The Impact of Copper and Zinc Deficiency on Milk Production Performances of Intensively Grazed Dairy Cows on the North-East of Romania
The influence of copper and zinc supplements on milk
production performances and health indicators was tested in a 20-
week feeding trial, with 40 Holstein-Friesian lactating cows, devided
in four groups (copper, zinc, copper-zinc and control). Correlations of
the Cu and Zn plasma values with some animal performance criteria
of health (body condition score and somatic cell counts) and
production (milk yield, peak milk yield, fat and crude protein
content) were done. During the 140 days of the experiment, the two
added minerals caused a statistically significant increase (p < 0.05) of
their plasma values after the peak of the cows’ lactations. It was also
observed that subjects that have received copper and zinc
supplements had the lowest number of somatic cell counts in milk.
The Pearson correlation test showed a positive corellation (p = 0.007,
r = + 0.851) between the plasma Zn and the milk production. The
improvement of the nutritional status improved the milk production
performances of the cows as well as their health performances.
<p>[1] P. Andar, I.N. Robu, R. Nicolescu, U. Siewers, and H. Larenz.
Geochemical atlas of Romania, Geological Institute of Romania-IGR.
Bucharest, Hannover, 2006.
[2] A.H. Andrews, R.W. Blowey, H. Boyd, and R.G. Eddy. Bovine medicine
diseases and husbandry of cattle, 2nd edition. Blackwell Science.
Oxford, 2004, pp. 249-265.
[3] A. Anton. Researches regarding copper and zinc deficiency in cattle (in
Romanian), PhD thesis. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. USAMV Iasi,
2010.
[4] R.K. Braun, G.A. Donovan, T.Q. Tran, J.K. Shearer, E.L. Bliss, D.W.
Webb, D.K. Beede, and B. Harris. “Body condition scoring dairy cows
as a herd management tool”, Comp. Cont. Educ. Pract., vol. 9, 1987, pp.
192-200.
[5] C. Burvenich, E. Monfardini, J. Mehrzad, A.V. Capuco, and M.J. Paape.
„Role of neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes during bovine
coliform mastitis: physiology or pathology?” Koninklijke Academie voor
Geneeskunde van Belgie, vol. 66: 2004, pp. 97-150.
[6] Commission Regulation. „Commission Regulation No 1334/2003 of 25
July 2003 amending the conditions for authorisation of a number of
additives in feedingstuffs belonging to the group of trace elements”.
Annex. Official Journal of the European Union. L 187/11, 26.7.2003,
Brussels.
[7] C.M. Cope, A.M. Mackenzie, D. Wilde, and L.A. Sinclair. „Effects of
level and form of dietary zinc on dairy cow performance and health”, J.
Dairy Sci. vol. 92, 2009, pp. 2128–2135.
[8] C.S. Cortinhas, B.G. Botaro, M.C.A. Sucupira, F.P. Renno, and M.V.
Santos. „Antioxidant enzymes and somatic cell count in dairy cows fed
with organic source of zinc, copper, and selenium”, Livest. Sci. vol. 127,
2010, pp. 84-87.
[9] Council Directive. 1998. „Council Directive 98/83/EC of 3 November
1998 on the quality of water intended for human consumption”. Annex I.
Official Journal of the European Communities. L 330/32, 5.12.98, 32-
54.
[10] Council Directive. „Council Directive 98/58/CE of 20 July 1998
concerning the protection of animals kept for farming purpose”. Official
Journal L221, 08.08.1998, 23-27.
[11] D.E. Diaconu. Some physical-chemical study of drinking water sources
with sanitary and pharmaceutical implications in Moldavia (in
Romanian), PhD thesis. Faculty of Farmacy. UMF Iasi, 2009.
[12] A.J. Edmondson, I.J. Lean, L.D. Weaver, T. Farver, and G. Webster. „A
body condition scoring chart for Holstein dairy cows”, J. Dairy Sci.,vol.
72, 1989, pp. 68–78.
[13] E. M. Evans and B. Halliwell. „Micronutrients oxidant/antioxidant
status”, Brit. J. Nutr., vol. 85, 2001. pp. s57-s74.
[14] A. Formigoni, M. Fustini, L. Archetti, S. Emanuele, C. Sniffen, and G.
Biagi. „Effects of an organic source of copper, manganese and zinc on
dairy cattle productive performance, health status and fertility”, Anim.
Feed Sci. Tech., vol. 164(3-4), 2011, pp. 191-198.
[15] S. Ghergariu. Oligomineraleș i oligomineraloze, Academiei, 1980, pp.
59-189
[16] L.M. Griffiths, S.H. Loeffler, M.T. Socha, D.J. Tomlinson, and A.B.
