Static Balance in the Elderly: Comparison between Elderly Performing Physical Activity and Fine Motor Coordination Activity
Senescence changes include postural balance, inferring the risk of falls, and can lead to fractures, bedridden, and the risk of death. Physical activity, e.g., cardiovascular exercises, is notable for improving balance due to brain cell stimulations, but fine coordination exercises also elevate cell brain metabolism. This study aimed to verify whether the elderly person who performs fine motor activity has a balance similar to that of those who practice physical activity. The subjects were divided into three groups according to the activity practice: control group (CG) with seven participants for the sedentary individuals, motor coordination group (MCG) with six participants, and physical activity group (PAG) with eight participants. Data comparisons were from the Berg balance scale, Time up and Go test, and stabilometric analysis. Descriptive statistical and ANOVA analyses were performed for data analysis. The results reveal that including fine motor activities can improve the balance of the elderly and indirectly decrease the risk of falls.
[1] J. Cvecka, V. Tirpakova, M. Sedliak, H. Kern, W. Mayr, D. Hamar, Physical activity in elderly, Eur J Transl Myol - Basic Appl Myol; 25 (4): 249-252; 2015. doi:10.4081/ejtm.2015.5280
[2] S. Zampieri, S. Mosole, S. Löfler, H. Fruhmann, S. Burggraf, J. Cvečka et al. Physical exercise in Senescence: Nine weeks of leg press or electrical stimulation training in 70 years old sedentary elderly people, Eur J Transl Myol - Basic Appl Myol; 25 (4): 237-242; 2015. doi:10.4081/ejtm.2015.5374
[3] S. Chiviacowsky, G. Wulf, R. Wally, An external focus of attention enhances balance learning in older adults, Gait & Posture; 572–575; 2010. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.08.004
[4] E. Thomas, G. Battaglia, A. Patti, J. Brusa, V. Leonardi, A. Palma et al. Physical activity programs for balance and fall prevention in elderly, Medicine; 98:27; 2019. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000016218
[5] F. B. Horak, Postural orientation and equilibrium: what do we need to know about neurol control of balance to prevent falls, Age and Ageing; 35-s2. ii7-ii11; 2006. doi:10.1093/ageing/afl077
[6] S. Ghail, I. Ghail, A. O. Effenberg, Effects of dual tasks and dual taks traning on postural stability: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Clinical Interventions in Senescence; 12: 557-577; 2017. doi:10.2147/CIA.S125201
[7] M. Duarte and S. M. S. F. Freitas, Revision of posturography based on force plate for balance evaluation, Rev Bras Fisioter. São Carlos; 14(3): 183-92; 2010. doi:10.1590/S1413-35552010000300003
[8] D. Rugelj, A. Hrastnik, F. Sevsek, R. Vauhnik, Reability of modified sensory interaction test as mensured with force plataforma, Med Biol Eng Comput.; 54:525-534; 2015. doi: 10.1007/s11517-015-1259-x
[9] Flatters, F. Mushtaq, B. Hill, R. Holt, R. Wilkie, M.Williams, The relationship between a child’s postural stability and manual dexterity, Exp Brain Res; 232: 2907–2917; 2014. doi: 10.1007/s00221-014-3947-4
[10] L. Maronesi, M. Figueiredo, E.Santos, S. Mazer-Gonçalvese, S. Campos, Analysis of an intervention directed to the development of balance and gross and fine motor coordination, Brazilian Journal of Occupational Therapy; 23(2): 273-284; 2015. doi: 10.4322/0104-4931.ctoAO0537
[11] L. Robert, G. Joseph, B. Itamar, R. Barbara, Essentials of Clinical Geriatrics. Mc Graw Hill Global Education Holdings; 7: 241-250; 2013. ISBN: 978-007179219-6
[12] Prioli, P. Freitas, J. Barela, Physical Activity and Postural Control in the Elderly: Coupling between Visual Information and Body Sway, Gerontology; 51:145–148; 2005. doi:10.1159/000083984
[13] J. Pope, K. Helwig, S. Morrison et al. Multifactorial exercise and dance-based interventions are effective in reducing falls risk in community-dwelling older adults: A comparison study, Gait & Posture; 370–375; 2019. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.03.030
[14] D. C. Moraes, M. H. Lenardt, M. D. Seima, B. H. Mello, L. S. Setoguchi, M. S. Setlik, Postural instability and the condition of physical frailty in the elderly, Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem; 27:31-46; 2019. doi:10.1590/1518-8345.2655-3146
