Survey of Epidemiology and Mechanisms of Badminton Injury Using Medical Check-Up and Questionnaire of School Age Badminton Players
Badminton is one type of racket sports that requires repetitive overhead motion, with the shoulder in abduction/external rotation and requires players to perform jumps, lunges, and quick directional changes. These characteristics could be stressful for body regions that may cause badminton injuries. Regarding racket players including badminton players, there have not been any studies that have utilized medical check-up to evaluate epidemiology and mechanism of injuries. In addition, epidemiology of badminton injury in school age badminton players is unknown. The first purpose of this study was to investigate the badminton injuries, physical fitness parameters, and intensity of shoulder pain using medical check-up so that the mechanisms of shoulder injuries might be revealed. The second purpose of this study was to survey the distribution of badminton injuries in elementary school age players so that injury prevention can be implemented as early as possible. The results of this study revealed that shoulder pain occurred in all players, and present shoulder pain players had smaller weight, greater shoulder external rotation (ER) gain, significantly thinner circumference of upper limbs and greater trunk extension. Identifying players with specific of these factors may enhance the prevention of badminton injury. This study also shows that there are high incidences of knee, ankle, plantar, and shoulder injury or pain in elementary school age badminton players. Injury prevention program might be implemented for elementary school age players.
[1] Fahlström M, Yeap J S, Alfredson H, et al. Shoulder pain–a common problem in world‐class badminton players. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 16: 168-173, 2006.
[2] Shariff AH, George J, Ramlan AA. Musculoskeletal injuries among Malaysian badminton players. Singapore medical journal, 50: 1095-1097, 2009.
[3] Phomsoupha M, Laffaye G. The science of badminton: game characteristics, anthropometry, physiology, visual fitness and biomechanics. Sports Med, 45: 473-495, 2015.
[4] Ming CL, Keong CC, Ghosh AK. Time motion and notational analysis of 21 point and 15 point badminton match play. S-SCI, 2: 216-222, 2008.
[5] Jørgensen U, Winge S. Epidemiology of badminton injuries. International journal of sports medicine, 8:379-382,1987.
[6] Fahlström M, Söderman K. Decreased shoulder function and pain common in recreational badminton players. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 17: 246-251, 2007.
[7] McMaster WC, Roberts A, Stoddard T. A correlation between shoulder laxity and interfering pain in competitive swimmers. The American journal of sports medicine, 26: 83-86,1998
[8] Magee DJ. Orthopedic physical assessment. 4th ed., pp. 1-66, 607-660, vol 11. W.B. Saunders Company: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, 2002
[9] Imai K. Medical check-up. Oriental medicine in sport, pp. 40-42, Ido no Nihonsha: Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan, 2018. (Japanese)
[10] Keller RA, De Giacomo AF, Neumann JA, et al. Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit and risk of upper extremity injury in overhead athletes: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Sports health, 10: 125-132, 2018.
[11] Fleisig GS, Andrews JR, Dillman CJ, Escamilla RF. Kinetics of baseball pitching with implications about injury mechanisms. Am J Sports Med, 23:233-239, 1995.
[12] Couppe C, Thorborg K, Hansen M, et al. Shoulder rotational profiles in young healthy elite female and male badminton players. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 24: 122-128, 2014.
[13] Borsa PA, Laudner KG, Sauers EL. Mobility and stability adaptations in the shoulder of the overhead athlete. Sports medicine, 38: 17-36, 2008.
[14] McMaster WC, Roberts A, Stoddard T. A correlation between shoulder laxity and interfering pain in competitive swimmers. Am J Sports Med, 26: 83-86, 1998.
[15] Nagai T, Abt JP, Sell TC, et al. Effects of deployment on musculoskeletal and physiological characteristics and balance. Military medicine, 181: 1050-1057, 2016.
[16] Miyashita K, Kobayashi H, Koshida S, et al. Glenohumeral, scapular, and thoracic angles at maximum shoulder external rotation in throwing. The American journal of sports medicine, 38: 363-368, 2010.