Johnson. „Effects of supplementing complexed zinc, manganese, copper
and cobalt on lactation and reproductive performance of intensively
grazed lacting dairy cattle on the South Island of New Zealand”, Anim.
Feed Sci. Tech., vol. 137, 2007, pp. 69-83.
[17] H.T. Herdt, W. Rumbeiha, and W.E. Braselton. „The use of blood
analyses to evaluate mineral status in livestock”, Vet. Clin. N. Am.-Food
A. vol. 16, 2000, pp. 423-444.
[18] I. Hullar, and A. Brand. „Nutritional factors affecting milk quality, with
special regard to milk protein: a rewiew”, Acta Vet. Hung., vol. 41 (1-2):
1993, pp.11-32.
[19] P. Jackson, and P. Cockcroft. Clinical examination of farms animals,
Blackwell Science. Malden, 2002, p. 313.
[20] S.Z. Janosi, and Z.S. Baltay. „Correlations among the somatic cell count
of individual bulk milk, result of the California Mastitis test and
bacteriological status of the udder in dairy cows”, Acta Vet. Hung., vol.
52 (2), 2004, pp. 173-183.
[21] D.W. Kellogg. „Zinc methionine affects performance of lactating cows”,
Feedstuffs, vol. 62 (35), 1990, p.15.
[22] S. Kinal, D. Korniewicz, D. Jamroz, A. Korniewicz, M. Slupczynska, M.
Bodarski, R. Zieminski, S. Osieglowski, and I. Dymarski. „The
effectiveness of zinc, copper and manganese applied in organic forms in
diets of high milk yielding cows”, J. Food Agric. Environ., vol. 5, 2007,
pp. 189–193.
[23] A. Lionide, D. Curca, M. Samarineanu, A. Cismileanu, D. Nica, C.
Toca, and D. Botus. „Efectul suplimentarii rației cu zinc organic la
vi ei asupra raspunsului imun umoral”, Scientific Works Veterinary
Medicine, C Series LII, 2007, pp. 291-298.
[24] L.R. McDowell. Minerals in anumal and human nutrition, Elsevier
Science. Amsterdam, 2003, pp. 260-270
[25] D. Mihele. Medical Biochemistry (in Romanian). 2nd edition. Medicala.
Bucharest, 2006.
[26] National Research Council. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. 7th
edition. National Academy Sciences. Washington. D.C., 2001, pp. 236-
267.
[27] J.E. Nocek, M.T. Socha, and D.J. Tomlinson. „The effect of trace
mineral fortification level and source on performance of dairy cattle”, J.
Dairy Sci.,vol. 89, 2006, pp. 2679–2693.
[28] P.J. Parsons, and F.Jr. Barbosa. „Atomic spectrometry and trends in
clinical laboratory medicine”, Spectrochimica Acta Part B, vol. 62,
2007, pp. 992-1003.
[29] O.M. Radostits, C.C. Gay, D.C. Blood, and K.W. Hinchcliff. Veterinary
Medicine. A textbook of the diseases of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and
horses, 10th edition. Saunders W.B. Philadelphia. 2007, pp. 1707-1732.
[30] R.W. Scaletti, D.S. Trammell, B.A. Smith, and R.J. Harmon. „Role
ofdietary copper in enhancing resistance to Escherichia coli mastitis”, J.
Dairy Sci., vol. 86, 2003, pp. 1240–1249.
[31] M.C. Sharma, and C. Joshi. „Therapeutic eficacy of zinc sulphate used
in clustered model treatment in alleviating zinc deficiency in cattle and
its effect on hormones, vitamins and production parameters”, Vet. Res.
Comm. Vol. 29, 2005, pp. 609-628.
[32] J.L. Siciliano-Jones, M.T. Socha, D.J. Tomlinson, and J.M. DeFrain.
„Effect of trace mineral source on lactation performance, claw integrity,
and fertility of dairy cattle”, J. Dairy Sci. vol. 91, 2008, pp. 1985–1995.
[33] N.F. Suttle. „Trace element disorder”, in: Diseases and husbandry of
cattle, Blackwell Publishing. Oxford, 2004, pp. 294-308.
[34] W.P. Weiss. „Relationship of mineral and vitamin supplement with
mastitis and milk quality”. in: National Mastitis Council Annual Meeting
Proceeding, Orlando, USA, 2003, pp. 37–44
[35] W.P. Weiss, and D.J. Wyatt. „Effects of feeding diets based on silage
from corn hybrids that differed in concentration and in vitro digestibility
of neutral detergent fiber to dairy cows”, J. Dairy Sci., vol. 85, 2002, pp.
3462–3469.</p>
<p>[1] P. Andar, I.N. Robu, R. Nicolescu, U. Siewers, and H. Larenz.
