The Effects of Sodium Chloride in the Formation of Size and Shape of Gold (Au)Nanoparticles by Microwave-Polyol Method for Mercury Adsorption
Mercury is a natural occurring element and present in
various concentrations in the environment. Due to its toxic effects, it
is desirable to research mercury sensitive materials to adsorb
mercury. This paper describes the preparation of Au nanoparticles for
mercury adsorption by using a microwave (MW)-polyol method in
the presence of three different Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
concentrations (10, 20 and 30 mM). Mixtures of spherical, triangular,
octahedral, decahedral particles and 1-D product were obtained using
this rapid method. Sizes and shapes was found strongly depend on the
concentrations of NaCl. Without NaCl concentration, spherical,
triangular plates, octahedral, decahedral nanoparticles and 1D
product were produced. At the lower NaCl concentration (10 mM),
spherical, octahedral and decahedral nanoparticles were present,
while spherical and decahedral nanoparticles were preferentially form
by using 20 mM of NaCl concentration. Spherical, triangular plates,
octahedral and decahedral nanoparticles were obtained at the highest
NaCl concentration (30 mM). The amount of mercury adsorbed using
20 ppm mercury solution is the highest (67.5 %) for NaCl
concentration of 30 mM. The high yield of polygonal particles will
increase the mercury adsorption. In addition, the adsorption of
mercury is also due to the sizes of the particles. The sizes of particles
become smaller with increasing NaCl concentrations (size ranges, 5-
16 nm) than those synthesized without addition of NaCl (size ranges
11-32 nm). It is concluded that NaCl concentrations affects the
formation of sizes and shapes of Au nanoparticles thus affects the
mercury adsorption.
[1] R. Ebinghaus, R.M. Tripathi, D. Wallschlager and S.E. Lindberg, 1999.
Natural and anthropogenic mercury sources and their impact on the airsurface
exchange of mercury on regional and global scales. In:
Ebinghaus, R., R.R. Turner, L.D. de Lacerda., O. Vasiliev and W.
Solomons, Editors, 1999. Mercury contaminated sites-characterization,
risk assessment and remediation, Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 3-50.
G.K. Darbha, A. Ray and P.C. Ray, "Gold nanoparticle-based
miniaturized nanomaterial surface energy transfer probe for rapid and
ultrasensitive detection of mercury in soil, water and fish," J. Am. Chem.
Soc., vol. 1, pp. 208-214, Oct. 2007.
[3] Tsuji, M., M. Hashimoto, Y. Nishizawa and T. Tsuji, "Preparation of
gold nanoplates by a microwave-polyol method," Chem. Lett., vol. 32,
pg. 1114, 2003.
[4] K.S.N. Kamarudin, K.S.N and M.F. Mohamad, "Synthesis of gold (Au)
nanoparticles for mercury adsorption," Am. J. Applied. Sci., vol. 7, pp.
835-839, 2010.
[5] M.F. Mohamad, K.S.N. Kamarudin, N.N.F.N.M. Fathilah and M.S.
Mohamed, "Effects of PVP concentration on the formation of size and
shape of gold (Au) nanoparticles for mercury adsorption," J. Applied
Sci., vol. 10, pp. 3374-3378, Oct. 2010.
[6] M. Tsuji, M. Hashimoto, Y. Nishizawa and T. Tsuji, "Synthesis of gold
nanorods and nanowires by microwave-polyol method," Mater. Lett.,
vol. 58, pp. 2326-2330, Dec. 2004.
[7] S.H. Im, Y.T. Lee, B. Wiley and Y. Xia, "Large-scale synthesis of silver
nanocubes: The role of HCl in promoting cube perfection and
monodispersity," Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., vol. 44, pp. 2154-2157, Mar.
2005.
[8] B. Wiley, T. Herricks, Y. Sun and Y. Xia, "Polyol synthesis of silver
nanoparticles: Use of chloride and oxygen to promote the formation of
single-crystal, truncated cubes and tetrahedrons," Nano Lett., vol. 4, pp.
1733-1730, Aug. 2004.
[9] Y. Sun and Y.J. Xia, "Mechanistic study on the replacement reaction
between silver nanostructures and Chloroauric acid in the aqueous
medium," Am. Chem. Soc., vol. 126, pp. 3892-3901, Mar. 2004.
[10] B. Wiley, Y. Sun and Y. Xia, "Polyol synthesis of silver nanostructures:
Control of product morphology with Fe(II) or Fe(III) species,"
Langmuir, vol. 21, pp. 8077-8080, Aug. 2005.
[11] A. Henglein, "Radiolytic preparation of ultrafine colloidal gold particles
in aqueous solution: Optical spectrum, controlled growth, and some
chemical reactions," Langmuir, vol. 15, pp. 6738-6744, July. 1999.
[12] I. Pastoriza-Santos and L.M. Liz-Marzan, "Formation of PVP-protected
metal nanoparticles in DMF," Langmuir, vol. 18, pp. 2888-2894, Feb.
2002.
[13] N. Malikova, I. Pastoriza-Santos, M. Schierhom, N.A. Kotov and L.M.
Liz-Marzan, "Layer-by-layer assembled mixed spherical and planar gold
nanoparticles: Control of interparticle interactions," Langmuir, vol. 18,
pp. 3694-3697, Mar. 2002.
[1] R. Ebinghaus, R.M. Tripathi, D. Wallschlager and S.E. Lindberg, 1999.
