Prevalence of Headache among Adult Population in Urban Varanasi, India
Headache is one of the most ubiquitous and frequent
neurological disorders interfering with everyday life in all countries.
India appears to be no exception. Objectives are to assess the
prevalence of headache among adult population in urban area of
Varanasi and to find out factors influencing the occurrence of
headache. A community based cross sectional study was conducted
among adult population in urban area of Varanasi district, Uttar
Pradesh, India. Total 151 eligible respondents were interviewed by
simple random sampling technique. Proportion percentage and Chisquare
test were applied for data analysis. Out of 151 respondents,
majority (58.3%) were females. In this study, 92.8% respondents
belonged to age group 18-60 years while 7.2% was either 60 year of
age or above. The overall prevalence of headache was found to be
51.1%. Highest and lowest prevalence of headache was recorded in
age groups 18-29 year & 40-49 year respectively. Headache was
62.1% in illiterate and was 40.0% among graduate & above.
Unskilled workers had more headache 73.1% than other type of
occupation. Headache was more prevalent among unemployed
(35.9%) than employed (6.4%). Females had higher family history of
headache (48.9%) as compared to males (41.3%). Study subjects
having peaceful relation with family members, relatives and
neighbors had more headache than those having no peaceful relation.
[1] Birthe Krogh Rasmussen, Rigmor Jensen, Marianne Schroll, Jes Olesen,
“Epidemiology of headache in a general population—A prevalence
study”, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, Vol. 44, Issue 11, pp 1147–
1157,1991.
[2] Munsat TL, Mancall EL, Des Lauriers MP (1994) The AAN launches a
new education program: CONTINUUM lifelong learning in neurology.
Neurology 44, pp.771–772, 1994.
[3] BK Rasmussen “Epidemiology of headache”. Cephalalgia vol.15 pp:
45–68, February 1995.
[4] AI Scher, WF Stewart, RB Lipton “Migraine and headache: a
metaanalytic approach.” In: Crombie IK (ed) Epidemiology of pain.
WA, IASP Press, Seattle, pp 159–170, 1999.
[5] H Miranda, G Ortiz, S Figuerosa, D Pena, J Guzman “Prevalence of
headache in Puerto Rico”. Headache: the journal of Head and Face pain
vol. 43 pp: 774–778, July2003.
[6] TJ Steiner, AI Scher, WF Stewart, K Kolondner, J Liberman, RB Lipton
“The prevalence and disability burden of adult migraine in England and
their relationships to age, gender and ethnicity”. Cephalalgia vol. 23 pp:
519–527, September 2003.
[7] Y Celik, G Ekukuklu, B Tokuc, UUtuku “Migraine prevalence and some
related factors in Turkey: Headache”. The Journal of Head and Face
Pain. vol. 45 pp: 32–36, January 2005.
[8] LE Morillo, F Alarcon, N Aranaga, S Aulet, E Chapman, L Conterino
“Prevalence of migraine in Latin America”. Headache: the journal of
head and face pain. vol. 45 pp: 106–117, February 2005.
[9] TJ Steiner “Lifting the burden: the global campaign to reduce the burden
of headache worldwide”. J Headache Pain vol.6, pp373–377, 2005.
[10] LJ Stovner, K Hagen, R Jensen, Z Katarava, R Lipton, A Scher, T
Stenier, JA Zwart “The global burden of headache: a documentation of
headache prevalence and disability worldwide”. Cephalalgia pubMed
vol. 27(3), pp: 193–210, March 2007
[11] World Health Organization (2004) Headache disorders. Fact sheet
N°277. Accessed on 28 June 2010.
[12] Mengistu and Alemayehu: “Prevalence and burden of primary headache
disorders among a local community in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia”, The
Journal of Headache and Pain, vol. 14:30, pp: 1-13 March 2013
[13] Min Kyung Chu, Dong-Wook Kim, Byung-Kun Kim, Jae-Moon Kim,
Tae-Won Jang, JeongWook Park, KwangSoo Lee and Soo-Jin Cho:
“Gender-specific influence of socioeconomic status on the prevalence of
migraine and tension-type headache: the results from the Korean
headache survey”. The Journal of Headache and Pain, vol. 14:82, pp: 1-
7, October 2013.
[14] Arif D Herekar, A A Herekar, A Ahmad, U L Uqaili, B Ahmed, J
Effendi3, S Z Alvi and T J Steiner: “The burden of headache disorders
in Pakistan: methodology of a population-based nationwide study, and
questionnaire validation”; The Journal of Headache and Pain. vol.