Geochemical atlas of Romania, Geological Institute of Romania-IGR.
Bucharest, Hannover, 2006.
[2] A.H. Andrews, R.W. Blowey, H. Boyd, and R.G. Eddy. Bovine medicine
diseases and husbandry of cattle, 2nd edition. Blackwell Science.
Oxford, 2004, pp. 249-265.
[3] A. Anton. Researches regarding copper and zinc deficiency in cattle (in
Romanian), PhD thesis. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. USAMV Iasi,
2010.
[4] R.K. Braun, G.A. Donovan, T.Q. Tran, J.K. Shearer, E.L. Bliss, D.W.
Webb, D.K. Beede, and B. Harris. “Body condition scoring dairy cows
as a herd management tool”, Comp. Cont. Educ. Pract., vol. 9, 1987, pp.
192-200.
[5] C. Burvenich, E. Monfardini, J. Mehrzad, A.V. Capuco, and M.J. Paape.
„Role of neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes during bovine
coliform mastitis: physiology or pathology?” Koninklijke Academie voor
Geneeskunde van Belgie, vol. 66: 2004, pp. 97-150.
[6] Commission Regulation. „Commission Regulation No 1334/2003 of 25
July 2003 amending the conditions for authorisation of a number of
additives in feedingstuffs belonging to the group of trace elements”.
Annex. Official Journal of the European Union. L 187/11, 26.7.2003,
Brussels.
[7] C.M. Cope, A.M. Mackenzie, D. Wilde, and L.A. Sinclair. „Effects of
level and form of dietary zinc on dairy cow performance and health”, J.
Dairy Sci. vol. 92, 2009, pp. 2128–2135.
[8] C.S. Cortinhas, B.G. Botaro, M.C.A. Sucupira, F.P. Renno, and M.V.
Santos. „Antioxidant enzymes and somatic cell count in dairy cows fed
with organic source of zinc, copper, and selenium”, Livest. Sci. vol. 127,
2010, pp. 84-87.
[9] Council Directive. 1998. „Council Directive 98/83/EC of 3 November
1998 on the quality of water intended for human consumption”. Annex I.
Official Journal of the European Communities. L 330/32, 5.12.98, 32-
54.
[10] Council Directive. „Council Directive 98/58/CE of 20 July 1998
concerning the protection of animals kept for farming purpose”. Official
Journal L221, 08.08.1998, 23-27.
[11] D.E. Diaconu. Some physical-chemical study of drinking water sources
with sanitary and pharmaceutical implications in Moldavia (in
Romanian), PhD thesis. Faculty of Farmacy. UMF Iasi, 2009.
[12] A.J. Edmondson, I.J. Lean, L.D. Weaver, T. Farver, and G. Webster. „A
body condition scoring chart for Holstein dairy cows”, J. Dairy Sci.,vol.
72, 1989, pp. 68–78.
[13] E. M. Evans and B. Halliwell. „Micronutrients oxidant/antioxidant
status”, Brit. J. Nutr., vol. 85, 2001. pp. s57-s74.
[14] A. Formigoni, M. Fustini, L. Archetti, S. Emanuele, C. Sniffen, and G.
Biagi. „Effects of an organic source of copper, manganese and zinc on
dairy cattle productive performance, health status and fertility”, Anim.
Feed Sci. Tech., vol. 164(3-4), 2011, pp. 191-198.
[15] S. Ghergariu. Oligomineraleș i oligomineraloze, Academiei, 1980, pp.
59-189
[16] L.M. Griffiths, S.H. Loeffler, M.T. Socha, D.J. Tomlinson, and A.B.
Johnson. „Effects of supplementing complexed zinc, manganese, copper
and cobalt on lactation and reproductive performance of intensively
grazed lacting dairy cattle on the South Island of New Zealand”, Anim.
Feed Sci. Tech., vol. 137, 2007, pp. 69-83.
[17] H.T. Herdt, W. Rumbeiha, and W.E. Braselton. „The use of blood
analyses to evaluate mineral status in livestock”, Vet. Clin. N. Am.-Food
A. vol. 16, 2000, pp. 423-444.
[18] I. Hullar, and A. Brand. „Nutritional factors affecting milk quality, with
special regard to milk protein: a rewiew”, Acta Vet. Hung., vol. 41 (1-2):
1993, pp.11-32.
[19] P. Jackson, and P. Cockcroft. Clinical examination of farms animals,
Blackwell Science. Malden, 2002, p. 313.
[20] S.Z. Janosi, and Z.S. Baltay. „Correlations among the somatic cell count
of individual bulk milk, result of the California Mastitis test and
bacteriological status of the udder in dairy cows”, Acta Vet. Hung., vol.
52 (2), 2004, pp. 173-183.
