Study on the Characteristics and Utilization of Sewage Sludge at Indah Water Konsortium (IWK) Sungai Udang, Melaka
The volume of biosolids produced in Malaysia
nowadays had increased proportionally to its population size. The end
products from the waste treatments were mounting, thus inevitable
that in the end the environment will be surrounded by the waste. This
study was conducted to investigate the suitability of biosolids to be
reused as fertilizer for non-food crop. By varying the concentration of
biosolids applied onto the soil, growth of five ornamental plant
samples were tested for eight consecutive weeks. The results show
that the pH of the soil after the addition of biosolids ranges from 6.45
to 6.56 which is suitable for the plant growth. The soil samples that
contains biosolid also show higher amount of macronutrients (N, P,
K) and the heavy metals content are significantly increased in the
plant however it does not exceed the guidelines drawn by the
Environmental Protection Agency. It is also proven that there was
only small significant different in the performance of plant growth
between biosolids and commercial fertilizer. It can be seen that
biosolids was able to perform just as well as commercial fertilizer.
<p>[1] Indah Water Konsortium Sdn Bhd. (2010). A potty history of Sewage
Sludge and it Treatment (Pamphlet).
[2] Kadir M. A. and Mohd H. D. (1998). The management of municipal
wastewater sludge in Malaysia. Tropics. 28, 109-120.
[3] Bradley, R. M. and Dhanagunan, G. R. (2004). Sewage Sludge
Management in Malaysia. International Journal of Water.2, 267-283
[4] Chu, L. M. and Wong, M. H. (1987). Heavy metal contents of vegetable
crops treated with refuse compost and sewage sludge. J. Plant and soil.
103: 191-197.
[5] Metcalf & Eddy, (2004). Wastewater Engineering: Treatment, and
Reuse. (4th ed). New York: McGraw-Hill.
[6] Tomati, U., Grappelli, A. and Galli, E., (1983). Sludge effect on soil and
rhizosphere biological activities. In Catroux, G. Hermite, P. L. and
Suess, E. (Ed.) Influence of Sewage Sludge Application on Physical and
Biological Properties of Soils (pg 229-240). London: D. Reidel
Publishing Company.
[7] Dhir, R. K., Limbachiya, M. C. and McCarthy, M. J. (2001). Recycling
and Reuse of Sewage Sludge. London: Thomas Telford Publishing.
[8] Jamali, M. K., Kazi, T. G., Arain, M. B., Afridi, H. I., Jalbani, N.,
Memon, A. R. and Shah, A. Heavy metals from soil and domestic
sewage sludge and their transefer to Sorghum plants. (2007).
Environmental Chemistry Letters. 5, 209-218.
[9] Chow Wei, Z. (2010). Determination of the Efficiency of Treated Sludge
as a Fertilizer, Journal of Chemistry. 28, 131-139.
[10] Mahdavi, M. and Jafari, J. (2010). Environmental risks due to
application of sewage sludge in farmlands. Ozean Journal of Applied
Sciences. 3, 303-313.
[11] Nelson, P. V. (1991). Greenhouse Operation and Management. (4th ed).
Reston, VA: Reston Publishing Company.
[12] Vendrame, A. W., Maguire, I. and Moore, K. K. (2005). Growth of
selected bedding plants as affected by different compost percentages.
Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society. 118, 368-371.
[13] Dowdy, R. H., Larson, J. J. and Laherel, W. E. (1978) Growth and metal
uptake of snap beans grown on sewage sludge amended soils: a four
year study. J. Environ. Qual. 7, 252-257.
[14] Coker, E. G., (1966). The Value of Liquid Digested Sewage Sludge. The
Results of an Experiment on Barley. Journal of Agriculture Science
67,105-7.
[15] King, L. D. and Morris, H. D. (1972). Land Disposal of Liquid Sewage
Sludge: III. The Effect of Soil Nitrate. Journal of Environmental
Quality. 1,442-46.
[16] Stark, S. A. and Clapp, C. E. (1980). Residual Nitrogen Availability
from Soils Treated with Sewage Sludge in a Field Experiment. Journal
of Environmental Quality. 9, 505-512.
