Production of Biodiesel from Roasted Chicken Fat and Methanol: Free Catalyst
Transesterification reactions free of catalyst between
roasted chicken fat with methanol were carried out in a batch reactor
in order to produce biodiesel to temperatures from 120°C to 140°C.
Parameters related to the transesterification reactions, including
temperature, time and the molar ratio of chicken fat to methanol also
investigated. The maximum yield of the reaction was of 98% under
conditions of 140°C, 4 h of reaction time and a molar ratio of chicken
fat to methanol of 1:31. The biodiesel thus obtained exhibited a
viscosity of 6.3 mm2/s and a density of 895.9 kg/m3. The results
showed this process can be right choice to produce biodiesel since
this process does not use any catalyst. Therefore, the steps of
neutralization and washing are avoided, indispensables in the case of
the alkaline catalysis.
[1] Servicio de Información Agroalimentaria y Pesquera (SIAP). Resumen
Nacional de la Producción Pecuaria; 2012 http://www.siap.gob.mx/
index.php?option =com_wrapper&view=wrapper&Itemid=369 (verified
2014.09.12).
[2] Financiera Rural. Monografía del Pollo; 2012
http://www.financierarural.gob.mx/informacionsectorrural/Documents/
Monografias/Monograf%C3%ADaPollo(feb12).pdf (verified
2014.09.12).
[3] A. E. Atabani, A. S. Silitong, I. A. Braduddin, T. M. I. Mahlia, H. H.
Masjuki, S. MMekhilef, “A comprehensive review on biodiesel as an
alternative energy resource and its characteristics," Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 16, pp. 2070-2093, 2012.
[4] M. Canakci, “The potential of restaurant waste lipids as biodiesel
feedstocks," Bioresource Technology, vol. 98, pp. 183–190, 2007.
[5] Y. Liu, E. Lotero, J. G. Goodwin, X. Mo, “Transesterification of poultry
fat with methanol using Mg–Al hydrotalcite derived catalysts," Applied
Catalysis A: General, vol. 331, pp.138–148, 2007.
[6] U. R. Kreutzer, “Manufacture of fatty alcohols based on natural fats and
oils," Journal of the American Oil Chemist Society, vol.61, pp. 343-348,
1984.
[7] S. Saka, D. Kusdiana, “Biodiesel fuel from rapeseed oil as prepared in
supercritical methanol”, Fuel, vol.80, pp.225-231, 2001.
[8] J. Ramirez-Ortiz, J. Medina-Valtierra, M. Martinez Rosales, “Used
frying oil for biodiesel production over kaolinite as catalyst," World
Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, vol.80, pp.977-980,
2011.
[9] S. Schober I. Seidi, Mittelbach, “Ester content evaluation in biodiesel
from animal fats and lauric oils," European Journal of Lipid Science and
Technology, vol.108, pp. 309–314, 2006.
[10] Y. I. Tur’yan, E. Kardash, I. Garibian, “pH-metric determination of free
fatty acids in oils and fats during frying in the absence of a chemical
laboratory," Journal of the American Oil Chemist Society, vol.85, pp.
91-92, 2008.
[11] AOAC Official Method 920.159 Iodine absorption number of oils and
fats Wijis method. Oils and Fats. 1997, chapter 41, pp7.
[12] AOAC Official Method 920.160 Saponification number of oils and fats.
Oils and Fats. 1997, chapter 41, pp9B.
[13] H. Zhu, Z. Wu, Y. Chen, P. Zhang, S. Duan, X. Liu, Z. Mao,
“Preparation of biodiesel catalyzed by solid super base of calcium oxide
and its refining process," Chinese Journal of Catalysis, vol.27, pp. 391–
396, 2006.
[14] D. Reyman, A. Saiz, I. Ramirez, M. Rodriguez, “A new FTIR method to
monitor transesterification in biodiesel production by ultrasonication,"
Environmental Chemistry Letters, vol.12, pp. 235-240, 2014.
[15] N. N. Ahmad, J. M. Nazrim, D. M. Hashim, “Differentiation of lard,
chicken fat, beef fat and mutton fat by GCMS and EA-IRMS
techniques," Journal of oleo science, vol. 62, pp. 459-464, 2013.
[16] W. Shi, J. Li, B. He, F. Yan, Z. Cui, K. Wua, L. Lin, X. Qian, Y. Cheng,
“Biodiesel production from waste chicken fat with low free fatty acids
by an integrated catalytic process of composite membrane and sodium
methoxide," Bioresource Technology, vol.139, pp.316-322, 2013.
[17] P-L. Boey, G. P. Maniam, S. A. Hamid, A. D. M. Hag, “Crab and cockle
shells as catalysts for the preparation of methyl esters from low free fatty
acid chicken fat," Journal of the American Oil Chemist Society, vol.88,
pp.283–288, 2011.
[18] E. Alptekin, M. Canakci, “Optimization of pretreatment reaction for
methyl ester production from chicken fat," Fuel vol.89, pp.4035–4039,
2010.
[1] Servicio de Información Agroalimentaria y Pesquera (SIAP). Resumen
Nacional de la Producción Pecuaria; 2012 http://www.siap.gob.mx/
index.php?option =com_wrapper&view=wrapper&Itemid=369 (verified
2014.09.12).
