The Effect of Silicon on Cadmium Stress in Echium amoenum
The beneficial effects of Si are mainly associated with
its high deposition in plant tissue and enhancing their strength and
rigidity. We investigated the role of Si against cadmium stress in
(Echium C) in house green condition. When the seventh leaves was
be appeared, plants were pretreated with five levels of Si: 0, 0.2, 0.5,
0.7and 1.5 mM Si (as sodium trisilicate, Na2(SiO2)3) and after that
plants were treated with two levels of Cd (30 and 90 mM). The
effects of Silicon and Cd were investigated on some physiological
and biochemical parameters such as: lipid peroxidation
(malondialdehyde (MDA) and other aldehydes, antocyanin and
flavonoid content. Our results showed that Cd significantly increased
MDA, other aldehydes, antocyanin and flavonoids content in
Echium and silicon offset the negative effect and increased tolerance
of Echium against Cd stress. From this results we concluded that Si
increase membrane integrity and antioxidative ability in this plant
against cd stress.
[1] Schreder, P., Fischer, C., Debus, R. & Wenzel, A. (2003). Reaction of
detoxification mechanism in suspension cultured spruce cells (picea
abies L. KARST.) to heavy metals in pure mixture and in soil elutes.
Environmental Science and Pollution Researc (ESPR), 10(4), 225-234.
[2] Llamas, A., Cornelia, I. U. & Sanz, A. (2000). Cadmium effects on
transmembrane electrical potential
[3] Difference, respiration and membrane permeability of rice (Oryza
sativa) roots. Plant and Soil, 219, 21-28.
[4] Marrs, K. A. & Walbot, V. (1997). Expression and RNA splicing of the
maiz glutathione S -transferase Bronze2 gene is regulated by cadmium
and other stresses. Plant Physiology, 113(1), 93-102.
[5] Hegedüs, A., Erdei, S. & Horváth, G. (2001). Comparative studies of
H2O2 detoxifying enzymes in green and greening barley seedlings under
cadmium stress. Plant Science, 160(6), 1085-1093.
[6] Yin-Ming, Li, Chaney, R. L. & Schyciter, A. A. (1994). Effect of soil
chloride on cadmium concentration in sunflower kernels. Plant and Soil,
167, 275-280.
[7] Prasad, M. N. V. (1997). Plant Ecophysiology. John Wiley & Sons, INC.
[8] Fediuk, E. & Erdei, L. (2002). Physiological and biochemical aspects of
cadmium toxicity and protective
[9] Mechanisms induced in Phragmites australia and Typha latifolia. J. Plant
Physiol., 159, 265-271.
[10] Haag-Kerwer, A., Schäfer, H. J., Heiss, S., Walter, C. & Rausch, T.
(1999). Cadmium exposure in Brassica juncea causes a decline in:
transpiration rate and leaf expansion without effect o n photosynthesis.
Journal of Experimental Botany, 341(50), 1827-1835.
[11] Schickler, H. & Caspi, H. (1999). Response of antioxidative enzymes to
nickel and cadmium stress in hyperaccumulator plants of the genus
Alyssum. Physiologia plantarum, 105, 39-44.
[12] Balestrasse, K. B., Garbey, L., Gallego, S. M. & Tomaro, M. L. (2001).
Response of antioxidant defense system in soybean nodules and root
subjected to cadmium stress. Australian Journal of Plant Physiol ., 28, 49
[13] Lagriffoul, A., Mocquot, B., Mench, M. & Vangronsveld, J. (1998).
Cadmium toxicity effects on growth, mineral contents, and activities of
stress related enzymes in young maize plants (Zea mays) . Plant and
Soil, 200, 241-250.
[14] Larsson, E. H., Bornman, J. F. & Asp, H. (1998). Influence of UV -B
radiation and Cd2+ on chlorophyll fluorescence, growth and nutrient
content in Brassica napus. Journal of Experimental Botany, 323(49),
1031-1039.
[15] Hale, K. L., Tufan, H. A., Pickering, I. J., George, G. N. Terry, N.,
Pilon, M. & Pilon-Smits, E. A. H. (2002). Anthocyanins facilitate
tungsten accumulation in Brassica. Physiologia plantarum, 116, 1-9.
