp561-594, 1999.
[13] A. I. McMullen, Journal of the Rubber Research Institute of Malaya ,
13:29 , 1951.
[14] G. F. J. Moir,"Ultracentrifugation and staining of Hevea latex", Nature,
Lond. 184, pp1626, 1959.
[15] S. H. Moon, and S. J. Parulekar, "A parametric study of protease
production in batch and fed batch culture of Bacillus firmus", Biotechnol
Bioeng. , 37: pp 467-483 , 1991.
[16] N. Ichikawa, A. H. Eng , and T. Yasutuki , "Properties of Deproteinised
Natural Rubber latex". Proceedings International Rubber Technology
Conferences 1993 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. , 1993.
[17] W.C.A. Nascimento , M.L.L. Martins , "Production and properties of an
extracellular protease from thermophilic Bacillus sp", Braz J
Microbiol. ;35:91-96. doi: 10.1590/S1517-83822004000100015 , 2004.
[18] S.H. Ong, R. Rahman, "Breeding and selection of clonal genotype for
climatic stress conditions". Proceeding IRRDB Symp. Vol I General soil,
Fertilization and Breeding & Selection. Ho Chi Minh City ,1997 , pp
149-154.
[19] R.N.Z.A. Rahman, L.P. Geok, M. Basri, A.B. Salleh, "Physical factors
affecting the production of organic solvent-tolerent protease by
Pseudomonas aeriginosa strain K", Bioresource Technol. 96: pp429-
436, 2005.
[20] S. Roychoudhury, S.J. Parulekar, W.A. Weigand, "Cell Growth and a-
Amylase Production Characteristics of Bacillus
amyloliquefaciens". Biotechnol Bioeng. 1988;33:197-206. doi:
10.1002/bit.260330209. , 1998.
[21] W. A. Southorn, (1961). "Microscopy of Hevea latex". Proc. Nat. Rubb.
Res. Conf. Kuala Lumpur , 1960, pp766.
[22] S. Sen , and T. Satyanarayana, "Optimization of alkaline protease
production by thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis S-40". Ind J
Microbiol. 33: pp43-47, 1993.
[23] H. Takami, T. Akiba, and K. Horikoshi , "Production of extremely
thermostable alkaline protease from Bacillus sp. AH-101". Appl
Microbial Biotechnol, 30: pp120-124 , 1989.
[24] S.L. Wang, T. Y. Kao, C. L. Wang, Y. H. Yen, M. K. Chern, Y.H. Chen,
"A solvent stable metalloprotease produced by Bacillus sp. TKU004 and
its application in the deproteinization of squid pen for β-chitin
preparation", Enzyme Microb Tech; 39:724-731. doi:
10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.12.007. , 2006.
[25] V. H. Wenworth, "Improvement in the preparation of purified latex and
the preparation of rubber therefrom". Br. Pat. No. 551 666. , 1941.
[26] J. F. Smith , Treatment of rubber. Br. Pat. Applic. No. 37 575/71 , 1971.
[27] I. Darah, and C.O. Ibrahim, "Effect of agitation on production of lignindegrading
enzymes by Phanerochaete chrysosporium grown in shakeflask
cultures". As. Pac. J. Mol. Biol. Biotechnol. , 4, pp174-182 , 1996.
[28] J. Frankena, G. M. Koningstein, H. W. Van Verseveld, A. H.
Stouthamer, "Effect of different limitations in chemostat cultures on
growth and production of exocellular protease by Bacillus
licheniformis". Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. ,24:pp106-112 , 1986.
[1] B.L. Archer, "Biochemistry of enzymic deproteinisation of Hevea
brasiliensis latex", Proceedings of the International Rubber
Conferences, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ,1975 , pp:54.
[2] Q. K. Beg, V.Sahai, and R. Gupta, " Statistical media
optimization and alkaline protease production from Bacillus mojavensis
in a bioreactor" , Process Biochemistry, 39:pp203-209, 2003.
[3] U.C. Banerjee, R.K. Sani, W. Azmi, R. Soni, "Thermostable alkaline
protease from Bacillus brevis and its characterization as a laundry
detergent additive" , Process Biochem , 35: pp213-219, 1999.
[4] K. J. Cherrappathanathu , "Microbial studies of Hevea latex with
Particular reference to its keeping quality and coagulation", Thesis for
the Degree D. Sc. (Agric.) to the University of Gent, Belgium, 1977.
[5] A. S. Cook, and B.C. Sekhar, "Fraction from Hevea brasiliensis latex
centrifuged at 59 000g", J. Rubb. Res. Ins. Malaya, 14, pp163, 1953.
[6] R. Gupta, Q.K. Beg, and P. Lorenz, "Bacterial alkaline protease:
molecular approaches and industrial application", Appl. Microbial. Biot.
59: pp15-32,2002.
[7] A. Hameed, T. Keshavarz, C.S. Evan, "Effect of dissolved oxygen
tension on pH on the production of extracellular protease from a new
isolated of Bacillus subtilis K2, for use in leather processing". J Chem
Technol Biotechnol , 74:pp5-8 , 1999.
[8] H. Hasma, and Alias ," Role of some non rubber constituents on
thermal oxidative Ageing of natural rubber", J Nat. Rubb. Res., 5(1),
pp1-8. 1990.
