Quasi Multi-Pulse Back-to-Back Static Synchronous Compensator Employing Line Frequency Switching 2-Level GTO Inverters
Back-to-back static synchronous compensator (BtBSTATCOM) consists of two back-to-back voltage-source converters (VSC) with a common DC link in a substation. This configuration extends the capabilities of conventional STATCOM that bidirectional active power transfer from one bus to another is possible. In this paper, VSCs are designed in quasi multi-pulse form in which GTOs are triggered only once per cycle in PSCAD/EMTDC. The design details of VSCs as well as gate switching circuits and controllers are fully represented. Regulation modes of BtBSTATCOM are verified and tested on a multi-machine power system through different simulation cases. The results presented in the form of typical time responses show that practical PI controllers are almost robust and stable in case of start-up, set-point change, and line faults.
[1] X. Fang, J.H. Chow, "BTB DC link modeling, control, and application
in the segmentation of AC interconnections," IEEE Power & Energy
Society General Meeting, pp.1-7, July 2009.
[2] S. Ruihua, Z. Chao, L. Ruomei, Z. Xiaoxin, "VSCs based HVDC and its
control strategy," IEEE Transmission and Distribution Conference and
Exhibition, pp.1-6, 2005.
[3] M.R. Banaei, N. Taheri, "HVDC based damping controllers for power
system stability," 31st International Telecommunications Energy
Conference, pp.1-6, October 2009.
[4] B. Parkhideh, S. Bhattacharya, "Resilient operation of voltage-sourced
BTB HVDC systems under power system disturbances," IEEE Power &
Energy Society General Meeting, pp.1-7, July 2009.
[5] K.K. Sen, M.L. Sen, Introduction to FACTS Controllers: Theory,
Modeling, and Applications, Wiley Blackwell, 2009.
[6] A. Gelen, T. YALÇINÖZ, "Experimental studies of a scaled-down TSRbased
SVC and TCR-based SVC prototype for voltage regulation and
compensation", Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering & Computer
Sciences, Vol. 18, No.2, pp. 147-158, 2010.
[7] P. R. Sharma, A. Kumar, N. Kumar, "Optimal Location for Shunt
Connected FACTS Devices in a Series Compensated Long Transmission
Line, Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences,
Vol. 15, No.3, pp. 321-328, 2007
[8] N. Flourentzou, V.G. Agelidis, G.D. Demetriades, "VSC-Based HVDC
Power Transmission Systems: An Overview", IEEE Trans. on Power
Electronics, Vol.24, No.3, pp.592-602, 2009.
[9] A. Tyagi, K.R. Padiyar, "Dynamic analysis and simulation of a VSC
based Back-to-Back HVDC link", India International Conference on
Power Electronics, pp.232-238, 2006.
[10] N. Ottosson, L. Kjellin, "Modular back-to-back HVDC, with capacitor
commutated converters (CCC)," Seventh International Conference on
AC-DC Power Transmission, pp. 55-59, November 2001.
[11] G. Reed, R. Pape, M. Takeda, "Advantages of voltage sourced converter
(VSC) based design concepts for FACTS and HVDC-link applications,"
IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp.
1821, July 2003.
[12] D. Kidd, B. Mehraban, B. Ekehov, J. Ulleryd, A. Edris, "Eagle pass back
to back VSC installation and operation," IEEE Power Engineering
Society General Meeting, Vol. 3, pp. 1829-1833, July 2003.
[13] M. Hagiwara, V.P. Phuong. H. Akagi, "Calculation of DC Magnetic
Flux Deviation in the Converter-Transformer of a Self-Commutated
BTB System During Single-Line-to-Ground Faults," IEEE Trans. on
Power Electronics, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp.698-706, March 2008.
[14] "The FACTS on resolving transmission gridlock," IEEE Power and
Energy Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 5, pp. 41-46, 2003.
[15] R. Majumder, M. Dewadasa, A. Ghosh, G. Ledwich, F. Zare, "Control
and protection of a microgrid connected to utility through back-to-back
converters", Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. 81, Issue 7, pp.
1424-1435, July 2011.
[16] A. Chakraborty, "Advancements in power electronics and drives in
interface with growing renewable energy resources", Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 15, Issue 4, pp. 1816-1827, May
2011.