[16] Kutchan, T. M. (1995). Anthocyanin Biosynthesis (maize and
Arabidopsis genes) Secondary metabolite derivatives. Plant cell, 7,
1059-1070.7-504.
[17] Epstein, E., 1999. Silicon. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol.
50, 641-644. Ghnaya, T., Nouairi, I., Slama, I., Messedi, D., Grignon,
C., Abdelly, C., Ghorbel,M.H., 2005. Cadmium effects on growth and
mineral nutrition of two halophytes:Sesuvium portulacastrum and
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. J. Plant Physiol.162, 1133-1140.
[18] Liang, Y., Si, J., Ro¨mheld, V., 2005. Silicon uptake and transport in an
active process in Cucumis sativus. New Phytol. 167, 797-804.Liang, Y.,
Wong, J.W.C., Wei, L., 2005. Silicon-mediated enhancement of
cadmium tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) grown in cadmium
contaminated soil. Chemosphere 58, 475-483.
[19] Neumann, D., zur Nieden, U., 2001. Silicon and heavy metal tolerance
of higher plants. Phytochemistry 56, 685-692.
[20] Che' rif, M., Benhamou, N., Menzies, J.G., Be' langer, R.R., 1992.
Silicon induced resistance in cucumber plants against Pythium ultimum.
Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 41, 411-425.
[21] Heath, R. L. & Packer, L. (1968). Photoperoxidation in isolated
chloroplast. I. Kinetics and stochiometery of fatty acid peroxidation.
Archive of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 125, 189-190
[22] Chen, Y. X., He, Y. F., Luo, Y. M., Yu, Y. L., Lin, Q. & Wongs, M. H.
(2003). Physiological mechanism of plant root exposed to cadmium.
Chemosphere, 50(6), 789-793.
[23] G├│mez-Arroyo, S., Cortés-Eslava, J., Bedolla-Cansino, R. M.,
Villalobos-Piertini, R., Caldró-Segura, M. E. & Ramírez-Delgado, Y.
(2001). Sister chromatid exchanges induced by heavy metals in Vicia
faba.Biologia Palntarum, 44(4), 591- 594.
[24] Dixit, V., Pandey, V. & Shyam, R. (2001). Differential antioxidative
responses to cadmium in roots and leaves of pea (Pissum sativum L. cv.
Azad). Journal of Experimental Botany, 52(358), 1101-1109.
[25] Sanita di Toppi, L., Gabrielli, R. (1999). Review, Response to cadmium
in higher plants. EnvironmentalAnd Experimental Botany ,41,105-130
[26] Liang YC (1998). Effects of silicon on leaf ultrastructure, chlorophyll
content and photosynthetic activity in barley under salt stress.
Pedosphere. 8: 289-296.
[27] Agarie S, Hanaoka N, Ueno O, Miyazaki A, Kubota F, Agata
W,Kaufman PB (1998). Effects of silicon on tolerance to water deficit
and heat stress in rice plants (Oryza sativa L.), monitored by electrolyte
leakage. Plant Prod. Sci. 1: 96-103.
[28] Popova, L., Pancheva, T. and Uzunova, A., 1997. Salicylic acid:
Properties, Biosynthesis and Physiological role. Plant Physiol. 23: 85-
93.1. Schreder, P., Fischer, C., Debus, R. & Wenzel, A. (2003). Reaction
of detoxification mechanism insuspension cultured spruce cells (picea
abies L. KARST.) to heavy metals in pure mixture and in soilelutes.
Environmental Science and Pollution Researc (ESPR), 10(4), 225-234
[29] Verstra eten S.V., keen C.L., schmitz H.H., FRA -GA C.G., OT EIZA
P.I. Flavan-3-ols and procyanidins protectliposomes against lipid
oxidation and disruption of thebilayer structure. Free Radic. Biol. Med.
34, 84, 2003.
[1] Schreder, P., Fischer, C., Debus, R. & Wenzel, A. (2003). Reaction of
detoxification mechanism in suspension cultured spruce cells (picea
abies L. KARST.) to heavy metals in pure mixture and in soil elutes.