Natural and anthropogenic mercury sources and their impact on the airsurface
exchange of mercury on regional and global scales. In:
Ebinghaus, R., R.R. Turner, L.D. de Lacerda., O. Vasiliev and W.
Solomons, Editors, 1999. Mercury contaminated sites-characterization,
risk assessment and remediation, Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 3-50.
G.K. Darbha, A. Ray and P.C. Ray, "Gold nanoparticle-based
miniaturized nanomaterial surface energy transfer probe for rapid and
ultrasensitive detection of mercury in soil, water and fish," J. Am. Chem.
Soc., vol. 1, pp. 208-214, Oct. 2007.
[3] Tsuji, M., M. Hashimoto, Y. Nishizawa and T. Tsuji, "Preparation of
gold nanoplates by a microwave-polyol method," Chem. Lett., vol. 32,
pg. 1114, 2003.
[4] K.S.N. Kamarudin, K.S.N and M.F. Mohamad, "Synthesis of gold (Au)
nanoparticles for mercury adsorption," Am. J. Applied. Sci., vol. 7, pp.
835-839, 2010.
[5] M.F. Mohamad, K.S.N. Kamarudin, N.N.F.N.M. Fathilah and M.S.
Mohamed, "Effects of PVP concentration on the formation of size and
shape of gold (Au) nanoparticles for mercury adsorption," J. Applied
Sci., vol. 10, pp. 3374-3378, Oct. 2010.
[6] M. Tsuji, M. Hashimoto, Y. Nishizawa and T. Tsuji, "Synthesis of gold
nanorods and nanowires by microwave-polyol method," Mater. Lett.,
vol. 58, pp. 2326-2330, Dec. 2004.
[7] S.H. Im, Y.T. Lee, B. Wiley and Y. Xia, "Large-scale synthesis of silver
nanocubes: The role of HCl in promoting cube perfection and
monodispersity," Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., vol. 44, pp. 2154-2157, Mar.
2005.
[8] B. Wiley, T. Herricks, Y. Sun and Y. Xia, "Polyol synthesis of silver
nanoparticles: Use of chloride and oxygen to promote the formation of
single-crystal, truncated cubes and tetrahedrons," Nano Lett., vol. 4, pp.
1733-1730, Aug. 2004.
[9] Y. Sun and Y.J. Xia, "Mechanistic study on the replacement reaction
between silver nanostructures and Chloroauric acid in the aqueous
medium," Am. Chem. Soc., vol. 126, pp. 3892-3901, Mar. 2004.
[10] B. Wiley, Y. Sun and Y. Xia, "Polyol synthesis of silver nanostructures:
Control of product morphology with Fe(II) or Fe(III) species,"
Langmuir, vol. 21, pp. 8077-8080, Aug. 2005.
[11] A. Henglein, "Radiolytic preparation of ultrafine colloidal gold particles
in aqueous solution: Optical spectrum, controlled growth, and some
chemical reactions," Langmuir, vol. 15, pp. 6738-6744, July. 1999.
[12] I. Pastoriza-Santos and L.M. Liz-Marzan, "Formation of PVP-protected
metal nanoparticles in DMF," Langmuir, vol. 18, pp. 2888-2894, Feb.
2002.
[13] N. Malikova, I. Pastoriza-Santos, M. Schierhom, N.A. Kotov and L.M.
Liz-Marzan, "Layer-by-layer assembled mixed spherical and planar gold
nanoparticles: Control of interparticle interactions," Langmuir, vol. 18,
pp. 3694-3697, Mar. 2002.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:55428", author = "Mawarni F. Mohamad and Khairul S.N. Kamarudin and Nik N.F.N.M. Fathilah and Mohamad M. Salleh", title = "The Effects of Sodium Chloride in the Formation of Size and Shape of Gold (Au)Nanoparticles by Microwave-Polyol Method for Mercury Adsorption", abstract = "Mercury is a natural occurring element and present in
various concentrations in the environment. Due to its toxic effects, it
is desirable to research mercury sensitive materials to adsorb
mercury. This paper describes the preparation of Au nanoparticles for
mercury adsorption by using a microwave (MW)-polyol method in
the presence of three different Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
concentrations (10, 20 and 30 mM). Mixtures of spherical, triangular,
octahedral, decahedral particles and 1-D product were obtained using
this rapid method. Sizes and shapes was found strongly depend on the
concentrations of NaCl. Without NaCl concentration, spherical,
triangular plates, octahedral, decahedral nanoparticles and 1D
product were produced. At the lower NaCl concentration (10 mM),
spherical, octahedral and decahedral nanoparticles were present,
while spherical and decahedral nanoparticles were preferentially form
by using 20 mM of NaCl concentration. Spherical, triangular plates,
octahedral and decahedral nanoparticles were obtained at the highest
NaCl concentration (30 mM). The amount of mercury adsorbed using
20 ppm mercury solution is the highest (67.5 %) for NaCl
concentration of 30 mM. The high yield of polygonal particles will
increase the mercury adsorption. In addition, the adsorption of
mercury is also due to the sizes of the particles. The sizes of particles
become smaller with increasing NaCl concentrations (size ranges, 5-
16 nm) than those synthesized without addition of NaCl (size ranges
11-32 nm). It is concluded that NaCl concentrations affects the
formation of sizes and shapes of Au nanoparticles thus affects the
mercury adsorption.", keywords = "Adsorption, Au Nanoparticles, Mercury, SodiumChloride.", volume = "5", number = "2", pages = "157-5", }