Proton-conducting PVA/PMA Hybrid Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications
The hybrid membranes containing inorganic materials in polymer matrix are identified as a remarkable family of proton conducting hybrid electrolytes. In this work, the proton conducting inorganic/organic hybrid membranes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) were prepared using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), tetraethoxyorthosilane (TEOS) and heteropolyacid (HPA). The synthesized hybrid membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). The effects of heteropolyacid incorporation on membrane properties, including morphology and thermal stability were extensively investigated.
[1] Y. Park, and M. Nagai, "Proton exchange nanocomposite membranes
based on 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, silicotungstic acid and
╬▒-zirconium phosphate hydrate," Solid State Ionics, vol. 145, no. 1-4, pp.
149-160, Dec 2001.
[2] H. Steininger, M. Schuster, K. D. Kreuer, A. Kaltbeitzel, B. Bingo, W. H.
Meyer, S. Schauff, G. Brunklaus, J. Maier, and H. W. Spiess,
"Intermediate temperature proton conductors for PEM fuel cells based on
phosphonic acid as protogenic group: A progress report," Physical
Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1764-1773, Feb 2007.
[3] F. Denver, N. D. Cheddie, and H. Munroe, "A two-phase model of an
intermediate temperature PEM fuel cell," Intl. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol.
32, no. 7, pp. 832-841, May 2007.
[4] K. G. Neoh, K. K. Tan, P. L. Goh, S. W. Huang, E. T. Kang, and K. L. Tan,
"Electroactive polymer-SiO2 nanocomposites for metal uptake," Polymer,
vol 40, no. 4, pp. 887-893, Feb 1999.
[5] J. W. Cho, and K. I. Sul, "Characterization and properties of hybrid
composites prepared from poly(vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene)
and SiO2," Polymer, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 727-736, Jan 2001.
[6] C. J. Brinker, and G. Scherrer, "Sol-gel Science-The Physics and
Chemistry of Sol-gel Processing," Academic Press, San Diego (1989).
[7] K. D. Kreuer, "Proton conductivity: Materials and applications," Chem.
Mater. Vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 610-641, Mar 1996.
[8] I. Honma, S. Hirakawa, K. Yamada, and J. M. Bae, "Synthesis of
organic/inorganic nanocomposites protonic conducting membrane
through sol-gel processes," Solid State Ionics, vol. 118, no 1-2. , pp. 29-36,
Mar 1999.
[9] I. Honma, Y. Takeda, and J. M. Bae, "Protonic conducting properties of
sol-gel derived organic/inorganic nanocomposite membranes doped with
acidic functional molecules," Solid State Ionics, vol. 120, no. 1-4 , pp.
255-264, May 1999.
[10] I. Honma, S. Nomura, and H. Nakajima, "Protonic conducting
organic/inorganic nanocomposites for polymer electrolyte membrane," J.
Membr. Sci. vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 83-94, Jan 2001.
[11] B. S. Pivovar, Y. Wang, and E. L. Cussler, "Pervaporation membranes in
direct methanol fuel cells," J. Membr. Sci. vol. 154, no. 2, pp. 155-162,
July 1999.
[12] S. Y. Kim, H. S. Shin, Y. M. Lee, and C. N. Jeong, "Properties of
electroresponsive poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(acrylic acid) IPN hydrogels
under an electric stimulus," J. Appl. Polym. Sci., vol. 73, no. 9, pp.
1675-1683, Aug 1999.
[13] J. W. Rhim, H. B. Park, C. S. Lee, J. H. Jun, D. S. Kim, and Y. M. Lee,
"Crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes containing sulfonic acid
group: proton and methanol transport through membranes," J. Membr. Sci.
vol 238, no. 1-2, pp. 143-151, Sept 2004.
[14] D. S. Kim, H. B. Park, J. W. Rhim, and Y. M. Lee, "Preparation and
characterization of crosslinked PVA/SiO2 hybrid membranes containing
sulfonic acid groups for direct methanol fuel cell applications," J. Membr.
Sci. vol. 240, no. 1-2, pp. 37-48, Sept 2004.
[15] J. Kerres, W. Cui, R. Disson, and W. Neubrand, "Development and
characterization of crosslinked ionomer membranes based upon
sulfinated and sulfonated PSU crosslinked PSU blend membranes by
disproportionation of sulfinic acid groups," J. Membr. Sci., vol. 139, no. 2,
pp. 211-225, Jan 1998.
[16] M. S. Kang, S. H. Cho, S. H. Kim, Y. J. Choi, and S. H. Moon,
"Electrodialytic separation characteristics of large molecular organic acid
in highly water-swollen cation-exchange membranes," J. Membr. Sci., vol.
222, no. 1-2, pp. 149-161, Sept 2003.
[17] M. S. Kang, Y. J. Choi, and S. H. Moon, "Water-swollen cation-exchange
membranes prepared using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/poly(styrene
sulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) (PSSA-MA)," J. Membr. Sci. vol. 207, no. 2,
pp. 157-170, Sept 2002.