Environmental Science and Pollution Researc (ESPR), 10(4), 225-234.
[2] Llamas, A., Cornelia, I. U. & Sanz, A. (2000). Cadmium effects on
transmembrane electrical potential
[3] Difference, respiration and membrane permeability of rice (Oryza
sativa) roots. Plant and Soil, 219, 21-28.
[4] Marrs, K. A. & Walbot, V. (1997). Expression and RNA splicing of the
maiz glutathione S -transferase Bronze2 gene is regulated by cadmium
and other stresses. Plant Physiology, 113(1), 93-102.
[5] Hegedüs, A., Erdei, S. & Horváth, G. (2001). Comparative studies of
H2O2 detoxifying enzymes in green and greening barley seedlings under
cadmium stress. Plant Science, 160(6), 1085-1093.
[6] Yin-Ming, Li, Chaney, R. L. & Schyciter, A. A. (1994). Effect of soil
chloride on cadmium concentration in sunflower kernels. Plant and Soil,
167, 275-280.
[7] Prasad, M. N. V. (1997). Plant Ecophysiology. John Wiley & Sons, INC.
[8] Fediuk, E. & Erdei, L. (2002). Physiological and biochemical aspects of
cadmium toxicity and protective
[9] Mechanisms induced in Phragmites australia and Typha latifolia. J. Plant
Physiol., 159, 265-271.
[10] Haag-Kerwer, A., Schäfer, H. J., Heiss, S., Walter, C. & Rausch, T.
(1999). Cadmium exposure in Brassica juncea causes a decline in:
transpiration rate and leaf expansion without effect o n photosynthesis.
Journal of Experimental Botany, 341(50), 1827-1835.
[11] Schickler, H. & Caspi, H. (1999). Response of antioxidative enzymes to
nickel and cadmium stress in hyperaccumulator plants of the genus
Alyssum. Physiologia plantarum, 105, 39-44.
[12] Balestrasse, K. B., Garbey, L., Gallego, S. M. & Tomaro, M. L. (2001).
Response of antioxidant defense system in soybean nodules and root
subjected to cadmium stress. Australian Journal of Plant Physiol ., 28, 49
[13] Lagriffoul, A., Mocquot, B., Mench, M. & Vangronsveld, J. (1998).
Cadmium toxicity effects on growth, mineral contents, and activities of
stress related enzymes in young maize plants (Zea mays) . Plant and
Soil, 200, 241-250.
[14] Larsson, E. H., Bornman, J. F. & Asp, H. (1998). Influence of UV -B
radiation and Cd2+ on chlorophyll fluorescence, growth and nutrient
content in Brassica napus. Journal of Experimental Botany, 323(49),
1031-1039.
[15] Hale, K. L., Tufan, H. A., Pickering, I. J., George, G. N. Terry, N.,
Pilon, M. & Pilon-Smits, E. A. H. (2002). Anthocyanins facilitate
tungsten accumulation in Brassica. Physiologia plantarum, 116, 1-9.
[16] Kutchan, T. M. (1995). Anthocyanin Biosynthesis (maize and
Arabidopsis genes) Secondary metabolite derivatives. Plant cell, 7,
1059-1070.7-504.
[17] Epstein, E., 1999. Silicon. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol.
50, 641-644. Ghnaya, T., Nouairi, I., Slama, I., Messedi, D., Grignon,
C., Abdelly, C., Ghorbel,M.H., 2005. Cadmium effects on growth and
mineral nutrition of two halophytes:Sesuvium portulacastrum and
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. J. Plant Physiol.162, 1133-1140.
[18] Liang, Y., Si, J., Ro¨mheld, V., 2005. Silicon uptake and transport in an
active process in Cucumis sativus. New Phytol. 167, 797-804.Liang, Y.,
Wong, J.W.C., Wei, L., 2005. Silicon-mediated enhancement of
cadmium tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) grown in cadmium
contaminated soil. Chemosphere 58, 475-483.
[19] Neumann, D., zur Nieden, U., 2001. Silicon and heavy metal tolerance
of higher plants. Phytochemistry 56, 685-692.