14pp:73, August 2013
[15] Byung-Su Kim, Chin-Sang Chung, Min Kyung Chu, Yun Kyung Chung,
Chung-Bin Lee and Jae-Moon Kim: “Gender-specific influence of
socioeconomic status on the prevalence of migraine and tension-type
headache: the results from the Korean headache survey”. The Journal of
Headache and Pain. vol. 16:40, May2015.
[16] GB Kulkarni, GN Rao, G Gururaj, LJ Stovner, and TJ Steiner.
“Headache disorders and public ill-health in India: prevalence estimates
in Karnataka State; The Journal of Headache and Pain”.pp: 16:67,
May2015.
[17] Girish N Rao, B Girish. Kulkarni, GopalkrishnaGururaj, J Lars. Stovner
and TJ Steiner. “The burden attributable to headachedisorders in India:
estimates from acommunity-based study in Karnataka State”The Journal
of Headache and Pain, 16:94, November 2015.
[18] K Manandhar, A Risal, T J Steiner, A Holen1 and M Linde: “The
prevalence of primary headachedisorders in Nepal: a nationwide
population-based study”; The Journal of Headache and Pain vol.16: 95,
pp: 1-10, November 2015.
[19] M Allena, TJ Steiner, G Sances, B Carugno, F Balsamo, G Nappi1, C
Andrée and CTassorelli. “Impact of headache disorders in Italy and the
public-health and policy implications: a population-based study within
the Eurolight Project” The Journal of Headache and Pain pp: 16-100,
December 2015.
[20] A Naglaa. El-Sherbiny, Mohamed Masoud, Nevin M.
Shalaby and Hatem S. Shehata, “Prevalence of primary headache
disorders in Fayoum Governorate, Egypt”,The Journal of Headache and
Pain, vol. 16:85, 2015.
[21] Vos T, Barber RM, Bell B, Bertozzi-Villa A, Biryukov S, Bolliger I, et
al. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived
with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188
countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of
Disease Study 2013. Lancet.2015; 386:743–800. doi: 10.1016/S0140-
6736(15)60692-4. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
[22] Merikangas KR, Lateef T. Epidemiology and quality of life of migraine.
In: Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Chaitow L, Schoenen J, editors.
Multidisciplinary management of migraine: pharmacological, manual
and other therapies. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning; 2011.
[1] Birthe Krogh Rasmussen, Rigmor Jensen, Marianne Schroll, Jes Olesen,
“Epidemiology of headache in a general population—A prevalence
study”, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, Vol. 44, Issue 11, pp 1147–
1157,1991.
[2] Munsat TL, Mancall EL, Des Lauriers MP (1994) The AAN launches a
new education program: CONTINUUM lifelong learning in neurology.
Neurology 44, pp.771–772, 1994.
[3] BK Rasmussen “Epidemiology of headache”. Cephalalgia vol.15 pp:
45–68, February 1995.
[4] AI Scher, WF Stewart, RB Lipton “Migraine and headache: a
metaanalytic approach.” In: Crombie IK (ed) Epidemiology of pain.
WA, IASP Press, Seattle, pp 159–170, 1999.
[5] H Miranda, G Ortiz, S Figuerosa, D Pena, J Guzman “Prevalence of
headache in Puerto Rico”. Headache: the journal of Head and Face pain
vol. 43 pp: 774–778, July2003.
[6] TJ Steiner, AI Scher, WF Stewart, K Kolondner, J Liberman, RB Lipton
“The prevalence and disability burden of adult migraine in England and
their relationships to age, gender and ethnicity”. Cephalalgia vol. 23 pp:
519–527, September 2003.
[7] Y Celik, G Ekukuklu, B Tokuc, UUtuku “Migraine prevalence and some
related factors in Turkey: Headache”. The Journal of Head and Face
Pain. vol. 45 pp: 32–36, January 2005.
[8] LE Morillo, F Alarcon, N Aranaga, S Aulet, E Chapman, L Conterino
“Prevalence of migraine in Latin America”. Headache: the journal of
head and face pain. vol. 45 pp: 106–117, February 2005.
[9] TJ Steiner “Lifting the burden: the global campaign to reduce the burden
of headache worldwide”. J Headache Pain vol.6, pp373–377, 2005.
[10] LJ Stovner, K Hagen, R Jensen, Z Katarava, R Lipton, A Scher, T
Stenier, JA Zwart “The global burden of headache: a documentation of
headache prevalence and disability worldwide”. Cephalalgia pubMed
vol. 27(3), pp: 193–210, March 2007
[11] World Health Organization (2004) Headache disorders. Fact sheet
N°277. Accessed on 28 June 2010.