[18] Kim, J. H., Min, B. R., Lee, K. B., Won, J. and Kang, Y. S., Coordination
structure of various ligands in crosslinked PVA to silver ions for
facilitated olefin transport, Chem. Comm., 2002, 2732-2733.
[19] Y. Jin, J. C. Diniz da Costa, and G. Q. Lu, "Proton conductive composite
membrane of phosphosilicate and polyvinyl alcohol," Solid State Ionics,
vol. 187, no-1-4, pp. 937-942, May 2007.
[20] S. Panero, P. Fiorenza, M. A. Navarra, J. Romanowska, and B. Scrosati,
"Silica-added, composite poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes for fuel cell
application," J. Electrochem Soc., vol. 152, no. , pp. A2400-A2405, Oct
2005.
[21] V. Metha, and J. S. Cooper, "Review and analysis of PEM fuel cell design
and manufacturing," J. Power Sources, vol. 114, no. 1, pp. 32-53, Feb
2003.
[22] N. W. DeLuca, and Y. A. Elabd, "Nafion®/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Blends:
Effect of Composition and Annealing Temperature on Transport
Properties," J. Membr Sci., vol. 282, no. 1-2, pp. 217-224, Oct 2006.
[23] J. H. Kim, and Y. M. Lee, "Gas permeation properties of
poly(amide-6-b-ethylene oxide)-silica hybrid membranes," J. Membr. Sci.,
vol. 193, no. 2, pp. 209-225, Nov 2001.
[24] C. I. Shao, H. Y. Kim, J. Gong, B. Ding, D. R. Lee, and S. J. Park, "Fiber
mats of PVA/silica composite via electro spinning," Mater. Lett. Vol. 57,
no. 9-10, pp. 1579-1584, Feb 2003.
[25] M. Nogami, R. Nagao, and C. Wong, "proton conduction in porous silica
glasses with high water content," J. Phys. Chem. B., vol. 102, no. 30 , pp.
5772-5775, July 1998.
[26] I. Honma, O. Nishikawa, T. Sugimoto, S. Nomura, and H. Nakajima, "A
sol-gel derived organic/inorganic hybrid membrane for intermediate
temperature PEFC," Fuel Cells, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 52-58, Sep 2002.
[1] Y. Park, and M. Nagai, "Proton exchange nanocomposite membranes
based on 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, silicotungstic acid and
╬▒-zirconium phosphate hydrate," Solid State Ionics, vol. 145, no. 1-4, pp.
149-160, Dec 2001.
[2] H. Steininger, M. Schuster, K. D. Kreuer, A. Kaltbeitzel, B. Bingo, W. H.
Meyer, S. Schauff, G. Brunklaus, J. Maier, and H. W. Spiess,
"Intermediate temperature proton conductors for PEM fuel cells based on
phosphonic acid as protogenic group: A progress report," Physical
Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1764-1773, Feb 2007.
[3] F. Denver, N. D. Cheddie, and H. Munroe, "A two-phase model of an
intermediate temperature PEM fuel cell," Intl. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol.
32, no. 7, pp. 832-841, May 2007.
[4] K. G. Neoh, K. K. Tan, P. L. Goh, S. W. Huang, E. T. Kang, and K. L. Tan,
"Electroactive polymer-SiO2 nanocomposites for metal uptake," Polymer,
vol 40, no. 4, pp. 887-893, Feb 1999.
[5] J. W. Cho, and K. I. Sul, "Characterization and properties of hybrid
composites prepared from poly(vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene)
and SiO2," Polymer, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 727-736, Jan 2001.
[6] C. J. Brinker, and G. Scherrer, "Sol-gel Science-The Physics and
Chemistry of Sol-gel Processing," Academic Press, San Diego (1989).
[7] K. D. Kreuer, "Proton conductivity: Materials and applications," Chem.
Mater. Vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 610-641, Mar 1996.
[8] I. Honma, S. Hirakawa, K. Yamada, and J. M. Bae, "Synthesis of
organic/inorganic nanocomposites protonic conducting membrane
through sol-gel processes," Solid State Ionics, vol. 118, no 1-2. , pp. 29-36,
Mar 1999.
[9] I. Honma, Y. Takeda, and J. M. Bae, "Protonic conducting properties of
sol-gel derived organic/inorganic nanocomposite membranes doped with
acidic functional molecules," Solid State Ionics, vol. 120, no. 1-4 , pp.
255-264, May 1999.
[10] I. Honma, S. Nomura, and H. Nakajima, "Protonic conducting
organic/inorganic nanocomposites for polymer electrolyte membrane," J.
Membr. Sci. vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 83-94, Jan 2001.
[11] B. S. Pivovar, Y. Wang, and E. L. Cussler, "Pervaporation membranes in
direct methanol fuel cells," J. Membr. Sci. vol. 154, no. 2, pp. 155-162,
July 1999.
