Protein Production by Bacillus Subtilis Atcc 21332 in the Presence of Cymbopogon Essential Oils
Proteins levels produced by bacteria may be increased
in stressful surroundings, such as in the presence of antibiotics. It
appears that many antimicrobial agents or antibiotics, when used at
low concentrations, have in common the ability to activate or repress
gene transcription, which is distinct from their inhibitory effect.
There have been comparatively few studies on the potential of
antibiotics or natural compounds in nature as a specific chemical
signal that can trigger a variety of biological functions. Therefore,
this study was focusing on the effect of essential oils from
Cymbopogon flexuosus and C. nardus in regulating proteins
production by Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21332. The Minimum
Inhibition Concentrations (MICs) of both essential oils on B. subtilis
were determined by using microdilution assay, resulting 0.2% and
1.56% for each C. flexuosus and C. nardus subsequently. The
bacteria were further exposed to each essential oils at concentration
of 0.01XMIC for 2 days. The proteins were then isolated and
analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Protein profile showed that a band
with approximate size of 250 kD was appeared for the treated
bacteria with essential oils. Thus, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21332 in
stressful condition with the presence of essential oils at low
concentration could induce the protein production.
[1] G. Yim, G, H.H. Wang, & J. Davies FRS, "Antibiotics as signalling
molecules", Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. Biol. Sci, vol. 362, pp. 1195-1200.
2007
[2] M.M. Al-Ajlani, M.A. Sheikh, Z. Ahmad, & S. Hasnain, "Production of
surfactin from Bacillus subtilis MZ-7 grown on pharmamedia
commercial medium", Microb. Cell. Fact., vol. 6 (17), pp. 1-8, 2007
[3] V. Leclere, M. Bechet, A. Adam, J-S Guez, B. Wathelet, M. Ongena, P.
Thonart, F. Gancel, M. Chollet-Imbert & P. Jacques, "Mycosubtilin
overproduction by Bacillus subtilis BBG100 enhances the organism-s
antagonistic and biocontrol activities", Appl. Environ. Microb., vol.
71(8), pp. 4577-4584, 2005
[4] L.E. Cowen & W.J. Steinbach, "Stress, drug and evolution : the role of
cellular signalling in fungal drug resistance", Eukaryot. Cell. vol. 7(5),
pp. 747-764, 2008
[5] M. Tanaka, T. Hasegawa, A. Okamoto, K. Torii. & M. Ohta, "Effect of
antibiotics on group A Streptococcus exoprotein production analyzed by
two-dimensional gel electrophoresis", Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother.,
vol. 49(1), pp. 88-96, 2005
[6] J. Davies, G.B. Spiegelman & G. Yim, "The world of subinhibitory
antibiotic concentrations", Curr. Opin. Microb. Vol. 9, pp. 445-453,
2006
[7] E-B. Goh, G. Yim, W. Tsui, J. McClure, M.G. Suret & J. Davies,
"Transcriptional modulation of bacterial gene expression by
subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,
vol. 99(26), pp. 17025-17030, 2002
[8] M.I. Mitova, G. Lang, J. Wiese & J.F. Imhoff, "Subinhibitory
concentrations of antibiotics induce phanazine production in a marine
Streptomyces sp." J. Nat. Prod., vol. 71(5), pp. 824-827, 2008
[9] J.N. Eloff, "A sensitive and quick microplate method to determine the
minimal inhibitory concentration of plants extract for bacteria", Planta
Med. Vol. 6, pp. 711-713, 1998
[10] S.A. Burt, R. van deer Zee, A.P. Koets, A.M. de Graaff, F. van Knapen,
W. Gaastra, H.P. Haagsman & J. A. Veldhuizen, "Carvacrol induces
heat shock protein 60 and inhibits synthesis of flagellin in Escherichia
coli 0157:H7", Appl. Environ. Microb., vol. 73(14), pp. 4484-4490,
2007
[11] M.M. Nakano & P. Zuber, "Anaerobic growth of a "strict aerobe"
(Bacillus subtilis)", Annu. Rev. Microb., vol. 52, pp. 165-190, 1998
[12] S.KP. Lau, R.YY. Fan, T.CC. Ho, G.KK. Wong, A.KL. Tsang, J.LL.
Teng, W. Chen, R.M. Watt, S.OT. Curreem, H. Tse, K.Y. Yuen & P.CY.
Woo, "Environmental adaptability and stress tolerance of Laribacter
hongkongensis: a genome-wide analysis", Cell. Biosc., vol. 1, pp. 1-27,
2011
[13] K.J. Boor, M.L. Duncan & C.W. Price, "Genetic and transcriptional
organization of the region encoding the β subunit of Bacillus subtilis
RNA polymerase", J. Biol. Chem. vol. 270(35), pp. 20329-20336, 1995
[14] X. Yang & C.W. Price, "Streptolydigin resistance can be conferred by
alterations to either the β and β- subunits of Bacillus subtilis RNA
polymerase", J. Biol. Chem. vol. 270 (41), pp. 23930-23933, 1995
[1] G. Yim, G, H.H. Wang, & J. Davies FRS, "Antibiotics as signalling
molecules", Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. Biol. Sci, vol. 362, pp. 1195-1200.
