Separation of Chlorinated Plastics and Immobilization of Heavy Metals in Hazardous Automotive Shredder Residue
In the present study, feasibility of the selective surface
hydrophilization of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) by microwave treatment
was evaluated to facilitate the separation from automotive shredder
residue (ASR), by the froth flotation. The combination of 60 sec
microwave treatment with PAC, a sharp and significant decrease about
16.5° contact angle of PVC was observed in ASR plastic compared
with other plastics. The microwave treatment with the addition of PAC
resulted in a synergetic effect for the froth flotation, which may be a
result of the 90% selective separation of PVC from ASR plastics, with
82% purity. While, simple mixing with a nanometallic Ca/CaO/PO4
dispersion mixture immobilized 95-100% of heavy metals in ASR
soil/residues. The quantity of heavy metals leached from thermal
residues after treatment by nanometallic Ca/CaO/PO4 was lower than
the Korean standard regulatory limit for hazardous waste landfills.
Microwave treatment can be a simple and effective method for PVC
separation from ASR plastics.
[1] Solving the E-Waste Problem (StEP) Initiative, StEP E-waste World
Map. (2014) http://www.step-initiative.org/step-e-waste-worldmap.
html
[2] C. P. Balde, R. Kuehr, K. Blumenthal, S. Fondeur Gill, M. Kern, P.
Micheli, E. Magpantay, J. Huisman (2015), E-waste statistics: Guidelines
on classifications, reporting and indicators. United Nations University,
IAS - SCYCLE, Bonn, Germany. (2015)
[3] Y. C. Jang, Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE)
management in Korea: generation, collection, recycling systems, J.
Mater. Cycles Waste. Manag. 12 (2010) 283–294.
[4] Korea Ministry of Environment (Korea MOE) (2007) The Act on the
Resource Recycling of Waste Electrical Electronic Equipment (WEEE)
and End-of-life Vehicles (ELVs), The Ministry, Gwacheon.
[5] T. Takoungsakdakun, S. Pongstabodee, Separation of mixed
post-consumer PET-POM-PVC plastic waste using selective flotation,
Sep. Purif. Technol. 54 (2007) 248-252.
[6] S. Moriwaki, M. Machida, H. Tatsumoto, Y. Otsubo, M. Aikawa, T.
Ogura. Dehydrochlorination of poly(vinyl chloride) by microwave
irradiation. Applied Thermal Engineering 26 (2006) 745–750.
[7] M. Ito, K. Ushida, N. Nakao, N. Kikuchi, R. Nozaki, K. Asai, M. Washio.
Dechlorination of poly (vinyl chloride) by microwave irradiation I:A
simple examination using a commercial microwave oven. Polymer
Degradation and Stability 91 (2006) 1694e1700.
[8] Bacalogulu R., Fish MH, Kaufhold J., Sander H. J. In: Zweifel H., editor.
Plastics additives handbook. Cincinnati: Hanser Gardner Publications;
2001. p. 427 (chapter 3).
[9] D. A. Jones, T. P. Lelyveld, S. D. Mavrofidis, S. W. Kingman, N. J.
Miles. Microwave heating applications in environmental engineering—a
review. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 34 (2002) 75–90.
[10] J. A. Menéndez, A. Arenillas, B. Fidalgo, Y. Fernández, L. Zubizarreta,
E. G. Calvo, J. M. Bermúdez. Microwave heating processes involving
carbon materials, Fuel Processing Technology 91 (2010) 1–8.
[11] Y. Mitoma, S. R. Mallampati, H. Miyata, M. Kakeda, Decomposition of
Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Soil With a Dispersion Mixture of Metallic
Calcium and Calcium Oxide, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 64 (2013)
180–186.
[12] Mallampati S. R., Mitoma Y., Okuda T., Sakita S., Kakeda M. (2012a)
High immobilization of soil cesium using ball-milling with nano-metallic
Ca/CaO/NaH2PO4: implications for the remediation of radioactive soils.
Environ Chem Lett 10:201–207.
[13] Mallampati, S. R., T. Okuda, Y. Mitoma, S. Sakita, and M. Kakeda.
2012b. Enhanced heavy metal immobilization in soil by grinding with
addition of 595 nanometallic Ca/CaO dispersion mixture. Chemosphere
89:717–723. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.06.030.
[14] M. S. Reddy, T. Okuda, K. Kurose, T. Y. Tsai, S. Nakai, W. Nishijima,
M. Okada, Surface ozonation of polyvinyl chloride for its separation from
waste plastic mixture by froth flotation, J. Mater. Cycles. Waste., 12
(2010) 326-331.
[15] T. Okuda, K. Kurose, W. Nishijima, M. Okada, Separation of polyvinyl
chloride from plastic mixture by froth flotation after surface modification
with ozone, Ozone-Sci. Eng., 29 (2007) 373-377.
[16] Regulatory of waste management (Ministry of Environment Report,
Seoul, Republic of Korea) (2000) 2-5.
[1] Solving the E-Waste Problem (StEP) Initiative, StEP E-waste World
Map. (2014) http://www.step-initiative.org/step-e-waste-worldmap.
html
[2] C. P. Balde, R. Kuehr, K. Blumenthal, S. Fondeur Gill, M. Kern, P.
