The Effects of Sewage Sludge Usage and Manure on Some Heavy Metals Uptake in Savory (Satureja hortensis L.)

In recent decades with the development of technology
and lack of food sources, sewage sludge in production of human
foods is inevitable. Various sources of municipal and industrial
sewage sludge that is produced can provide the requirement of plant
nutrients. Soils in arid, semi-arid climate of central Iran that most
affected by water drainage, iron and zinc deficiencies, using of
sewage sludge is helpful. Therefore, the aim of this study is
investigation of sewage sludge and manure application on Ni, Pb and
Cd uptake by Savory. An experiment in a randomized complete block
design with three replications was performed. Sewage sludge
treatments consisted of four levels, control, 15, 30, 80 tons per
hectares; the manure was used in four levels of control, 20, 40 and 80
tons per hectare. Results showed that the wet and dry weights was not
affected by sewage sludge using, while, manure has significant effect
on them. The effect of sewage sludge on the cadmium and lead
concentrations were significant. Interactions of sewage sludge and
manure on dry weight values were not significant. Compare mean
analysis showed that increasing the amount of sewage sludge had no
significant effect on cadmium concentration and it reduced when
sewage sludge usage increased. This is probably due to increased
plant growth and reduced concentrations of these elements in the
plant.

• A. Hani

• Savory
• lead
• cadmium
• sewage sludge
• manure.

[1] CONAMA (CompañíaNacional Do MeioAmbiente). 2006. Resolucao N° 375/2006. http://www.mma.gov.br/post/conama/legiano/ Sept 29.
[2] V.D. Zheljazkov, and P.R. Warman, Phytoavailability and fractionation of copper, manganese, and zinc in soil following application of two composts to four crops, Environmental Pollution, 2004, 131, 187-195.
[3] J. Romanyà, and P. Rovira, An appraisal of soil organic C content in Mediterranean agricultural soils, Soil Use Managemant, 2011, 27, 321-332.
[4] MK. Kabir, SM. Ullah, S. Jahan, MB. Ullah, and MM. Kamal, Influence of sewage sludge and nitrogen fertilization on growth, nutrient content and heavy metal uptake by rice straw, Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 2008, 43: 571-580.
[5] R.P. Singh, and M. Agrawal, Potential benefits and risks of land application of sewage sludge, Waste Management, 2008, 28, 347-358.
[6] W. Yongjie, and L. Yangsheng, Effects of sewage sludge compost application on crops and cropland in a 3-year field study, Chemosphere, 2005, 59, 1257-1265.
[7] A, Kabata-Pendias, and H. Pendias, Trace Elements in Soils and Plants, 2nd Edition, CRC Press, Boca Ratón, Florida, 1992, 315pp.
[8] D.W. Nelson, and L.E. Sommers, Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter, In: Bigham, J.M. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3. Chemical Methods. ASASSSA, Madison, Wisconsin, USA 1996, pp. 961-1010.
[9] USEPA, Method 3051a: Microwave Assisted Acid Dissolution of Sediments, Sludges, Soils, and Oils, Second ed. US Gov. Print. Office, Washington, 1997b.
[10] P.S. Kidd, D. M. J., J. Dominguez-Rodriguez, and C. Monterroso. Bioavailability and plant accumulation of heavy metals and phosphorus in agricultural soils amended by long-term application of sewage sludge, Chemosphere, 2007, 66:1458-1467.
[11] H. Dahmani-Muller, F. van Oort, B. Gelie, and M. Balabane. Strategies of heavy metal uptake by three plant species growing near a metal smelter, Environmental Pollution. 2000, 109:231-238.
[12] D. l. Heras, J. Man, and P. Labrador, Effects of several applications of digested sewage sludge on soils and plants, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, 2005, 40, 437-451.