Simulation Studies of Solid-Particle and Liquid-Drop Erosion of NiAl Alloy
This article presents modeling studies of NiAl alloy
under solid-particle erosion and liquid-drop erosion. In the
solid-particle erosion simulation, attention is paid to the oxide scale
thickness variation on the alloy in high-temperature erosion
environments. The erosion damage is assumed to be deformation wear
and cutting wear mechanisms, incorporating the influence of the oxide
scale on the eroded surface; thus the instantaneous oxide thickness is
the result of synergetic effect of erosion and oxidation. For liquid-drop
erosion, special interest is in investigating the effects of drop velocity
and drop size on the damage of the target surface. The models of
impact stress wave, mean depth of penetration, and maximum depth of
erosion rate (Max DER) are employed to develop various maps for
NiAl alloy, including target thickness vs. drop size (diameter), rate of
mean depth of penetration (MDRP) vs. drop impact velocity, and
damage threshold velocity (DTV) vs. drop size.
[1] P. J. Blau, Friction and Wear Transitions of Materials. Noyes
Publications: Park Ridge, 1989.
[2] G. S. Springer, Erosion by Liquid Impact. John Wiley & Sons Inc.:
Washington D.C., 1976.
[3] I. Finnie, “Erosion of surfaces by solid particles,” Wear, vol. 3, pp. 87-103,
1960.
[4] J. G. A. Bitter, “A study of erosion phenomena, Part I,” Wear, vol. 6, no.
1, pp. 5-21, 1963.
[5] J. G. A. Bitter, “A study of erosion phenomena, Part II,” Wear, vol. 6, no.
3, pp. 169-190, 1963.
[6] J. H. Neilson and A. Gilchrist, “Erosion by a stream of solid particles,”
Wear, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 111-122, 1968.
[7] G. Sundararajan, “An analysis of the erosion-oxidation interaction
mechanisms,” Wear, vol. 145, no. 2, pp. 251–282, 1991.
[8] S. Hogmark, A. Hammersten, and S. Soderberg, “On the combined
effects of corrosion and erosion,” in Proc. 6th Int. Conf. on Erosion by
Liquid and Solid Impact, Cambridge, 1983, pp. 37.1–37.8.
[9] C. T. Kang, F. S. Pettit, and N. Birks, “Mechanisms in the simultaneous
erosion-oxidation attack of nickel and cobalt at high temperature,” Metall.
Trans. A, vol. 18, no. 10, pp. 1785-1803, 1987.
[10] M. M. Stack and L. Bray, “Interpretation of wastage mechanisms of
materials exposed to elevated temperature erosion-corrosion using
erosion-corrosion maps and computer graphics,” Wear, vol. 186–187, no.
1, pp. 273–283, 1995.
[11] D. M. Rishel, F. S. Pettit, and N. Birks, “Some principal mechanisms in
the simultaneous erosion and corrosion attack of metals at high
temperature,” in Proc. Conf. Corrosion-Erosion-Wear of Materials at
Elevated Temperatures, Houston, 1990, pp. 1-23.
[12] E. Honegger, “Corrosion and erosion of steam turbine blading,” Brown
Boveri Rev., vol. 12, pp. 263-278, 1924.
[13] M. A. Cook, R. T. Keyes, and W. O. Ursenbach, “Measurements of
detonation pressure,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 33, pp. 3413-3411, 1962.
[14] O. G. Engel, “Fragmentation of waterdrops in the zone behind an air
shock,” J. Res. Nat’l Bur. Stand., vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 245-280, 1958.
[15] G. Hoff, G. Langbein, and H. Rieger, “Erosion by Cavitation or
Impingement,” ASTM STP, vol. 408, 1967, pp. 42-69.
[16] D. W. C. Baker, K. H. Jolliffe, and D. Pearson, “The resistance of
materials to impact erosion damage,” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A, vol.
260, pp. 193-203, 1966.
[17] S. Hattori, “Effects of impact velocity and droplet size on liquid
impingement erosion,” in Proc. International Symposium on the Ageing
Management & Maintenance of Nuclear Power Plants, 2010, pp. 58-71.
[18] W. F. Adler and T. W. James, “Analysis of water impacts on zinc sulfide,”
in Fracture Mechanics of Ceramics. Plenum Press: New York, 1983, pp.
27-46.
[19] J. V. Hackworth, “Damage of infrared-transparent materials exposed to
rain environments at high velocities,” in Proc. of SPIE, vol. 362, 1982, pp.
123-136.
[20] R. J. Hand and J. E. Field, “Liquid impact on toughened glasses,” Eng.