[15] D. R. Toledo, J. A. Barela, Sensory and motor differences between young and older adults: somatosensory contribution to postural control, Rev Bras Fisioter.;14(3): 267-74; 2010. doi:10.1590/S1413-35552010000300004
[16] C. Niemann, BenGodde, C. Voelcker-Rehage, Not only cardiovascular, but also coordinative exercise increases hippocampal volume in older adults, Frontiers in Senescence Neuroscience; 6: 170; 2014. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00170
[17] S. T. Miyamoto, I. Lombardi Junior, K. O. Berg, L. R. Ramos, J Natour, Brazilian version of the Berg balance scale, Braz J Med Biol Res; 37(9); 2004. doi: 10.1590/S0100-879X2004000900017
[18] Shumway-Cook, S. Brauer, M. Woollacott, Predicting the Probability for Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Using the Timed Up & Go Test, Physical Therapy; 80(9); 2000. doi: 10.1002/pri.288
[19] R. Bohannon, Reference Values for the Timed Up and Go Test: A Descriptive Meta-Analysis, Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy; 29(2); 2006. doi:10.1519/00139143-200608000-00004
[20] S. Whitney, D. Wrisley, J. Furman, Concurrent validity of the Berg Balance Scale and the Dynamic Gait Index in people with vestibular dysfunction, Physiotherapy Research International; 8(4): 178–186; 2003. doi: 10.1002/pri.288
[21] B. Müjdeci, S. Aksoy, A. Atas, Evaluation of balance in fallers and non-fallers elderly, Braz J Otorhinolaryngo; 78(5): 104-9; 2012. doi: 10.5935/1808-8694.20120016.
[22] R. W. Baloh, T. D. Fife, L. Zwerling, T. Socotch, K. Jacobson, T. Bell, Comparison of static and dynamic posturography in young and older normal people, J Am Geriatr Soc.; 42(4): 405-12; 1994. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1994.tb07489.x
[23] S. M. Aloraini, C. M. Glazebrook, K. M. Sibleyd, J. Singer, S. Passmore, Anticipatory postural adjustments during a Fitts’ task: Comparing young versus older adults and the effects of different foci of attention, Human Movement Science; 366–377; 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2019.02.019
[1] J. Cvecka, V. Tirpakova, M. Sedliak, H. Kern, W. Mayr, D. Hamar, Physical activity in elderly, Eur J Transl Myol - Basic Appl Myol; 25 (4): 249-252; 2015. doi:10.4081/ejtm.2015.5280
[2] S. Zampieri, S. Mosole, S. Löfler, H. Fruhmann, S. Burggraf, J. Cvečka et al. Physical exercise in Senescence: Nine weeks of leg press or electrical stimulation training in 70 years old sedentary elderly people, Eur J Transl Myol - Basic Appl Myol; 25 (4): 237-242; 2015. doi:10.4081/ejtm.2015.5374
[3] S. Chiviacowsky, G. Wulf, R. Wally, An external focus of attention enhances balance learning in older adults, Gait & Posture; 572–575; 2010. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.08.004
[4] E. Thomas, G. Battaglia, A. Patti, J. Brusa, V. Leonardi, A. Palma et al. Physical activity programs for balance and fall prevention in elderly, Medicine; 98:27; 2019. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000016218
[5] F. B. Horak, Postural orientation and equilibrium: what do we need to know about neurol control of balance to prevent falls, Age and Ageing; 35-s2. ii7-ii11; 2006. doi:10.1093/ageing/afl077
[6] S. Ghail, I. Ghail, A. O. Effenberg, Effects of dual tasks and dual taks traning on postural stability: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Clinical Interventions in Senescence; 12: 557-577; 2017. doi:10.2147/CIA.S125201
[7] M. Duarte and S. M. S. F. Freitas, Revision of posturography based on force plate for balance evaluation, Rev Bras Fisioter. São Carlos; 14(3): 183-92; 2010. doi:10.1590/S1413-35552010000300003
[8] D. Rugelj, A. Hrastnik, F. Sevsek, R. Vauhnik, Reability of modified sensory interaction test as mensured with force plataforma, Med Biol Eng Comput.; 54:525-534; 2015. doi: 10.1007/s11517-015-1259-x
[9] Flatters, F. Mushtaq, B. Hill, R. Holt, R. Wilkie, M.Williams, The relationship between a child’s postural stability and manual dexterity, Exp Brain Res; 232: 2907–2917; 2014. doi: 10.1007/s00221-014-3947-4
[10] L. Maronesi, M. Figueiredo, E.Santos, S. Mazer-Gonçalvese, S. Campos, Analysis of an intervention directed to the development of balance and gross and fine motor coordination, Brazilian Journal of Occupational Therapy; 23(2): 273-284; 2015. doi: 10.4322/0104-4931.ctoAO0537
[11] L. Robert, G. Joseph, B. Itamar, R. Barbara, Essentials of Clinical Geriatrics. Mc Graw Hill Global Education Holdings; 7: 241-250; 2013. ISBN: 978-007179219-6
