The Evaluation and the Comparison of the Effect of Without Engine Power and Power Mechanical Systems on Rice Weed
In order to study the influence of different methods of controlling weeds such as mechanical weeding and mechanical weeder efficiency analysis in mechanical cultivation conditions, in farming year of 2011 an experiment was done in a farm in coupling and development of technology center in Haraz,Iran. The treatments consisted of (I) control treatment: where no weeding was done, (II) use of mechanical weeding without engine and (III) power mechanical weeding. Results showed that experimental treatments had significantly different effects (p=0.05) on yield traits and number of filled grains per panicle, while treatments had the significant effects on grain weight and dry weight of weeds in the first, second and third weeding methods at 1% of confidence level. Treatment (II) had its most significant effect on number of filled grains per panicle and yield performance standpoint, which was 3705.97 kg ha-1 in its highest peak. Treatment (III) was ranked as second influential with 3559.8 kg ha-1. In addition, under (I) treatments, 2364.73 kg ha-1 of yield produced. The minimum dry weights of weeds in all weeding methods were related to the treatment (II), (III) and (I), respectively. The correlation coefficient analysis showed that total yield had a significant positive correlation with the panicle grain yield per plant (r= 0.55*) and the number of grains per panicle-1 (r= 0.57*) and the number of filled grains (r= 0.63*). Total rice yield also had negative correlation of r= -0. 64* with weed dry weight at second weed sampling time (17 DAT). The weed dry weight at third and fourth sampling times (24 and 40 DAT) had negative correlations of -0.65** and r=-0.61* with rice yield, respectively.
[1] J.R. Abernathy, Winds of change, Weed Technol 6:760-764, 1992.
[2] A.L. Anaya, Allelopathy as a tool in the management of biotic resources,
Cr Rev Plant Sci 19: 697-739, 2003.
[3] F.M .Ashton, T.J. Monaco, weed science: principle and practices, 3rd
edn. John Wiley and sons, New York, p 466, 1991.
[4] F .Atajuddin, Mechanizing Indian Agriculture. Kisan World, 31, No 6, p
46, 2004.
[5] I.U.Awan, M. Shahid, M.A. Nadeem, Comparative study of variable
seeding rates and herbicides application for weed control in direct wet
seeded rice, Pak J Bio Sci3:1824-1826, 2000.
[6] M .Azmi, B.B .Baki, Impact of continuous direct seeding rice culture on
weed species diversity in the Malaysian rice ecosystem. Paper presented
at the Regional Symposium on Environment and Natural Resource,
Kualalumpur, Malaysia, 10-11 April ,2002.
[7] E.C. Fernandes, N. Uphoff, Summary from conference reports, In
Assessment of the System for Rice Intensification (SRI), Paper
presented at the Int Conf held in Sanya, China, 1-4 Apri, 2002.
[8] G.A.S .Ginigaddara, S.L. Ranamukhaarachchi ,Effect of conventional,
SRI and modified water management on growth, yield and water
productivity of direct-seeded and transplanted rice in central Thailand,
Aust J Crop Sci 3(5):278-286, 2009.
[9] A .Hemmat, O .Taki, Comparison of compaction and puddling as preplanting
soil preparation for mechanized rice transplanting in very
gravelly Calcisols in central Iran, Soil & Tillage Res 70: 65-72, 2003.
[10] P.O. Imeokparia, Control of cut grass (Leersia hexandra) in direct
seeded low land rice at Badeggi, Agronomy Seminar Ahmadu Bello
University, Zaria, 1989.
[11] IRRI, International Rice Research Institute, A handbook of weed control
in rice, P 113, 2010.
[12] D.S .Kim, E.J.P. Marshall, P .Brain, J.C. Caseley, Modeling the effects
of sub- lethal doses of herbicide and nitrogen fertilizer on crop- weed
competition, Weed Res 46: 492- 502, 2006.
[13] M.A. Mahadi, S.A. Dadari, M .Mahmud, B.A. Babaji, Effect of preemergence
herbicides on yield and yield components of rice, J Food
Agric Environ 4(2): 164-167, 2005.
[14] K .Moody, Post- planting weed control in direct seeded rice. Paper
Presented at a Rice Symposium, Malaysian Agricultural Development
Institute, Penang, Malaysia, 25- 27 September 1990.
[15] D .Nangju, D.L .Plucknett, S.R. Obien, Performance of carboncoated
rice seed on flooded soil, Weed Sci 24: 73- 80, 1976.