[21] D.W. Kellogg. „Zinc methionine affects performance of lactating cows”,
Feedstuffs, vol. 62 (35), 1990, p.15.
[22] S. Kinal, D. Korniewicz, D. Jamroz, A. Korniewicz, M. Slupczynska, M.
Bodarski, R. Zieminski, S. Osieglowski, and I. Dymarski. „The
effectiveness of zinc, copper and manganese applied in organic forms in
diets of high milk yielding cows”, J. Food Agric. Environ., vol. 5, 2007,
pp. 189–193.
[23] A. Lionide, D. Curca, M. Samarineanu, A. Cismileanu, D. Nica, C.
Toca, and D. Botus. „Efectul suplimentarii rației cu zinc organic la
vi ei asupra raspunsului imun umoral”, Scientific Works Veterinary
Medicine, C Series LII, 2007, pp. 291-298.
[24] L.R. McDowell. Minerals in anumal and human nutrition, Elsevier
Science. Amsterdam, 2003, pp. 260-270
[25] D. Mihele. Medical Biochemistry (in Romanian). 2nd edition. Medicala.
Bucharest, 2006.
[26] National Research Council. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. 7th
edition. National Academy Sciences. Washington. D.C., 2001, pp. 236-
267.
[27] J.E. Nocek, M.T. Socha, and D.J. Tomlinson. „The effect of trace
mineral fortification level and source on performance of dairy cattle”, J.
Dairy Sci.,vol. 89, 2006, pp. 2679–2693.
[28] P.J. Parsons, and F.Jr. Barbosa. „Atomic spectrometry and trends in
clinical laboratory medicine”, Spectrochimica Acta Part B, vol. 62,
2007, pp. 992-1003.
[29] O.M. Radostits, C.C. Gay, D.C. Blood, and K.W. Hinchcliff. Veterinary
Medicine. A textbook of the diseases of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and
horses, 10th edition. Saunders W.B. Philadelphia. 2007, pp. 1707-1732.
[30] R.W. Scaletti, D.S. Trammell, B.A. Smith, and R.J. Harmon. „Role
ofdietary copper in enhancing resistance to Escherichia coli mastitis”, J.
Dairy Sci., vol. 86, 2003, pp. 1240–1249.
[31] M.C. Sharma, and C. Joshi. „Therapeutic eficacy of zinc sulphate used
in clustered model treatment in alleviating zinc deficiency in cattle and
its effect on hormones, vitamins and production parameters”, Vet. Res.
Comm. Vol. 29, 2005, pp. 609-628.
[32] J.L. Siciliano-Jones, M.T. Socha, D.J. Tomlinson, and J.M. DeFrain.
„Effect of trace mineral source on lactation performance, claw integrity,
and fertility of dairy cattle”, J. Dairy Sci. vol. 91, 2008, pp. 1985–1995.
[33] N.F. Suttle. „Trace element disorder”, in: Diseases and husbandry of
cattle, Blackwell Publishing. Oxford, 2004, pp. 294-308.
[34] W.P. Weiss. „Relationship of mineral and vitamin supplement with
mastitis and milk quality”. in: National Mastitis Council Annual Meeting
Proceeding, Orlando, USA, 2003, pp. 37–44
[35] W.P. Weiss, and D.J. Wyatt. „Effects of feeding diets based on silage
from corn hybrids that differed in concentration and in vitro digestibility
of neutral detergent fiber to dairy cows”, J. Dairy Sci., vol. 85, 2002, pp.
3462–3469.</p>
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:65017", author = "Alina Anton and Gheorghe Solcan and Carmen Solcan", title = "The Impact of Copper and Zinc Deficiency on Milk Production Performances of Intensively Grazed Dairy Cows on the North-East of Romania", abstract = "The influence of copper and zinc supplements on milk
production performances and health indicators was tested in a 20-
week feeding trial, with 40 Holstein-Friesian lactating cows, devided
in four groups (copper, zinc, copper-zinc and control). Correlations of
the Cu and Zn plasma values with some animal performance criteria
of health (body condition score and somatic cell counts) and
production (milk yield, peak milk yield, fat and crude protein
content) were done. During the 140 days of the experiment, the two
added minerals caused a statistically significant increase (p < 0.05) of
their plasma values after the peak of the cows’ lactations. It was also
observed that subjects that have received copper and zinc
supplements had the lowest number of somatic cell counts in milk.
The Pearson correlation test showed a positive corellation (p = 0.007,
r = + 0.851) between the plasma Zn and the milk production. The
improvement of the nutritional status improved the milk production
performances of the cows as well as their health performances.
", keywords = "Copper, dairy cows, health, milk production, zinc", volume = "7", number = "8", pages = "822-6", }