[17] Jacobs, L. and McCreary, D. (2001) Utilizing Biosolids on Agricultural
Land. Michigan: Michigan State University, 5, 4-6.
[18] Strojny, Z. and Nowak, J. S. (2004). Effect of different growing media
on the growth of some bedding plants. ActaHorticulturae. 644, 157-162.
[19] Younis, A., Ahmad, M., Riaz, A., and Khan, M. A. (2007). Effect of
different potting media on the growth and flowering of Dahlia
cocciniacv. Mignon. ActaHorticulturae 804, 191-196.
[20] Mackay, A. D. and Barber, S. A. (1985). Effect of soil moisture and
phosphate level on root hair growth of corn roots. Plant and Soil
Journal. 86,321-331.
[21] Rehm, G. and Schmitt, M. (1997) Potassium for Crop Production.
[Online]. [Accessed 14-10-2012]. Available from World Wide Web:
http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/cropsystems/dc6794.html
[22] Lagerwerff, J. V., Biersdorf, G. T., Milberg, R. P. and Brower, D. L.
(1977). Effects of Incubation and Liming on Yield and Heavy Metal
Uptake by Rye from Sewage-Sludged Soil. Journal of Environmental
Quality. 6, 427-431.
[23] Marschner, H. (1995). Mineral nutrition of higher plants. (2nd ed). San
Diego: Academic Press.
[24] Salt, D. E. (1995). Phytoremediation: A novel strategy for the removal
of toxic metals from the environment using plants. BioTechnology. 13,
468 – 474.
[25] Brown, P. H. (2006). "Nickel." In Handbook of Plant Nutrition. Boca
Raton: CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group.
[26] Alloway, B. J. and Jackson, A. P. (1991). The behavior of heavy metal
insewage sludge amended soils. Journal Sci. Total Environment. 100,
151-176.
[27] Craigmill, A. (2010). Home Garden and Lead, What you should know
about Growing plant in Lead-Contaminated Soil. University of
California: Agriculture and Natural Resources. 1, 3-6.</p>
<p>[1] Indah Water Konsortium Sdn Bhd. (2010). A potty history of Sewage
Sludge and it Treatment (Pamphlet).
[2] Kadir M. A. and Mohd H. D. (1998). The management of municipal
wastewater sludge in Malaysia. Tropics. 28, 109-120.
[3] Bradley, R. M. and Dhanagunan, G. R. (2004). Sewage Sludge
Management in Malaysia. International Journal of Water.2, 267-283
[4] Chu, L. M. and Wong, M. H. (1987). Heavy metal contents of vegetable
crops treated with refuse compost and sewage sludge. J. Plant and soil.
103: 191-197.
[5] Metcalf & Eddy, (2004). Wastewater Engineering: Treatment, and
Reuse. (4th ed). New York: McGraw-Hill.
[6] Tomati, U., Grappelli, A. and Galli, E., (1983). Sludge effect on soil and
rhizosphere biological activities. In Catroux, G. Hermite, P. L. and
Suess, E. (Ed.) Influence of Sewage Sludge Application on Physical and
Biological Properties of Soils (pg 229-240). London: D. Reidel
Publishing Company.
[7] Dhir, R. K., Limbachiya, M. C. and McCarthy, M. J. (2001). Recycling
and Reuse of Sewage Sludge. London: Thomas Telford Publishing.
[8] Jamali, M. K., Kazi, T. G., Arain, M. B., Afridi, H. I., Jalbani, N.,
Memon, A. R. and Shah, A. Heavy metals from soil and domestic
sewage sludge and their transefer to Sorghum plants. (2007).
Environmental Chemistry Letters. 5, 209-218.
[9] Chow Wei, Z. (2010). Determination of the Efficiency of Treated Sludge
as a Fertilizer, Journal of Chemistry. 28, 131-139.
[10] Mahdavi, M. and Jafari, J. (2010). Environmental risks due to
application of sewage sludge in farmlands. Ozean Journal of Applied
Sciences. 3, 303-313.
[11] Nelson, P. V. (1991). Greenhouse Operation and Management. (4th ed).
Reston, VA: Reston Publishing Company.
[12] Vendrame, A. W., Maguire, I. and Moore, K. K. (2005). Growth of
selected bedding plants as affected by different compost percentages.
Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society. 118, 368-371.
[13] Dowdy, R. H., Larson, J. J. and Laherel, W. E. (1978) Growth and metal
uptake of snap beans grown on sewage sludge amended soils: a four
year study. J. Environ. Qual. 7, 252-257.
[14] Coker, E. G., (1966). The Value of Liquid Digested Sewage Sludge. The
Results of an Experiment on Barley. Journal of Agriculture Science
67,105-7.
[15] King, L. D. and Morris, H. D. (1972). Land Disposal of Liquid Sewage
Sludge: III. The Effect of Soil Nitrate. Journal of Environmental
Quality. 1,442-46.
[16] Stark, S. A. and Clapp, C. E. (1980). Residual Nitrogen Availability
from Soils Treated with Sewage Sludge in a Field Experiment. Journal
of Environmental Quality. 9, 505-512.
[17] Jacobs, L. and McCreary, D. (2001) Utilizing Biosolids on Agricultural
Land. Michigan: Michigan State University, 5, 4-6.
[18] Strojny, Z. and Nowak, J. S. (2004). Effect of different growing media
on the growth of some bedding plants. ActaHorticulturae. 644, 157-162.
[19] Younis, A., Ahmad, M., Riaz, A., and Khan, M. A. (2007). Effect of
different potting media on the growth and flowering of Dahlia
cocciniacv. Mignon. ActaHorticulturae 804, 191-196.
[20] Mackay, A. D. and Barber, S. A. (1985). Effect of soil moisture and
phosphate level on root hair growth of corn roots. Plant and Soil
Journal. 86,321-331.
[21] Rehm, G. and Schmitt, M. (1997) Potassium for Crop Production.
[Online]. [Accessed 14-10-2012]. Available from World Wide Web:
http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/cropsystems/dc6794.html
[22] Lagerwerff, J. V., Biersdorf, G. T., Milberg, R. P. and Brower, D. L.
(1977). Effects of Incubation and Liming on Yield and Heavy Metal
Uptake by Rye from Sewage-Sludged Soil. Journal of Environmental
Quality. 6, 427-431.
[23] Marschner, H. (1995). Mineral nutrition of higher plants. (2nd ed). San
Diego: Academic Press.
[24] Salt, D. E. (1995). Phytoremediation: A novel strategy for the removal
of toxic metals from the environment using plants. BioTechnology. 13,
468 – 474.
[25] Brown, P. H. (2006). "Nickel." In Handbook of Plant Nutrition. Boca
Raton: CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group.
[26] Alloway, B. J. and Jackson, A. P. (1991). The behavior of heavy metal
insewage sludge amended soils. Journal Sci. Total Environment. 100,
151-176.
[27] Craigmill, A. (2010). Home Garden and Lead, What you should know
about Growing plant in Lead-Contaminated Soil. University of
California: Agriculture and Natural Resources. 1, 3-6.</p>
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:52007", author = "Siti Noorain Roslan and Siti Salmi Ghazali and Norfadhlina Muhamed Asli", title = "Study on the Characteristics and Utilization of Sewage Sludge at Indah Water Konsortium (IWK) Sungai Udang, Melaka", abstract = "The volume of biosolids produced in Malaysia
nowadays had increased proportionally to its population size. The end
products from the waste treatments were mounting, thus inevitable
that in the end the environment will be surrounded by the waste. This
study was conducted to investigate the suitability of biosolids to be
reused as fertilizer for non-food crop. By varying the concentration of
biosolids applied onto the soil, growth of five ornamental plant
samples were tested for eight consecutive weeks. The results show
that the pH of the soil after the addition of biosolids ranges from 6.45
to 6.56 which is suitable for the plant growth. The soil samples that
contains biosolid also show higher amount of macronutrients (N, P,
K) and the heavy metals content are significantly increased in the
plant however it does not exceed the guidelines drawn by the
Environmental Protection Agency. It is also proven that there was
only small significant different in the performance of plant growth
between biosolids and commercial fertilizer. It can be seen that
biosolids was able to perform just as well as commercial fertilizer.
", keywords = "Biosolids, fertilizer, R. chinensis, waste sludge.", volume = "7", number = "8", pages = "533-5", }