[16] D.J. Rajkhowa, Effect of herbicides with or without paddy weeder on
weeds in transplanted summer rice (oryza sativa). Indian J Agron
52(2):107-110, 2008.
[17] K. Ramamoorthy, K.V Selvarao, K.N. Chinnaswami, Varietal response
of rice to different water regimes, Indian J Agron 38: 468-469, 1993.
[18] T.R.J. Remington, L. Posner, On-farm evaluation of weed control
technologies indirect-seeded rice in The Gambia, Starkey P and
Simalenga T (eds), Animal power for weed control, Technical Centre for
Agricultural and Rural Cooperation, Wageningen, The Netherlands,
2000.
[19] A .Samadi-Maybodi, E. Atashbozorg ,Quantitative and qualitative
studies of silica in different rice samples grown in north of Iran using
UV-vis, XRD and IR spectroscopy techniques, Talanta 70: 756-760,
2006.
[20] L. Senthillkumar,Effect of weed control methods on rice cultivars in
Indian rice field, Online J Biol Sci 3: 119- 123, 2003.
[21] H .Shibayama Integrated management of paddy weeders in Japan,
National agricultural research center (NARC), 1991.
[22] V.P. Singh, G Singh, S.P. Singh, A Kumar, Y. Singh ,Effect of rice-
wheat establishment methods and wheat management in the irrigated
rice-wheat production system , Paper presented at the Workshop on
Direct Seeded Rice in the Rice-Wheat System of the Indo-Gangetic
Plains held in Pantnagar, Uttaranchal, University of Agriculture and
Technology, India, 1-2 February, 2005.
[23] S.K. Sinha and J .Talati, Productivity impacts of the system of rice
intensification (SRI): A case study in West Bengal, India. Agr Water
Manag 87: 55-60, 2007.
[24] T .Tamado and P. Milberg, Weed flora in arable fields of eatern
Ethiopiawiht emphasis on the occurrence of (parthenium hysteroph
orus), Weed Res 40: 507-512, 2000.
[25] N .Uphoff, Higher yields with fewer external inputs? The system of rice
intensification and potential contributions to agricultural sustainability,
Int J Ag, 2003.
[1] J.R. Abernathy, Winds of change, Weed Technol 6:760-764, 1992.
[2] A.L. Anaya, Allelopathy as a tool in the management of biotic resources,
Cr Rev Plant Sci 19: 697-739, 2003.
[3] F.M .Ashton, T.J. Monaco, weed science: principle and practices, 3rd
edn. John Wiley and sons, New York, p 466, 1991.
[4] F .Atajuddin, Mechanizing Indian Agriculture. Kisan World, 31, No 6, p
46, 2004.
[5] I.U.Awan, M. Shahid, M.A. Nadeem, Comparative study of variable
seeding rates and herbicides application for weed control in direct wet
seeded rice, Pak J Bio Sci3:1824-1826, 2000.
[6] M .Azmi, B.B .Baki, Impact of continuous direct seeding rice culture on
weed species diversity in the Malaysian rice ecosystem. Paper presented
at the Regional Symposium on Environment and Natural Resource,
Kualalumpur, Malaysia, 10-11 April ,2002.
[7] E.C. Fernandes, N. Uphoff, Summary from conference reports, In
Assessment of the System for Rice Intensification (SRI), Paper
presented at the Int Conf held in Sanya, China, 1-4 Apri, 2002.
[8] G.A.S .Ginigaddara, S.L. Ranamukhaarachchi ,Effect of conventional,
SRI and modified water management on growth, yield and water
productivity of direct-seeded and transplanted rice in central Thailand,
Aust J Crop Sci 3(5):278-286, 2009.
[9] A .Hemmat, O .Taki, Comparison of compaction and puddling as preplanting
soil preparation for mechanized rice transplanting in very
gravelly Calcisols in central Iran, Soil & Tillage Res 70: 65-72, 2003.
[10] P.O. Imeokparia, Control of cut grass (Leersia hexandra) in direct
seeded low land rice at Badeggi, Agronomy Seminar Ahmadu Bello
University, Zaria, 1989.
[11] IRRI, International Rice Research Institute, A handbook of weed control
in rice, P 113, 2010.
[12] D.S .Kim, E.J.P. Marshall, P .Brain, J.C. Caseley, Modeling the effects
of sub- lethal doses of herbicide and nitrogen fertilizer on crop- weed
competition, Weed Res 46: 492- 502, 2006.