[17] Anloague PA, Spees V, Smith J, et al. Glenohumeral range of motion and lower extremity flexibility in collegiate-level baseball players. Sports health, 4: 25-30, 2012.
[18] Jansson A, Saartok T, Werner S, et al. Evaluation of general joint laxity, shoulder laxity and mobility in competitive swimmers during growth and in normal controls. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 15: 169-176, 2005.
[19] Zhang Z, Li S, Wan B, et al. The influence of X-factor (trunk rotation) and experience on the quality of the badminton forehand smash. Journal of human kinetics, 53: 9-22, 2016.
[20] Hirashima M, Yamane K, Nakamura Y, et al. Kinetic chain of overarm throwing in terms of joint rotations revealed by induced acceleration analysis. Journal of biomechanics, 41: 2874-2883, 2008.
[21] Cowley JC, Gates DH. Proximal and distal muscle fatigue differentially affect movement coordination. PloS one, 12: e0172835, 2017.
[22] Wagner H, Buchecker M, Von Duvillard SP, et al. Kinematic description of elite vs. low level players in team-handball jump throw. Journal of sports science & medicine, 9: 15, 2010.
[23] Kaalund S, Lass P, Høgsaa B, Nøhr M. Achilles tendon rupture in badminton. Bri J Sports Med, 23: 102-104, 1989.
[24] Hu X, Li JX, Hong Y, Wang L. Characteristics of plantar loads in maximum forward lunge tasks in badminton. PloS one, 10: e0137558, 2015.
[25] Pogetti LS, Nakagawa TH, Conteçote GP, Camargo PR. Core stability, shoulder peak torque and function in throwing athletes with and without shoulder pain. Physical Therapy in Sport, 34: 36-42, 2018.
[26] Kibler WB, Press J, Sciascia A. The role of core stability in athletic function. Sports medicine, 36: 189-198, 2006.
[1] Fahlström M, Yeap J S, Alfredson H, et al. Shoulder pain–a common problem in world‐class badminton players. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 16: 168-173, 2006.
[2] Shariff AH, George J, Ramlan AA. Musculoskeletal injuries among Malaysian badminton players. Singapore medical journal, 50: 1095-1097, 2009.
[3] Phomsoupha M, Laffaye G. The science of badminton: game characteristics, anthropometry, physiology, visual fitness and biomechanics. Sports Med, 45: 473-495, 2015.
[4] Ming CL, Keong CC, Ghosh AK. Time motion and notational analysis of 21 point and 15 point badminton match play. S-SCI, 2: 216-222, 2008.
[5] Jørgensen U, Winge S. Epidemiology of badminton injuries. International journal of sports medicine, 8:379-382,1987.
[6] Fahlström M, Söderman K. Decreased shoulder function and pain common in recreational badminton players. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 17: 246-251, 2007.
[7] McMaster WC, Roberts A, Stoddard T. A correlation between shoulder laxity and interfering pain in competitive swimmers. The American journal of sports medicine, 26: 83-86,1998
[8] Magee DJ. Orthopedic physical assessment. 4th ed., pp. 1-66, 607-660, vol 11. W.B. Saunders Company: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, 2002
[9] Imai K. Medical check-up. Oriental medicine in sport, pp. 40-42, Ido no Nihonsha: Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan, 2018. (Japanese)
[10] Keller RA, De Giacomo AF, Neumann JA, et al. Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit and risk of upper extremity injury in overhead athletes: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Sports health, 10: 125-132, 2018.
[11] Fleisig GS, Andrews JR, Dillman CJ, Escamilla RF. Kinetics of baseball pitching with implications about injury mechanisms. Am J Sports Med, 23:233-239, 1995.
[12] Couppe C, Thorborg K, Hansen M, et al. Shoulder rotational profiles in young healthy elite female and male badminton players. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 24: 122-128, 2014.
[13] Borsa PA, Laudner KG, Sauers EL. Mobility and stability adaptations in the shoulder of the overhead athlete. Sports medicine, 38: 17-36, 2008.