2007
[2] M.M. Al-Ajlani, M.A. Sheikh, Z. Ahmad, & S. Hasnain, "Production of
surfactin from Bacillus subtilis MZ-7 grown on pharmamedia
commercial medium", Microb. Cell. Fact., vol. 6 (17), pp. 1-8, 2007
[3] V. Leclere, M. Bechet, A. Adam, J-S Guez, B. Wathelet, M. Ongena, P.
Thonart, F. Gancel, M. Chollet-Imbert & P. Jacques, "Mycosubtilin
overproduction by Bacillus subtilis BBG100 enhances the organism-s
antagonistic and biocontrol activities", Appl. Environ. Microb., vol.
71(8), pp. 4577-4584, 2005
[4] L.E. Cowen & W.J. Steinbach, "Stress, drug and evolution : the role of
cellular signalling in fungal drug resistance", Eukaryot. Cell. vol. 7(5),
pp. 747-764, 2008
[5] M. Tanaka, T. Hasegawa, A. Okamoto, K. Torii. & M. Ohta, "Effect of
antibiotics on group A Streptococcus exoprotein production analyzed by
two-dimensional gel electrophoresis", Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother.,
vol. 49(1), pp. 88-96, 2005
[6] J. Davies, G.B. Spiegelman & G. Yim, "The world of subinhibitory
antibiotic concentrations", Curr. Opin. Microb. Vol. 9, pp. 445-453,
2006
[7] E-B. Goh, G. Yim, W. Tsui, J. McClure, M.G. Suret & J. Davies,
"Transcriptional modulation of bacterial gene expression by
subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,
vol. 99(26), pp. 17025-17030, 2002
[8] M.I. Mitova, G. Lang, J. Wiese & J.F. Imhoff, "Subinhibitory
concentrations of antibiotics induce phanazine production in a marine
Streptomyces sp." J. Nat. Prod., vol. 71(5), pp. 824-827, 2008
[9] J.N. Eloff, "A sensitive and quick microplate method to determine the
minimal inhibitory concentration of plants extract for bacteria", Planta
Med. Vol. 6, pp. 711-713, 1998
[10] S.A. Burt, R. van deer Zee, A.P. Koets, A.M. de Graaff, F. van Knapen,
W. Gaastra, H.P. Haagsman & J. A. Veldhuizen, "Carvacrol induces
heat shock protein 60 and inhibits synthesis of flagellin in Escherichia
coli 0157:H7", Appl. Environ. Microb., vol. 73(14), pp. 4484-4490,
2007
[11] M.M. Nakano & P. Zuber, "Anaerobic growth of a "strict aerobe"
(Bacillus subtilis)", Annu. Rev. Microb., vol. 52, pp. 165-190, 1998
[12] S.KP. Lau, R.YY. Fan, T.CC. Ho, G.KK. Wong, A.KL. Tsang, J.LL.
Teng, W. Chen, R.M. Watt, S.OT. Curreem, H. Tse, K.Y. Yuen & P.CY.
Woo, "Environmental adaptability and stress tolerance of Laribacter
hongkongensis: a genome-wide analysis", Cell. Biosc., vol. 1, pp. 1-27,
2011
[13] K.J. Boor, M.L. Duncan & C.W. Price, "Genetic and transcriptional
organization of the region encoding the β subunit of Bacillus subtilis
RNA polymerase", J. Biol. Chem. vol. 270(35), pp. 20329-20336, 1995
[14] X. Yang & C.W. Price, "Streptolydigin resistance can be conferred by
alterations to either the β and β- subunits of Bacillus subtilis RNA
polymerase", J. Biol. Chem. vol. 270 (41), pp. 23930-23933, 1995
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:53719", author = "Hanina M. N. and Hairul Shahril M. and Mohd Fazrullah Innsan M. F. and Ismatul Nurul Asyikin I. and Abdul Jalil A. K and Salina M. R. and Ahmad I.B.", title = "Protein Production by Bacillus Subtilis Atcc 21332 in the Presence of Cymbopogon Essential Oils", abstract = "Proteins levels produced by bacteria may be increased
in stressful surroundings, such as in the presence of antibiotics. It
appears that many antimicrobial agents or antibiotics, when used at
low concentrations, have in common the ability to activate or repress
gene transcription, which is distinct from their inhibitory effect.
There have been comparatively few studies on the potential of
antibiotics or natural compounds in nature as a specific chemical
signal that can trigger a variety of biological functions. Therefore,
this study was focusing on the effect of essential oils from
Cymbopogon flexuosus and C. nardus in regulating proteins
production by Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21332. The Minimum
Inhibition Concentrations (MICs) of both essential oils on B. subtilis
were determined by using microdilution assay, resulting 0.2% and
1.56% for each C. flexuosus and C. nardus subsequently. The
bacteria were further exposed to each essential oils at concentration
of 0.01XMIC for 2 days. The proteins were then isolated and
analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Protein profile showed that a band
with approximate size of 250 kD was appeared for the treated
bacteria with essential oils. Thus, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21332 in
stressful condition with the presence of essential oils at low
concentration could induce the protein production.", keywords = "Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21332, Cymbopogon essential oils, protein", volume = "5", number = "11", pages = "674-5", }