[17] O. Gomis-Bellmunt, A. Junyent-Ferre, A. Sumper, J. Bergas-Jane,
"Control of a Wind Farm Based on Synchronous Generators With a
Central HVDC-VSC Converter", IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol.
26, No. 3, pp.1632-1640, August 2011.
[18] M. Hagiwara, H. Fujita, H. Akagi, "Performance of a self-commutated
BTB HVDC link system under a single-line-to-ground fault condition",
IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 278-285,
January 2003.
[19] D. Soto, T.C. Green, "A comparison of high-power converter topologies
for the implementation of FACTS controllers", IEEE Trans. on
Industrial Electronics, Vol. 49, No. 5, pp. 1072-1080, October 2002.
[20] C.K. Lee, J.S.K. Leung, S.Y.R. Hui, H.S.-H Chung, "Circuit-level
comparison of STATCOM technologies", IEEE Trans. on Power
Electronics , Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 1084- 1092, July 2003.
[21] L. Zhang, H.-P. Nee, "Multivariable feedback design of VSC-HVDC
connected weak AC systems", IEEE PowerTech, pp. 1-8, 2009.
[22] B. Fardanesh, "Optimal utilization, sizing, and steady-state performance
comparison of multiconverter VSC-based FACTS controllers", IEEE
Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 1321-1327, July 2004.
[23] PSCAD/EMTDC: Electromagnetic Transients Program Including DC
Systems Manitoba HVDC Research Centre, 1994.
[24] P. Heine, M. Lehtonen, "Voltage sag distributions caused by power
system faults", IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp.
1367-1373, November 2003.
[25] U.A. Bordalo, A.B. Rodrigues, M.G. Silva, "A new methodology for
probabilistic short-circuit evaluation with applications in power quality
analysis", IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 474- 479,
May 2006
[26] IEEE Standard 519-1992, IEEE Recommended Practices and
Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems, IEEE
Inc., New York, 1992.
[1] X. Fang, J.H. Chow, "BTB DC link modeling, control, and application
in the segmentation of AC interconnections," IEEE Power & Energy
Society General Meeting, pp.1-7, July 2009.
[2] S. Ruihua, Z. Chao, L. Ruomei, Z. Xiaoxin, "VSCs based HVDC and its
control strategy," IEEE Transmission and Distribution Conference and
Exhibition, pp.1-6, 2005.
[3] M.R. Banaei, N. Taheri, "HVDC based damping controllers for power
system stability," 31st International Telecommunications Energy
Conference, pp.1-6, October 2009.
[4] B. Parkhideh, S. Bhattacharya, "Resilient operation of voltage-sourced
BTB HVDC systems under power system disturbances," IEEE Power &
Energy Society General Meeting, pp.1-7, July 2009.
[5] K.K. Sen, M.L. Sen, Introduction to FACTS Controllers: Theory,
Modeling, and Applications, Wiley Blackwell, 2009.
[6] A. Gelen, T. YALÇINÖZ, "Experimental studies of a scaled-down TSRbased
SVC and TCR-based SVC prototype for voltage regulation and
compensation", Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering & Computer
Sciences, Vol. 18, No.2, pp. 147-158, 2010.
[7] P. R. Sharma, A. Kumar, N. Kumar, "Optimal Location for Shunt
Connected FACTS Devices in a Series Compensated Long Transmission
Line, Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences,
Vol. 15, No.3, pp. 321-328, 2007
[8] N. Flourentzou, V.G. Agelidis, G.D. Demetriades, "VSC-Based HVDC
Power Transmission Systems: An Overview", IEEE Trans. on Power
Electronics, Vol.24, No.3, pp.592-602, 2009.
[9] A. Tyagi, K.R. Padiyar, "Dynamic analysis and simulation of a VSC
based Back-to-Back HVDC link", India International Conference on
Power Electronics, pp.232-238, 2006.
[10] N. Ottosson, L. Kjellin, "Modular back-to-back HVDC, with capacitor
commutated converters (CCC)," Seventh International Conference on
AC-DC Power Transmission, pp. 55-59, November 2001.
[11] G. Reed, R. Pape, M. Takeda, "Advantages of voltage sourced converter
(VSC) based design concepts for FACTS and HVDC-link applications,"
IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp.