[12] S. Y. Kim, H. S. Shin, Y. M. Lee, and C. N. Jeong, "Properties of
electroresponsive poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(acrylic acid) IPN hydrogels
under an electric stimulus," J. Appl. Polym. Sci., vol. 73, no. 9, pp.
1675-1683, Aug 1999.
[13] J. W. Rhim, H. B. Park, C. S. Lee, J. H. Jun, D. S. Kim, and Y. M. Lee,
"Crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes containing sulfonic acid
group: proton and methanol transport through membranes," J. Membr. Sci.
vol 238, no. 1-2, pp. 143-151, Sept 2004.
[14] D. S. Kim, H. B. Park, J. W. Rhim, and Y. M. Lee, "Preparation and
characterization of crosslinked PVA/SiO2 hybrid membranes containing
sulfonic acid groups for direct methanol fuel cell applications," J. Membr.
Sci. vol. 240, no. 1-2, pp. 37-48, Sept 2004.
[15] J. Kerres, W. Cui, R. Disson, and W. Neubrand, "Development and
characterization of crosslinked ionomer membranes based upon
sulfinated and sulfonated PSU crosslinked PSU blend membranes by
disproportionation of sulfinic acid groups," J. Membr. Sci., vol. 139, no. 2,
pp. 211-225, Jan 1998.
[16] M. S. Kang, S. H. Cho, S. H. Kim, Y. J. Choi, and S. H. Moon,
"Electrodialytic separation characteristics of large molecular organic acid
in highly water-swollen cation-exchange membranes," J. Membr. Sci., vol.
222, no. 1-2, pp. 149-161, Sept 2003.
[17] M. S. Kang, Y. J. Choi, and S. H. Moon, "Water-swollen cation-exchange
membranes prepared using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/poly(styrene
sulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) (PSSA-MA)," J. Membr. Sci. vol. 207, no. 2,
pp. 157-170, Sept 2002.
[18] Kim, J. H., Min, B. R., Lee, K. B., Won, J. and Kang, Y. S., Coordination
structure of various ligands in crosslinked PVA to silver ions for
facilitated olefin transport, Chem. Comm., 2002, 2732-2733.
[19] Y. Jin, J. C. Diniz da Costa, and G. Q. Lu, "Proton conductive composite
membrane of phosphosilicate and polyvinyl alcohol," Solid State Ionics,
vol. 187, no-1-4, pp. 937-942, May 2007.
[20] S. Panero, P. Fiorenza, M. A. Navarra, J. Romanowska, and B. Scrosati,
"Silica-added, composite poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes for fuel cell
application," J. Electrochem Soc., vol. 152, no. , pp. A2400-A2405, Oct
2005.
[21] V. Metha, and J. S. Cooper, "Review and analysis of PEM fuel cell design
and manufacturing," J. Power Sources, vol. 114, no. 1, pp. 32-53, Feb
2003.
[22] N. W. DeLuca, and Y. A. Elabd, "Nafion®/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Blends:
Effect of Composition and Annealing Temperature on Transport
Properties," J. Membr Sci., vol. 282, no. 1-2, pp. 217-224, Oct 2006.
[23] J. H. Kim, and Y. M. Lee, "Gas permeation properties of
poly(amide-6-b-ethylene oxide)-silica hybrid membranes," J. Membr. Sci.,
vol. 193, no. 2, pp. 209-225, Nov 2001.
[24] C. I. Shao, H. Y. Kim, J. Gong, B. Ding, D. R. Lee, and S. J. Park, "Fiber
mats of PVA/silica composite via electro spinning," Mater. Lett. Vol. 57,
no. 9-10, pp. 1579-1584, Feb 2003.
[25] M. Nogami, R. Nagao, and C. Wong, "proton conduction in porous silica
glasses with high water content," J. Phys. Chem. B., vol. 102, no. 30 , pp.
5772-5775, July 1998.
[26] I. Honma, O. Nishikawa, T. Sugimoto, S. Nomura, and H. Nakajima, "A
sol-gel derived organic/inorganic hybrid membrane for intermediate
temperature PEFC," Fuel Cells, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 52-58, Sep 2002.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:55000", author = "Uma Thanganathan", title = "Proton-conducting PVA/PMA Hybrid Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications", abstract = "The hybrid membranes containing inorganic materials in polymer matrix are identified as a remarkable family of proton conducting hybrid electrolytes. In this work, the proton conducting inorganic/organic hybrid membranes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) were prepared using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), tetraethoxyorthosilane (TEOS) and heteropolyacid (HPA). The synthesized hybrid membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). The effects of heteropolyacid incorporation on membrane properties, including morphology and thermal stability were extensively investigated.
", keywords = "PEMFC, Hybrid membrane, FTIR, TGA,
Phosphomolybdic acid", volume = "4", number = "11", pages = "702-4", }
