The Effects of Signal Level of the Microwave Generator on the Brillouin Gain Spectrum in BOTDA and BOTDR
In this study, Brillouin Gain Spectrum (BGS) is
experimentally analyzed in the Brillouin Optical Time Domain
Reflectometry (BOTDR) and Brillouin Optical Time Domain
Analyzer (BOTDA). For this purpose, the signal level of the
microwave generator is varied and the effects of BGS are
investigated. In the setups, 20 km conventional single mode fiber is
used to both setups and laser wavelengths are selected around 1550
nm. To achieve best results, it can be used between 5 dBm to 15 dBm
signal level of microwave generator for BOTDA and BOTDR setups.
[1] R. Sifta, P. Munster, P. Sysel, T. Horvath, V. Novotny, O. Krajsa, M.
Filka, “Distributed fiber-optic sensor for detection and localization of
acoustic vibrations,” Metrol. Meas. Syst., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 111–118,
2015.
[2] M.A. Soto, G. Bolognini, Pasquale, F.D., Thévenaz, L. “Simplex-coded
BOTDA fiber sensor with 1 m spatial resolution over a 50 km range,”
Optical Letters, vol. 35, pp. 259-261, 2010.
[3] Hao, H., Li, W., Linze, N., Chen, L., Bao, X. “High resolution DPPBOTDA
over 50 km fiber using return to zero coded pulses,” Optical
Letters, vol. 35, pp.1503-1505, 2010
[4] Soto, M.A., Bolognini, G., Pasquale, F.D. “Optimization of long-range
BOTDA sensors with high resolution using first-order bi-directional
Raman amplification,” Opt. Express, vol.19, pp. 4444-4457, 2011.
[5] Andrew, M. “Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Single-Mode Optical
Fiber”, Phd. Thesis, University of Virginia, 1997.
[6] M.N. Alahbabi, “Distributed Optical Fiber Sensors Based on the
Coherent Detection of Spontaneous Brillouin Scattering,” Phd. Thesis,
University of Southampton, Optoelectronic Research Centre, 2005.
[7] A. Kobyakov, M. Sauer, and D. Chowdhury, “Stimulated Brillouin
scattering in optical fibers,” Advances in Optics and Photonics, vol. 2,
pp.1-59, 2010.
[8] E. Lichtman, R. G. Waarts, and A. A. Friesem, “Stimulated Brillouin
scattering excited by a modulated pump wave in single-mode fibers,”
Lightwave Technology, vol. 7, pp. 171–174, 1989.
[9] A. Yeniay, M.-M. Delavaux, and J. Toulouse. “Spontaneous and
stimulated brillouin scattering gain spectra in optical fibers”, Lightwave
Technology, vol. 20, pp.1425-1432, 2002.
[10] R.W. Boyd, K. Rzazewski, and P. Narum. “Noise initiation of stimulated
brillouin scattering,” Physical Review, vol.42, pp. 5514-5520, 1990.
[11] R.G. Smith., “Optical power handling capacity of low-loss optical fibers
as determined by stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering”, Applied
Optics, vol.11, pp. 2489-2494, 1972. [12] D. Cotter., “Stimulated Brillouin scattering in monomode optical fiber,”
Journal of Optical Communications, vol.4, pp.10-19, 1983.
[13] D. Cotter., “Observation of stimulated Brillouin scattering in low loss
silica fiber at 1.3 μm.” Electronics Letters, vol.18, pp.495-496, 1982.
[14] S. Sato Y. Koyamada, S. Nakamura, and an nd W. Chujo H.
Sotobayashi. “Simulating and designing Brillouin gain spectrum in
single-mode fibers,” Journal of Lightwave Technologies, vol.22, pp.631-
639, 2004.
[15] A. Loayssa, R. Hernadez, D. Benito, and S. Galech., “Characterization
of stimulated Brillouin scattering spectra by use of optical singlesideband
modulation,” Optical Letters, vol.29, pp.638-640, 2004.
[16] D.A. Fishman and J.A. Nagel., “Degradations due to stimulated
Brillouin scattering in multigigabit intensity-modulated fiber optic
systems,” Journal of Lightwave Technologies, vol.11, pp.1721-17-28,
1993.
[17] S.P. Smith, Z. Zarinetchi, and S. Ezekiel, “Narrow-linewidth stimulated
brillouin fiber laser and applications,” Optical Letters, vol.16, pp.393-
395, 1991.
[18] Singh, S. P., Gangwar, R., Singh, N., “Nonlinear Scattering Effects in
Optical Fibers,” Progress in Electromagnetics Research, PIER 74,
pp.379–405, 2007.
[19] Xiaorui Li, Huaping Gong, Shuhua Li, Jianfeng Wang, “Experimental
Investigation on Pulse Light Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in the
Optical Fiber,” Communications and Photonics Conference and
Exhibition, Shanghai, pp.1-8., 13-16 Nov 2011.
[20] M. Yücel, H. H. Göktas, M. Yücel, N.F. Öztürk, “The fiber optical
sensing based on Brillouin scattering,” in Proc. 22th, Signal Proces and
Commun. App. Conf. (SIU), Trabzon, Turkey, 23-25 April 2014, pp.
838-841.
[21] M. Yücel, M. Yücel, N.F. Öztürk, H. H. Göktas, “The analyzes of the
Brillouin scattering for the different fiber types,” in Proc. 23th, Signal
Proces and Commun. App. Conf. (SIU), Malatya, Turkey, 16-19 May
2015, pp. 632 – 635.
[1] R. Sifta, P. Munster, P. Sysel, T. Horvath, V. Novotny, O. Krajsa, M.