[2] Financiera Rural. Monografía del Pollo; 2012
http://www.financierarural.gob.mx/informacionsectorrural/Documents/
Monografias/Monograf%C3%ADaPollo(feb12).pdf (verified
2014.09.12).
[3] A. E. Atabani, A. S. Silitong, I. A. Braduddin, T. M. I. Mahlia, H. H.
Masjuki, S. MMekhilef, “A comprehensive review on biodiesel as an
alternative energy resource and its characteristics," Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 16, pp. 2070-2093, 2012.
[4] M. Canakci, “The potential of restaurant waste lipids as biodiesel
feedstocks," Bioresource Technology, vol. 98, pp. 183–190, 2007.
[5] Y. Liu, E. Lotero, J. G. Goodwin, X. Mo, “Transesterification of poultry
fat with methanol using Mg–Al hydrotalcite derived catalysts," Applied
Catalysis A: General, vol. 331, pp.138–148, 2007.
[6] U. R. Kreutzer, “Manufacture of fatty alcohols based on natural fats and
oils," Journal of the American Oil Chemist Society, vol.61, pp. 343-348,
1984.
[7] S. Saka, D. Kusdiana, “Biodiesel fuel from rapeseed oil as prepared in
supercritical methanol”, Fuel, vol.80, pp.225-231, 2001.
[8] J. Ramirez-Ortiz, J. Medina-Valtierra, M. Martinez Rosales, “Used
frying oil for biodiesel production over kaolinite as catalyst," World
Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, vol.80, pp.977-980,
2011.
[9] S. Schober I. Seidi, Mittelbach, “Ester content evaluation in biodiesel
from animal fats and lauric oils," European Journal of Lipid Science and
Technology, vol.108, pp. 309–314, 2006.
[10] Y. I. Tur’yan, E. Kardash, I. Garibian, “pH-metric determination of free
fatty acids in oils and fats during frying in the absence of a chemical
laboratory," Journal of the American Oil Chemist Society, vol.85, pp.
91-92, 2008.
[11] AOAC Official Method 920.159 Iodine absorption number of oils and
fats Wijis method. Oils and Fats. 1997, chapter 41, pp7.
[12] AOAC Official Method 920.160 Saponification number of oils and fats.
Oils and Fats. 1997, chapter 41, pp9B.
[13] H. Zhu, Z. Wu, Y. Chen, P. Zhang, S. Duan, X. Liu, Z. Mao,
“Preparation of biodiesel catalyzed by solid super base of calcium oxide
and its refining process," Chinese Journal of Catalysis, vol.27, pp. 391–
396, 2006.
[14] D. Reyman, A. Saiz, I. Ramirez, M. Rodriguez, “A new FTIR method to
monitor transesterification in biodiesel production by ultrasonication,"
Environmental Chemistry Letters, vol.12, pp. 235-240, 2014.
[15] N. N. Ahmad, J. M. Nazrim, D. M. Hashim, “Differentiation of lard,
chicken fat, beef fat and mutton fat by GCMS and EA-IRMS
techniques," Journal of oleo science, vol. 62, pp. 459-464, 2013.
[16] W. Shi, J. Li, B. He, F. Yan, Z. Cui, K. Wua, L. Lin, X. Qian, Y. Cheng,
“Biodiesel production from waste chicken fat with low free fatty acids
by an integrated catalytic process of composite membrane and sodium
methoxide," Bioresource Technology, vol.139, pp.316-322, 2013.
[17] P-L. Boey, G. P. Maniam, S. A. Hamid, A. D. M. Hag, “Crab and cockle
shells as catalysts for the preparation of methyl esters from low free fatty
acid chicken fat," Journal of the American Oil Chemist Society, vol.88,
pp.283–288, 2011.
[18] E. Alptekin, M. Canakci, “Optimization of pretreatment reaction for
methyl ester production from chicken fat," Fuel vol.89, pp.4035–4039,
2010.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:65174", author = "Jorge Ramírez-Ortiz and Merced Martínez Rosales and Horacio Flores Zúñiga", title = "Production of Biodiesel from Roasted Chicken Fat and Methanol: Free Catalyst", abstract = "Transesterification reactions free of catalyst between
roasted chicken fat with methanol were carried out in a batch reactor
in order to produce biodiesel to temperatures from 120°C to 140°C.
Parameters related to the transesterification reactions, including
temperature, time and the molar ratio of chicken fat to methanol also
investigated. The maximum yield of the reaction was of 98% under
conditions of 140°C, 4 h of reaction time and a molar ratio of chicken
fat to methanol of 1:31. The biodiesel thus obtained exhibited a
viscosity of 6.3 mm2/s and a density of 895.9 kg/m3. The results
showed this process can be right choice to produce biodiesel since
this process does not use any catalyst. Therefore, the steps of
neutralization and washing are avoided, indispensables in the case of
the alkaline catalysis.
", keywords = "Biodiesel, non-catalyst, roasted chicken fat,
transesterification.", volume = "8", number = "9", pages = "1000-4", }