Fract. Mech., vol. 37, pp. 293-311, 1990.
[21] A. G. Evans, M. E. Gulden, G. E. Eggum, and M. Rosenblatt, “Impact
damage in brittle materials in the plastic response regime,” Report No.
SC5023, Rockwell International Science Center, 1976.
[22] P. Carter, B. Gleeson, and D. J. Young, “Calculation of precipitate
dissolution zone kinetics in oxidizing binary two phase alloys,” Acta
Materialia, vol. 44, no. 10, pp. 4033–4038, 1996.
[23] F. J. Heymann, “A survey of clues to the relation between erosion rate and
impact parameters,” in Proc. of the 2nd International Conference Rain
Erosion, 1967, pp. 683-760.
[24] L. E. Kinsler, A. R. Frey, A. B. Coppens, and J. V. Sanders, “Transverse
motion: The vibrating string,” in Fundamentals of Acoustics, John Wiley
and Sons Inc.: New York, 2000, pp. 37-51.
[25] P. R. K. Padmini and B. R. Rao, “Molar sound velocity in molten
hydrated salts,” Nature, vol. 191, pp. 694 – 695, 1961.
[26] J. Krautkrämer and H. Krautkrämer, Ultrasonic Testing of Materials.
Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg: New York, 1990, pp. 251-255.
[27] O. Gohardani, “Impact of erosion testing aspects on current and future
flight conditions”, Progress in Aerospace Sciences, vol. 47, pp. 280–303,
2011.
[28] L. Nalin, “Degradation of Environmental Protection Coatings for Gas
Turbine Materials,” Ph.D. Thesis, Cranfield University, UK, 2008.
[29] V. Pankcov, L. Zhao, “Durability Testing of a Thin Film Thermocouple
Sensor Fabricated by Pulsed Laser Deposition,” LTR-SMPL-2012-0081
Report, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, 2012.
[30] S. Nsoesie, R. Liu, K. Y. Chen, and M. X. Yao, “Analytical modeling of
solid-particle erosion of Stellite alloys in combination with experimental
investigation,” Wear, vol. 309, no. 1-2, pp. 226-232, 2014.
[1] P. J. Blau, Friction and Wear Transitions of Materials. Noyes
Publications: Park Ridge, 1989.
[2] G. S. Springer, Erosion by Liquid Impact. John Wiley & Sons Inc.:
Washington D.C., 1976.
[3] I. Finnie, “Erosion of surfaces by solid particles,” Wear, vol. 3, pp. 87-103,
1960.
[4] J. G. A. Bitter, “A study of erosion phenomena, Part I,” Wear, vol. 6, no.
1, pp. 5-21, 1963.
[5] J. G. A. Bitter, “A study of erosion phenomena, Part II,” Wear, vol. 6, no.
3, pp. 169-190, 1963.
[6] J. H. Neilson and A. Gilchrist, “Erosion by a stream of solid particles,”
Wear, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 111-122, 1968.
[7] G. Sundararajan, “An analysis of the erosion-oxidation interaction
mechanisms,” Wear, vol. 145, no. 2, pp. 251–282, 1991.
[8] S. Hogmark, A. Hammersten, and S. Soderberg, “On the combined
effects of corrosion and erosion,” in Proc. 6th Int. Conf. on Erosion by
Liquid and Solid Impact, Cambridge, 1983, pp. 37.1–37.8.
[9] C. T. Kang, F. S. Pettit, and N. Birks, “Mechanisms in the simultaneous
erosion-oxidation attack of nickel and cobalt at high temperature,” Metall.
Trans. A, vol. 18, no. 10, pp. 1785-1803, 1987.
[10] M. M. Stack and L. Bray, “Interpretation of wastage mechanisms of
materials exposed to elevated temperature erosion-corrosion using
erosion-corrosion maps and computer graphics,” Wear, vol. 186–187, no.
1, pp. 273–283, 1995.
[11] D. M. Rishel, F. S. Pettit, and N. Birks, “Some principal mechanisms in
the simultaneous erosion and corrosion attack of metals at high
temperature,” in Proc. Conf. Corrosion-Erosion-Wear of Materials at
Elevated Temperatures, Houston, 1990, pp. 1-23.
[12] E. Honegger, “Corrosion and erosion of steam turbine blading,” Brown
Boveri Rev., vol. 12, pp. 263-278, 1924.
[13] M. A. Cook, R. T. Keyes, and W. O. Ursenbach, “Measurements of
detonation pressure,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 33, pp. 3413-3411, 1962.