[9] L. N. S. Homans, and G. E. Van Gils, "Fresh Hevea latex. A complex
colloidal system", Proc 2nd Rubber Technol. Conf. London , Cambridge:
W. Heffer and Sons Ltd. , 1948 , pp 292.
[10] B. Johnvesly , and G.R. Naik , "Studies on production of thermostable
alkaline protease from thermophilic and alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. JB-99
in a chemically defined medium", Process biochemistry, 37: pp 139-
144, 2001.
[11] H.S. Joo , G.C. Kumar, G.C. Park, S.R. Paik, C.S. Chang , "Oxidant and
SDS stable alkaline protease from Bacillus clausii I-52: production and
some properties", J Appl Microbial., 95:pp 267-72 , 2003.
[12] C.G. Kumar, H. Takagi, "Microbial alkaline protease. From a
bioindustrial viewpoints". Biotechnol. Adv. , 17, pp561-594, 1999.
[13] A. I. McMullen, Journal of the Rubber Research Institute of Malaya ,
13:29 , 1951.
[14] G. F. J. Moir,"Ultracentrifugation and staining of Hevea latex", Nature,
Lond. 184, pp1626, 1959.
[15] S. H. Moon, and S. J. Parulekar, "A parametric study of protease
production in batch and fed batch culture of Bacillus firmus", Biotechnol
Bioeng. , 37: pp 467-483 , 1991.
[16] N. Ichikawa, A. H. Eng , and T. Yasutuki , "Properties of Deproteinised
Natural Rubber latex". Proceedings International Rubber Technology
Conferences 1993 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. , 1993.
[17] W.C.A. Nascimento , M.L.L. Martins , "Production and properties of an
extracellular protease from thermophilic Bacillus sp", Braz J
Microbiol. ;35:91-96. doi: 10.1590/S1517-83822004000100015 , 2004.
[18] S.H. Ong, R. Rahman, "Breeding and selection of clonal genotype for
climatic stress conditions". Proceeding IRRDB Symp. Vol I General soil,
Fertilization and Breeding & Selection. Ho Chi Minh City ,1997 , pp
149-154.
[19] R.N.Z.A. Rahman, L.P. Geok, M. Basri, A.B. Salleh, "Physical factors
affecting the production of organic solvent-tolerent protease by
Pseudomonas aeriginosa strain K", Bioresource Technol. 96: pp429-
436, 2005.
[20] S. Roychoudhury, S.J. Parulekar, W.A. Weigand, "Cell Growth and a-
Amylase Production Characteristics of Bacillus
amyloliquefaciens". Biotechnol Bioeng. 1988;33:197-206. doi:
10.1002/bit.260330209. , 1998.
[21] W. A. Southorn, (1961). "Microscopy of Hevea latex". Proc. Nat. Rubb.
Res. Conf. Kuala Lumpur , 1960, pp766.
[22] S. Sen , and T. Satyanarayana, "Optimization of alkaline protease
production by thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis S-40". Ind J
Microbiol. 33: pp43-47, 1993.
[23] H. Takami, T. Akiba, and K. Horikoshi , "Production of extremely
thermostable alkaline protease from Bacillus sp. AH-101". Appl
Microbial Biotechnol, 30: pp120-124 , 1989.
[24] S.L. Wang, T. Y. Kao, C. L. Wang, Y. H. Yen, M. K. Chern, Y.H. Chen,
"A solvent stable metalloprotease produced by Bacillus sp. TKU004 and
its application in the deproteinization of squid pen for β-chitin
preparation", Enzyme Microb Tech; 39:724-731. doi:
10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.12.007. , 2006.
[25] V. H. Wenworth, "Improvement in the preparation of purified latex and
the preparation of rubber therefrom". Br. Pat. No. 551 666. , 1941.
[26] J. F. Smith , Treatment of rubber. Br. Pat. Applic. No. 37 575/71 , 1971.
[27] I. Darah, and C.O. Ibrahim, "Effect of agitation on production of lignindegrading
enzymes by Phanerochaete chrysosporium grown in shakeflask
cultures". As. Pac. J. Mol. Biol. Biotechnol. , 4, pp174-182 , 1996.
[28] J. Frankena, G. M. Koningstein, H. W. Van Verseveld, A. H.
Stouthamer, "Effect of different limitations in chemostat cultures on
growth and production of exocellular protease by Bacillus
licheniformis". Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. ,24:pp106-112 , 1986.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:64230", author = "Norlin Pauzi and Ahmad R.M. Yahya and Zairossani Nor and Amirul A. Abdullah", title = "The Potential of Strain M Protease in Degradations of Protein in Natural Rubber Latex", abstract = "Strain M was isolated from the latex of Hevea brasiliensis that grow in the rubber farm area of Malaysia Rubber Board. Strain M was tentatively identified as Bacillus sp. Strain M demonstrated high protease production at pH 9, and this was suitable to be applied in rubber processing that was in alkaline conditions. The right and suitable proportion to be used in applying supernatant into the latex was two parts of latex and one part of enzyme. In this proportion, the latex was stable throughout the 72 hours of treatment. The potential of strain M to degrade protein in the natural rubber latex was proven with the reduction of 79.3% nitrogen in 24 hours treatment. Centrifugation process of the latex before undergoing the treatment had increased the protein degradation in latex. Although the centrifugation process did not achieve zero nitrogen content, it had improved the performance of protein denaturing in the natural rubber.
", keywords = "Hevea brasiliensis, Bacillus sp., protease, latex.", volume = "4", number = "5", pages = "389-7", }