1821, July 2003.
[12] D. Kidd, B. Mehraban, B. Ekehov, J. Ulleryd, A. Edris, "Eagle pass back
to back VSC installation and operation," IEEE Power Engineering
Society General Meeting, Vol. 3, pp. 1829-1833, July 2003.
[13] M. Hagiwara, V.P. Phuong. H. Akagi, "Calculation of DC Magnetic
Flux Deviation in the Converter-Transformer of a Self-Commutated
BTB System During Single-Line-to-Ground Faults," IEEE Trans. on
Power Electronics, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp.698-706, March 2008.
[14] "The FACTS on resolving transmission gridlock," IEEE Power and
Energy Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 5, pp. 41-46, 2003.
[15] R. Majumder, M. Dewadasa, A. Ghosh, G. Ledwich, F. Zare, "Control
and protection of a microgrid connected to utility through back-to-back
converters", Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. 81, Issue 7, pp.
1424-1435, July 2011.
[16] A. Chakraborty, "Advancements in power electronics and drives in
interface with growing renewable energy resources", Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 15, Issue 4, pp. 1816-1827, May
2011.
[17] O. Gomis-Bellmunt, A. Junyent-Ferre, A. Sumper, J. Bergas-Jane,
"Control of a Wind Farm Based on Synchronous Generators With a
Central HVDC-VSC Converter", IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol.
26, No. 3, pp.1632-1640, August 2011.
[18] M. Hagiwara, H. Fujita, H. Akagi, "Performance of a self-commutated
BTB HVDC link system under a single-line-to-ground fault condition",
IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 278-285,
January 2003.
[19] D. Soto, T.C. Green, "A comparison of high-power converter topologies
for the implementation of FACTS controllers", IEEE Trans. on
Industrial Electronics, Vol. 49, No. 5, pp. 1072-1080, October 2002.
[20] C.K. Lee, J.S.K. Leung, S.Y.R. Hui, H.S.-H Chung, "Circuit-level
comparison of STATCOM technologies", IEEE Trans. on Power
Electronics , Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 1084- 1092, July 2003.
[21] L. Zhang, H.-P. Nee, "Multivariable feedback design of VSC-HVDC
connected weak AC systems", IEEE PowerTech, pp. 1-8, 2009.
[22] B. Fardanesh, "Optimal utilization, sizing, and steady-state performance
comparison of multiconverter VSC-based FACTS controllers", IEEE
Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 1321-1327, July 2004.
[23] PSCAD/EMTDC: Electromagnetic Transients Program Including DC
Systems Manitoba HVDC Research Centre, 1994.
[24] P. Heine, M. Lehtonen, "Voltage sag distributions caused by power
system faults", IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp.
1367-1373, November 2003.
[25] U.A. Bordalo, A.B. Rodrigues, M.G. Silva, "A new methodology for
probabilistic short-circuit evaluation with applications in power quality
analysis", IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 474- 479,
May 2006
[26] IEEE Standard 519-1992, IEEE Recommended Practices and
Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems, IEEE
Inc., New York, 1992.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:63156", author = "A.M. Vural and K.C. Bayindir", title = "Quasi Multi-Pulse Back-to-Back Static Synchronous Compensator Employing Line Frequency Switching 2-Level GTO Inverters", abstract = "Back-to-back static synchronous compensator (BtBSTATCOM) consists of two back-to-back voltage-source converters (VSC) with a common DC link in a substation. This configuration extends the capabilities of conventional STATCOM that bidirectional active power transfer from one bus to another is possible. In this paper, VSCs are designed in quasi multi-pulse form in which GTOs are triggered only once per cycle in PSCAD/EMTDC. The design details of VSCs as well as gate switching circuits and controllers are fully represented. Regulation modes of BtBSTATCOM are verified and tested on a multi-machine power system through different simulation cases. The results presented in the form of typical time responses show that practical PI controllers are almost robust and stable in case of start-up, set-point change, and line faults.
", keywords = "Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS), Backto-Back Static Synchronous Compensator (BtB-STATCOM), quasi multi-pulse voltage source converter, active power transfer; voltage control.", volume = "5", number = "12", pages = "1909-12", }