Filka, “Distributed fiber-optic sensor for detection and localization of
acoustic vibrations,” Metrol. Meas. Syst., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 111–118,
2015.
[2] M.A. Soto, G. Bolognini, Pasquale, F.D., Thévenaz, L. “Simplex-coded
BOTDA fiber sensor with 1 m spatial resolution over a 50 km range,”
Optical Letters, vol. 35, pp. 259-261, 2010.
[3] Hao, H., Li, W., Linze, N., Chen, L., Bao, X. “High resolution DPPBOTDA
over 50 km fiber using return to zero coded pulses,” Optical
Letters, vol. 35, pp.1503-1505, 2010
[4] Soto, M.A., Bolognini, G., Pasquale, F.D. “Optimization of long-range
BOTDA sensors with high resolution using first-order bi-directional
Raman amplification,” Opt. Express, vol.19, pp. 4444-4457, 2011.
[5] Andrew, M. “Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Single-Mode Optical
Fiber”, Phd. Thesis, University of Virginia, 1997.
[6] M.N. Alahbabi, “Distributed Optical Fiber Sensors Based on the
Coherent Detection of Spontaneous Brillouin Scattering,” Phd. Thesis,
University of Southampton, Optoelectronic Research Centre, 2005.
[7] A. Kobyakov, M. Sauer, and D. Chowdhury, “Stimulated Brillouin
scattering in optical fibers,” Advances in Optics and Photonics, vol. 2,
pp.1-59, 2010.
[8] E. Lichtman, R. G. Waarts, and A. A. Friesem, “Stimulated Brillouin
scattering excited by a modulated pump wave in single-mode fibers,”
Lightwave Technology, vol. 7, pp. 171–174, 1989.
[9] A. Yeniay, M.-M. Delavaux, and J. Toulouse. “Spontaneous and
stimulated brillouin scattering gain spectra in optical fibers”, Lightwave
Technology, vol. 20, pp.1425-1432, 2002.
[10] R.W. Boyd, K. Rzazewski, and P. Narum. “Noise initiation of stimulated
brillouin scattering,” Physical Review, vol.42, pp. 5514-5520, 1990.
[11] R.G. Smith., “Optical power handling capacity of low-loss optical fibers
as determined by stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering”, Applied
Optics, vol.11, pp. 2489-2494, 1972. [12] D. Cotter., “Stimulated Brillouin scattering in monomode optical fiber,”
Journal of Optical Communications, vol.4, pp.10-19, 1983.
[13] D. Cotter., “Observation of stimulated Brillouin scattering in low loss
silica fiber at 1.3 μm.” Electronics Letters, vol.18, pp.495-496, 1982.
[14] S. Sato Y. Koyamada, S. Nakamura, and an nd W. Chujo H.
Sotobayashi. “Simulating and designing Brillouin gain spectrum in
single-mode fibers,” Journal of Lightwave Technologies, vol.22, pp.631-
639, 2004.
[15] A. Loayssa, R. Hernadez, D. Benito, and S. Galech., “Characterization
of stimulated Brillouin scattering spectra by use of optical singlesideband
modulation,” Optical Letters, vol.29, pp.638-640, 2004.
[16] D.A. Fishman and J.A. Nagel., “Degradations due to stimulated
Brillouin scattering in multigigabit intensity-modulated fiber optic
systems,” Journal of Lightwave Technologies, vol.11, pp.1721-17-28,
1993.
[17] S.P. Smith, Z. Zarinetchi, and S. Ezekiel, “Narrow-linewidth stimulated
brillouin fiber laser and applications,” Optical Letters, vol.16, pp.393-
395, 1991.
[18] Singh, S. P., Gangwar, R., Singh, N., “Nonlinear Scattering Effects in
Optical Fibers,” Progress in Electromagnetics Research, PIER 74,
pp.379–405, 2007.
[19] Xiaorui Li, Huaping Gong, Shuhua Li, Jianfeng Wang, “Experimental
Investigation on Pulse Light Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in the
Optical Fiber,” Communications and Photonics Conference and
Exhibition, Shanghai, pp.1-8., 13-16 Nov 2011.
[20] M. Yücel, H. H. Göktas, M. Yücel, N.F. Öztürk, “The fiber optical
sensing based on Brillouin scattering,” in Proc. 22th, Signal Proces and
Commun. App. Conf. (SIU), Trabzon, Turkey, 23-25 April 2014, pp.
838-841.
[21] M. Yücel, M. Yücel, N.F. Öztürk, H. H. Göktas, “The analyzes of the
Brillouin scattering for the different fiber types,” in Proc. 23th, Signal
Proces and Commun. App. Conf. (SIU), Malatya, Turkey, 16-19 May
2015, pp. 632 – 635.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:71722", author = "M. Yucel and M. Yucel and N. F. Ozturk and H. H. Goktas and C. Gemci and F. V. Celebi", title = "The Effects of Signal Level of the Microwave Generator on the Brillouin Gain Spectrum in BOTDA and BOTDR", abstract = "In this study, Brillouin Gain Spectrum (BGS) is
experimentally analyzed in the Brillouin Optical Time Domain
Reflectometry (BOTDR) and Brillouin Optical Time Domain
Analyzer (BOTDA). For this purpose, the signal level of the
microwave generator is varied and the effects of BGS are
investigated. In the setups, 20 km conventional single mode fiber is
used to both setups and laser wavelengths are selected around 1550
nm. To achieve best results, it can be used between 5 dBm to 15 dBm
signal level of microwave generator for BOTDA and BOTDR setups.", keywords = "Microwave signal level, Brillouin gain spectrum,
BOTDA, BOTDR.", volume = "10", number = "1", pages = "23-5", }