[14] O. G. Engel, “Fragmentation of waterdrops in the zone behind an air
shock,” J. Res. Nat’l Bur. Stand., vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 245-280, 1958.
[15] G. Hoff, G. Langbein, and H. Rieger, “Erosion by Cavitation or
Impingement,” ASTM STP, vol. 408, 1967, pp. 42-69.
[16] D. W. C. Baker, K. H. Jolliffe, and D. Pearson, “The resistance of
materials to impact erosion damage,” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A, vol.
260, pp. 193-203, 1966.
[17] S. Hattori, “Effects of impact velocity and droplet size on liquid
impingement erosion,” in Proc. International Symposium on the Ageing
Management & Maintenance of Nuclear Power Plants, 2010, pp. 58-71.
[18] W. F. Adler and T. W. James, “Analysis of water impacts on zinc sulfide,”
in Fracture Mechanics of Ceramics. Plenum Press: New York, 1983, pp.
27-46.
[19] J. V. Hackworth, “Damage of infrared-transparent materials exposed to
rain environments at high velocities,” in Proc. of SPIE, vol. 362, 1982, pp.
123-136.
[20] R. J. Hand and J. E. Field, “Liquid impact on toughened glasses,” Eng.
Fract. Mech., vol. 37, pp. 293-311, 1990.
[21] A. G. Evans, M. E. Gulden, G. E. Eggum, and M. Rosenblatt, “Impact
damage in brittle materials in the plastic response regime,” Report No.
SC5023, Rockwell International Science Center, 1976.
[22] P. Carter, B. Gleeson, and D. J. Young, “Calculation of precipitate
dissolution zone kinetics in oxidizing binary two phase alloys,” Acta
Materialia, vol. 44, no. 10, pp. 4033–4038, 1996.
[23] F. J. Heymann, “A survey of clues to the relation between erosion rate and
impact parameters,” in Proc. of the 2nd International Conference Rain
Erosion, 1967, pp. 683-760.
[24] L. E. Kinsler, A. R. Frey, A. B. Coppens, and J. V. Sanders, “Transverse
motion: The vibrating string,” in Fundamentals of Acoustics, John Wiley
and Sons Inc.: New York, 2000, pp. 37-51.
[25] P. R. K. Padmini and B. R. Rao, “Molar sound velocity in molten
hydrated salts,” Nature, vol. 191, pp. 694 – 695, 1961.
[26] J. Krautkrämer and H. Krautkrämer, Ultrasonic Testing of Materials.
Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg: New York, 1990, pp. 251-255.
[27] O. Gohardani, “Impact of erosion testing aspects on current and future
flight conditions”, Progress in Aerospace Sciences, vol. 47, pp. 280–303,
2011.
[28] L. Nalin, “Degradation of Environmental Protection Coatings for Gas
Turbine Materials,” Ph.D. Thesis, Cranfield University, UK, 2008.
[29] V. Pankcov, L. Zhao, “Durability Testing of a Thin Film Thermocouple
Sensor Fabricated by Pulsed Laser Deposition,” LTR-SMPL-2012-0081
Report, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, 2012.
[30] S. Nsoesie, R. Liu, K. Y. Chen, and M. X. Yao, “Analytical modeling of
solid-particle erosion of Stellite alloys in combination with experimental
investigation,” Wear, vol. 309, no. 1-2, pp. 226-232, 2014.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:69715", author = "Rong Liu and Kuiying Chen and Ju Chen and Jingrong Zhao and Ming Liang", title = "Simulation Studies of Solid-Particle and Liquid-Drop Erosion of NiAl Alloy", abstract = "This article presents modeling studies of NiAl alloy
under solid-particle erosion and liquid-drop erosion. In the
solid-particle erosion simulation, attention is paid to the oxide scale
thickness variation on the alloy in high-temperature erosion
environments. The erosion damage is assumed to be deformation wear
and cutting wear mechanisms, incorporating the influence of the oxide
scale on the eroded surface; thus the instantaneous oxide thickness is
the result of synergetic effect of erosion and oxidation. For liquid-drop
erosion, special interest is in investigating the effects of drop velocity
and drop size on the damage of the target surface. The models of
impact stress wave, mean depth of penetration, and maximum depth of
erosion rate (Max DER) are employed to develop various maps for
NiAl alloy, including target thickness vs. drop size (diameter), rate of
mean depth of penetration (MDRP) vs. drop impact velocity, and
damage threshold velocity (DTV) vs. drop size.
", keywords = "Liquid-drop erosion, NiAl alloy, oxide scale
thickness, solid-particle erosion.", volume = "9", number = "5", pages = "452-8", }