[14] McMaster WC, Roberts A, Stoddard T. A correlation between shoulder laxity and interfering pain in competitive swimmers. Am J Sports Med, 26: 83-86, 1998.
[15] Nagai T, Abt JP, Sell TC, et al. Effects of deployment on musculoskeletal and physiological characteristics and balance. Military medicine, 181: 1050-1057, 2016.
[16] Miyashita K, Kobayashi H, Koshida S, et al. Glenohumeral, scapular, and thoracic angles at maximum shoulder external rotation in throwing. The American journal of sports medicine, 38: 363-368, 2010.
[17] Anloague PA, Spees V, Smith J, et al. Glenohumeral range of motion and lower extremity flexibility in collegiate-level baseball players. Sports health, 4: 25-30, 2012.
[18] Jansson A, Saartok T, Werner S, et al. Evaluation of general joint laxity, shoulder laxity and mobility in competitive swimmers during growth and in normal controls. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 15: 169-176, 2005.
[19] Zhang Z, Li S, Wan B, et al. The influence of X-factor (trunk rotation) and experience on the quality of the badminton forehand smash. Journal of human kinetics, 53: 9-22, 2016.
[20] Hirashima M, Yamane K, Nakamura Y, et al. Kinetic chain of overarm throwing in terms of joint rotations revealed by induced acceleration analysis. Journal of biomechanics, 41: 2874-2883, 2008.
[21] Cowley JC, Gates DH. Proximal and distal muscle fatigue differentially affect movement coordination. PloS one, 12: e0172835, 2017.
[22] Wagner H, Buchecker M, Von Duvillard SP, et al. Kinematic description of elite vs. low level players in team-handball jump throw. Journal of sports science & medicine, 9: 15, 2010.
[23] Kaalund S, Lass P, Høgsaa B, Nøhr M. Achilles tendon rupture in badminton. Bri J Sports Med, 23: 102-104, 1989.
[24] Hu X, Li JX, Hong Y, Wang L. Characteristics of plantar loads in maximum forward lunge tasks in badminton. PloS one, 10: e0137558, 2015.
[25] Pogetti LS, Nakagawa TH, Conteçote GP, Camargo PR. Core stability, shoulder peak torque and function in throwing athletes with and without shoulder pain. Physical Therapy in Sport, 34: 36-42, 2018.
[26] Kibler WB, Press J, Sciascia A. The role of core stability in athletic function. Sports medicine, 36: 189-198, 2006.
@article{"International Journal of Medical, Medicine and Health Sciences:79644", author = "Xiao Zhou and Kazuhiro Imai and Xiaoxuan Liu", title = "Survey of Epidemiology and Mechanisms of Badminton Injury Using Medical Check-Up and Questionnaire of School Age Badminton Players ", abstract = "Badminton is one type of racket sports that requires repetitive overhead motion, with the shoulder in abduction/external rotation and requires players to perform jumps, lunges, and quick directional changes. These characteristics could be stressful for body regions that may cause badminton injuries. Regarding racket players including badminton players, there have not been any studies that have utilized medical check-up to evaluate epidemiology and mechanism of injuries. In addition, epidemiology of badminton injury in school age badminton players is unknown. The first purpose of this study was to investigate the badminton injuries, physical fitness parameters, and intensity of shoulder pain using medical check-up so that the mechanisms of shoulder injuries might be revealed. The second purpose of this study was to survey the distribution of badminton injuries in elementary school age players so that injury prevention can be implemented as early as possible. The results of this study revealed that shoulder pain occurred in all players, and present shoulder pain players had smaller weight, greater shoulder external rotation (ER) gain, significantly thinner circumference of upper limbs and greater trunk extension. Identifying players with specific of these factors may enhance the prevention of badminton injury. This study also shows that there are high incidences of knee, ankle, plantar, and shoulder injury or pain in elementary school age badminton players. Injury prevention program might be implemented for elementary school age players.
", keywords = "Badminton injury, epidemiology, medical check-up, school age players.", volume = "14", number = "6", pages = "158-6", }