[12] Prioli, P. Freitas, J. Barela, Physical Activity and Postural Control in the Elderly: Coupling between Visual Information and Body Sway, Gerontology; 51:145–148; 2005. doi:10.1159/000083984
[13] J. Pope, K. Helwig, S. Morrison et al. Multifactorial exercise and dance-based interventions are effective in reducing falls risk in community-dwelling older adults: A comparison study, Gait & Posture; 370–375; 2019. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.03.030
[14] D. C. Moraes, M. H. Lenardt, M. D. Seima, B. H. Mello, L. S. Setoguchi, M. S. Setlik, Postural instability and the condition of physical frailty in the elderly, Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem; 27:31-46; 2019. doi:10.1590/1518-8345.2655-3146
[15] D. R. Toledo, J. A. Barela, Sensory and motor differences between young and older adults: somatosensory contribution to postural control, Rev Bras Fisioter.;14(3): 267-74; 2010. doi:10.1590/S1413-35552010000300004
[16] C. Niemann, BenGodde, C. Voelcker-Rehage, Not only cardiovascular, but also coordinative exercise increases hippocampal volume in older adults, Frontiers in Senescence Neuroscience; 6: 170; 2014. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00170
[17] S. T. Miyamoto, I. Lombardi Junior, K. O. Berg, L. R. Ramos, J Natour, Brazilian version of the Berg balance scale, Braz J Med Biol Res; 37(9); 2004. doi: 10.1590/S0100-879X2004000900017
[18] Shumway-Cook, S. Brauer, M. Woollacott, Predicting the Probability for Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Using the Timed Up & Go Test, Physical Therapy; 80(9); 2000. doi: 10.1002/pri.288
[19] R. Bohannon, Reference Values for the Timed Up and Go Test: A Descriptive Meta-Analysis, Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy; 29(2); 2006. doi:10.1519/00139143-200608000-00004
[20] S. Whitney, D. Wrisley, J. Furman, Concurrent validity of the Berg Balance Scale and the Dynamic Gait Index in people with vestibular dysfunction, Physiotherapy Research International; 8(4): 178–186; 2003. doi: 10.1002/pri.288
[21] B. Müjdeci, S. Aksoy, A. Atas, Evaluation of balance in fallers and non-fallers elderly, Braz J Otorhinolaryngo; 78(5): 104-9; 2012. doi: 10.5935/1808-8694.20120016.
[22] R. W. Baloh, T. D. Fife, L. Zwerling, T. Socotch, K. Jacobson, T. Bell, Comparison of static and dynamic posturography in young and older normal people, J Am Geriatr Soc.; 42(4): 405-12; 1994. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1994.tb07489.x
[23] S. M. Aloraini, C. M. Glazebrook, K. M. Sibleyd, J. Singer, S. Passmore, Anticipatory postural adjustments during a Fitts’ task: Comparing young versus older adults and the effects of different foci of attention, Human Movement Science; 366–377; 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2019.02.019
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:80737", author = "Andreia Guimarães Farnese and Mateus Fernandes Réu Urban and Leandro Procópio and Renato Zângaro and Regiane Albertini", title = "Static Balance in the Elderly: Comparison between Elderly Performing Physical Activity and Fine Motor Coordination Activity", abstract = "Senescence changes include postural balance, inferring the risk of falls, and can lead to fractures, bedridden, and the risk of death. Physical activity, e.g., cardiovascular exercises, is notable for improving balance due to brain cell stimulations, but fine coordination exercises also elevate cell brain metabolism. This study aimed to verify whether the elderly person who performs fine motor activity has a balance similar to that of those who practice physical activity. The subjects were divided into three groups according to the activity practice: control group (CG) with seven participants for the sedentary individuals, motor coordination group (MCG) with six participants, and physical activity group (PAG) with eight participants. Data comparisons were from the Berg balance scale, Time up and Go test, and stabilometric analysis. Descriptive statistical and ANOVA analyses were performed for data analysis. The results reveal that including fine motor activities can improve the balance of the elderly and indirectly decrease the risk of falls.", keywords = "Balance, barapodometer, coordination, elderly.", volume = "16", number = "3", pages = "31-4", }