[12] Mengistu and Alemayehu: “Prevalence and burden of primary headache
disorders among a local community in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia”, The
Journal of Headache and Pain, vol. 14:30, pp: 1-13 March 2013
[13] Min Kyung Chu, Dong-Wook Kim, Byung-Kun Kim, Jae-Moon Kim,
Tae-Won Jang, JeongWook Park, KwangSoo Lee and Soo-Jin Cho:
“Gender-specific influence of socioeconomic status on the prevalence of
migraine and tension-type headache: the results from the Korean
headache survey”. The Journal of Headache and Pain, vol. 14:82, pp: 1-
7, October 2013.
[14] Arif D Herekar, A A Herekar, A Ahmad, U L Uqaili, B Ahmed, J
Effendi3, S Z Alvi and T J Steiner: “The burden of headache disorders
in Pakistan: methodology of a population-based nationwide study, and
questionnaire validation”; The Journal of Headache and Pain. vol.
14pp:73, August 2013
[15] Byung-Su Kim, Chin-Sang Chung, Min Kyung Chu, Yun Kyung Chung,
Chung-Bin Lee and Jae-Moon Kim: “Gender-specific influence of
socioeconomic status on the prevalence of migraine and tension-type
headache: the results from the Korean headache survey”. The Journal of
Headache and Pain. vol. 16:40, May2015.
[16] GB Kulkarni, GN Rao, G Gururaj, LJ Stovner, and TJ Steiner.
“Headache disorders and public ill-health in India: prevalence estimates
in Karnataka State; The Journal of Headache and Pain”.pp: 16:67,
May2015.
[17] Girish N Rao, B Girish. Kulkarni, GopalkrishnaGururaj, J Lars. Stovner
and TJ Steiner. “The burden attributable to headachedisorders in India:
estimates from acommunity-based study in Karnataka State”The Journal
of Headache and Pain, 16:94, November 2015.
[18] K Manandhar, A Risal, T J Steiner, A Holen1 and M Linde: “The
prevalence of primary headachedisorders in Nepal: a nationwide
population-based study”; The Journal of Headache and Pain vol.16: 95,
pp: 1-10, November 2015.
[19] M Allena, TJ Steiner, G Sances, B Carugno, F Balsamo, G Nappi1, C
Andrée and CTassorelli. “Impact of headache disorders in Italy and the
public-health and policy implications: a population-based study within
the Eurolight Project” The Journal of Headache and Pain pp: 16-100,
December 2015.
[20] A Naglaa. El-Sherbiny, Mohamed Masoud, Nevin M.
Shalaby and Hatem S. Shehata, “Prevalence of primary headache
disorders in Fayoum Governorate, Egypt”,The Journal of Headache and
Pain, vol. 16:85, 2015.
[21] Vos T, Barber RM, Bell B, Bertozzi-Villa A, Biryukov S, Bolliger I, et
al. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived
with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188
countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of
Disease Study 2013. Lancet.2015; 386:743–800. doi: 10.1016/S0140-
6736(15)60692-4. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
[22] Merikangas KR, Lateef T. Epidemiology and quality of life of migraine.
In: Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Chaitow L, Schoenen J, editors.
Multidisciplinary management of migraine: pharmacological, manual
and other therapies. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning; 2011.
@article{"International Journal of Medical, Medicine and Health Sciences:73035", author = "Hari Shankar and Kshitij Raj and Priya Keshari and Pragya Singh", title = "Prevalence of Headache among Adult Population in Urban Varanasi, India", abstract = "Headache is one of the most ubiquitous and frequent
neurological disorders interfering with everyday life in all countries.
India appears to be no exception. Objectives are to assess the
prevalence of headache among adult population in urban area of
Varanasi and to find out factors influencing the occurrence of
headache. A community based cross sectional study was conducted
among adult population in urban area of Varanasi district, Uttar
Pradesh, India. Total 151 eligible respondents were interviewed by
simple random sampling technique. Proportion percentage and Chisquare
test were applied for data analysis. Out of 151 respondents,
majority (58.3%) were females. In this study, 92.8% respondents
belonged to age group 18-60 years while 7.2% was either 60 year of
age or above. The overall prevalence of headache was found to be
51.1%. Highest and lowest prevalence of headache was recorded in
age groups 18-29 year & 40-49 year respectively. Headache was
62.1% in illiterate and was 40.0% among graduate & above.
Unskilled workers had more headache 73.1% than other type of
occupation. Headache was more prevalent among unemployed
(35.9%) than employed (6.4%). Females had higher family history of
headache (48.9%) as compared to males (41.3%). Study subjects
having peaceful relation with family members, relatives and
neighbors had more headache than those having no peaceful relation.
", keywords = "Family relationship, headache, neighbors, ration
cards.", volume = "10", number = "5", pages = "281-4", }