Micheli, E. Magpantay, J. Huisman (2015), E-waste statistics: Guidelines
on classifications, reporting and indicators. United Nations University,
IAS - SCYCLE, Bonn, Germany. (2015)
[3] Y. C. Jang, Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE)
management in Korea: generation, collection, recycling systems, J.
Mater. Cycles Waste. Manag. 12 (2010) 283–294.
[4] Korea Ministry of Environment (Korea MOE) (2007) The Act on the
Resource Recycling of Waste Electrical Electronic Equipment (WEEE)
and End-of-life Vehicles (ELVs), The Ministry, Gwacheon.
[5] T. Takoungsakdakun, S. Pongstabodee, Separation of mixed
post-consumer PET-POM-PVC plastic waste using selective flotation,
Sep. Purif. Technol. 54 (2007) 248-252.
[6] S. Moriwaki, M. Machida, H. Tatsumoto, Y. Otsubo, M. Aikawa, T.
Ogura. Dehydrochlorination of poly(vinyl chloride) by microwave
irradiation. Applied Thermal Engineering 26 (2006) 745–750.
[7] M. Ito, K. Ushida, N. Nakao, N. Kikuchi, R. Nozaki, K. Asai, M. Washio.
Dechlorination of poly (vinyl chloride) by microwave irradiation I:A
simple examination using a commercial microwave oven. Polymer
Degradation and Stability 91 (2006) 1694e1700.
[8] Bacalogulu R., Fish MH, Kaufhold J., Sander H. J. In: Zweifel H., editor.
Plastics additives handbook. Cincinnati: Hanser Gardner Publications;
2001. p. 427 (chapter 3).
[9] D. A. Jones, T. P. Lelyveld, S. D. Mavrofidis, S. W. Kingman, N. J.
Miles. Microwave heating applications in environmental engineering—a
review. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 34 (2002) 75–90.
[10] J. A. Menéndez, A. Arenillas, B. Fidalgo, Y. Fernández, L. Zubizarreta,
E. G. Calvo, J. M. Bermúdez. Microwave heating processes involving
carbon materials, Fuel Processing Technology 91 (2010) 1–8.
[11] Y. Mitoma, S. R. Mallampati, H. Miyata, M. Kakeda, Decomposition of
Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Soil With a Dispersion Mixture of Metallic
Calcium and Calcium Oxide, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 64 (2013)
180–186.
[12] Mallampati S. R., Mitoma Y., Okuda T., Sakita S., Kakeda M. (2012a)
High immobilization of soil cesium using ball-milling with nano-metallic
Ca/CaO/NaH2PO4: implications for the remediation of radioactive soils.
Environ Chem Lett 10:201–207.
[13] Mallampati, S. R., T. Okuda, Y. Mitoma, S. Sakita, and M. Kakeda.
2012b. Enhanced heavy metal immobilization in soil by grinding with
addition of 595 nanometallic Ca/CaO dispersion mixture. Chemosphere
89:717–723. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.06.030.
[14] M. S. Reddy, T. Okuda, K. Kurose, T. Y. Tsai, S. Nakai, W. Nishijima,
M. Okada, Surface ozonation of polyvinyl chloride for its separation from
waste plastic mixture by froth flotation, J. Mater. Cycles. Waste., 12
(2010) 326-331.
[15] T. Okuda, K. Kurose, W. Nishijima, M. Okada, Separation of polyvinyl
chloride from plastic mixture by froth flotation after surface modification
with ozone, Ozone-Sci. Eng., 29 (2007) 373-377.
[16] Regulatory of waste management (Ministry of Environment Report,
Seoul, Republic of Korea) (2000) 2-5.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:71648", author = "Srinivasa Reddy Mallampati and Chi-Hyeon Lee and Nguyen Thi Thanh Truc and Byeong-Kyu Lee", title = "Separation of Chlorinated Plastics and Immobilization of Heavy Metals in Hazardous Automotive Shredder Residue", abstract = "In the present study, feasibility of the selective surface
hydrophilization of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) by microwave treatment
was evaluated to facilitate the separation from automotive shredder
residue (ASR), by the froth flotation. The combination of 60 sec
microwave treatment with PAC, a sharp and significant decrease about
16.5° contact angle of PVC was observed in ASR plastic compared
with other plastics. The microwave treatment with the addition of PAC
resulted in a synergetic effect for the froth flotation, which may be a
result of the 90% selective separation of PVC from ASR plastics, with
82% purity. While, simple mixing with a nanometallic Ca/CaO/PO4
dispersion mixture immobilized 95-100% of heavy metals in ASR
soil/residues. The quantity of heavy metals leached from thermal
residues after treatment by nanometallic Ca/CaO/PO4 was lower than
the Korean standard regulatory limit for hazardous waste landfills.
Microwave treatment can be a simple and effective method for PVC
separation from ASR plastics.", keywords = "Automotive shredder residue, microwave treatment,
chlorinated plastics, separation, heavy metals, Immobilization,
separation.", volume = "9", number = "12", pages = "1414-4", }