[13] M.A. Mahadi, S.A. Dadari, M .Mahmud, B.A. Babaji, Effect of preemergence
herbicides on yield and yield components of rice, J Food
Agric Environ 4(2): 164-167, 2005.
[14] K .Moody, Post- planting weed control in direct seeded rice. Paper
Presented at a Rice Symposium, Malaysian Agricultural Development
Institute, Penang, Malaysia, 25- 27 September 1990.
[15] D .Nangju, D.L .Plucknett, S.R. Obien, Performance of carboncoated
rice seed on flooded soil, Weed Sci 24: 73- 80, 1976.
[16] D.J. Rajkhowa, Effect of herbicides with or without paddy weeder on
weeds in transplanted summer rice (oryza sativa). Indian J Agron
52(2):107-110, 2008.
[17] K. Ramamoorthy, K.V Selvarao, K.N. Chinnaswami, Varietal response
of rice to different water regimes, Indian J Agron 38: 468-469, 1993.
[18] T.R.J. Remington, L. Posner, On-farm evaluation of weed control
technologies indirect-seeded rice in The Gambia, Starkey P and
Simalenga T (eds), Animal power for weed control, Technical Centre for
Agricultural and Rural Cooperation, Wageningen, The Netherlands,
2000.
[19] A .Samadi-Maybodi, E. Atashbozorg ,Quantitative and qualitative
studies of silica in different rice samples grown in north of Iran using
UV-vis, XRD and IR spectroscopy techniques, Talanta 70: 756-760,
2006.
[20] L. Senthillkumar,Effect of weed control methods on rice cultivars in
Indian rice field, Online J Biol Sci 3: 119- 123, 2003.
[21] H .Shibayama Integrated management of paddy weeders in Japan,
National agricultural research center (NARC), 1991.
[22] V.P. Singh, G Singh, S.P. Singh, A Kumar, Y. Singh ,Effect of rice-
wheat establishment methods and wheat management in the irrigated
rice-wheat production system , Paper presented at the Workshop on
Direct Seeded Rice in the Rice-Wheat System of the Indo-Gangetic
Plains held in Pantnagar, Uttaranchal, University of Agriculture and
Technology, India, 1-2 February, 2005.
[23] S.K. Sinha and J .Talati, Productivity impacts of the system of rice
intensification (SRI): A case study in West Bengal, India. Agr Water
Manag 87: 55-60, 2007.
[24] T .Tamado and P. Milberg, Weed flora in arable fields of eatern
Ethiopiawiht emphasis on the occurrence of (parthenium hysteroph
orus), Weed Res 40: 507-512, 2000.
[25] N .Uphoff, Higher yields with fewer external inputs? The system of rice
intensification and potential contributions to agricultural sustainability,
Int J Ag, 2003.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:61621", author = "F. E. Cherati and T. Naij and A. Amraei and Y. Hosseinpor", title = "The Evaluation and the Comparison of the Effect of Without Engine Power and Power Mechanical Systems on Rice Weed", abstract = "In order to study the influence of different methods of controlling weeds such as mechanical weeding and mechanical weeder efficiency analysis in mechanical cultivation conditions, in farming year of 2011 an experiment was done in a farm in coupling and development of technology center in Haraz,Iran. The treatments consisted of (I) control treatment: where no weeding was done, (II) use of mechanical weeding without engine and (III) power mechanical weeding. Results showed that experimental treatments had significantly different effects (p=0.05) on yield traits and number of filled grains per panicle, while treatments had the significant effects on grain weight and dry weight of weeds in the first, second and third weeding methods at 1% of confidence level. Treatment (II) had its most significant effect on number of filled grains per panicle and yield performance standpoint, which was 3705.97 kg ha-1 in its highest peak. Treatment (III) was ranked as second influential with 3559.8 kg ha-1. In addition, under (I) treatments, 2364.73 kg ha-1 of yield produced. The minimum dry weights of weeds in all weeding methods were related to the treatment (II), (III) and (I), respectively. The correlation coefficient analysis showed that total yield had a significant positive correlation with the panicle grain yield per plant (r= 0.55*) and the number of grains per panicle-1 (r= 0.57*) and the number of filled grains (r= 0.63*). Total rice yield also had negative correlation of r= -0. 64* with weed dry weight at second weed sampling time (17 DAT). The weed dry weight at third and fourth sampling times (24 and 40 DAT) had negative correlations of -0.65** and r=-0.61* with rice yield, respectively.
", keywords = "Dry weight, without engine mechanical weeder, power mechanical weeder, yield rice.", volume = "6", number = "3", pages = "96-6", }