[20] Che' rif, M., Benhamou, N., Menzies, J.G., Be' langer, R.R., 1992.
Silicon induced resistance in cucumber plants against Pythium ultimum.
Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 41, 411-425.
[21] Heath, R. L. & Packer, L. (1968). Photoperoxidation in isolated
chloroplast. I. Kinetics and stochiometery of fatty acid peroxidation.
Archive of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 125, 189-190
[22] Chen, Y. X., He, Y. F., Luo, Y. M., Yu, Y. L., Lin, Q. & Wongs, M. H.
(2003). Physiological mechanism of plant root exposed to cadmium.
Chemosphere, 50(6), 789-793.
[23] G├│mez-Arroyo, S., Cortés-Eslava, J., Bedolla-Cansino, R. M.,
Villalobos-Piertini, R., Caldró-Segura, M. E. & Ramírez-Delgado, Y.
(2001). Sister chromatid exchanges induced by heavy metals in Vicia
faba.Biologia Palntarum, 44(4), 591- 594.
[24] Dixit, V., Pandey, V. & Shyam, R. (2001). Differential antioxidative
responses to cadmium in roots and leaves of pea (Pissum sativum L. cv.
Azad). Journal of Experimental Botany, 52(358), 1101-1109.
[25] Sanita di Toppi, L., Gabrielli, R. (1999). Review, Response to cadmium
in higher plants. EnvironmentalAnd Experimental Botany ,41,105-130
[26] Liang YC (1998). Effects of silicon on leaf ultrastructure, chlorophyll
content and photosynthetic activity in barley under salt stress.
Pedosphere. 8: 289-296.
[27] Agarie S, Hanaoka N, Ueno O, Miyazaki A, Kubota F, Agata
W,Kaufman PB (1998). Effects of silicon on tolerance to water deficit
and heat stress in rice plants (Oryza sativa L.), monitored by electrolyte
leakage. Plant Prod. Sci. 1: 96-103.
[28] Popova, L., Pancheva, T. and Uzunova, A., 1997. Salicylic acid:
Properties, Biosynthesis and Physiological role. Plant Physiol. 23: 85-
93.1. Schreder, P., Fischer, C., Debus, R. & Wenzel, A. (2003). Reaction
of detoxification mechanism insuspension cultured spruce cells (picea
abies L. KARST.) to heavy metals in pure mixture and in soilelutes.
Environmental Science and Pollution Researc (ESPR), 10(4), 225-234
[29] Verstra eten S.V., keen C.L., schmitz H.H., FRA -GA C.G., OT EIZA
P.I. Flavan-3-ols and procyanidins protectliposomes against lipid
oxidation and disruption of thebilayer structure. Free Radic. Biol. Med.
34, 84, 2003.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:52968", author = "Janet Amiri and Shekoofeh Entesari and Kourosh Delavar and Mahshid Saadatmand and Nasrin Aghamohammad Rafie", title = "The Effect of Silicon on Cadmium Stress in Echium amoenum", abstract = "The beneficial effects of Si are mainly associated with
its high deposition in plant tissue and enhancing their strength and
rigidity. We investigated the role of Si against cadmium stress in
(Echium C) in house green condition. When the seventh leaves was
be appeared, plants were pretreated with five levels of Si: 0, 0.2, 0.5,
0.7and 1.5 mM Si (as sodium trisilicate, Na2(SiO2)3) and after that
plants were treated with two levels of Cd (30 and 90 mM). The
effects of Silicon and Cd were investigated on some physiological
and biochemical parameters such as: lipid peroxidation
(malondialdehyde (MDA) and other aldehydes, antocyanin and
flavonoid content. Our results showed that Cd significantly increased
MDA, other aldehydes, antocyanin and flavonoids content in
Echium and silicon offset the negative effect and increased tolerance
of Echium against Cd stress. From this results we concluded that Si
increase membrane integrity and antioxidative ability in this plant
against cd stress.", keywords = "Silicon, Cadmium, Echium, MDA, antocyanin,
flavonoid", volume = "6", number = "2", pages = "51-4", }
