Pollutants Removal from Synthetic Wastewater by the Combined Electrochemical Sequencing Batch Reactor

Synthetic domestic wastewater was treated via combining treatment methods, including electrochemical oxidation, adsorption, and sequencing batch reactor (SBR). In the upper part of the reactor, an anode and a cathode (Ti/RuO₂-IrO₂) were organized in parallel for the electrochemical oxidation procedure. Sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) with a concentration of 2.5 g/L was applied as the electrolyte. The voltage and current were fixed on 7.50 V and 0.40 A, respectively. Then, 15% working value of the reactor was filled by activated sludge, and 85% working value of the reactor was added with synthetic wastewater. Powdered cockleshell, 1.5 g/L, was added in the reactor to do ion-exchange. Response surface methodology was employed for statistical analysis. Reaction time (h) and pH were considered as independent factors. A total of 97.0% biochemical oxygen demand, 99.9% phosphorous and 88.6% cadmium were eliminated at the optimum reaction time (80.0 min) and pH (6.4).

Authors:

• Amin Mojiri
• Akiyoshi Ohashi
• Tomonori Kindaichi

Keywords:

• Adsorption
• electrochemical oxidation
• metals
• sequencing batch reactor.

References:

[1] A. E. Burakov, E. V. Galunin, I. V. Burakova, A. E. Kucherova, S. Agarwal, A. G. Tkachev, and V. K. Gupta, “Adsorption of heavy metals on conventional and nanostructured materials for wastewater treatment purposes: A review,” Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, vol. 148, pp. 702-712, 2018.
[2] A. Latif, S. Noor, Q. M. Sharif, and M. Najeebullah, “Different techniques recently used for the treatment of textile dyeing effluents: A review,” Journal Chemical Society of Pakistan, vol. 32, pp. 115-124, 2010.
[3] S. Q. Aziz, H. A. Aziz, and M. S. Yusoff, “Optimum process parameters for the treatment of landfill leachate using powdered activated carbon augmented sequencing batch reactor (SBR) technology,” Sep. Sci. Technol., vol. 46, pp.1-12, 2011.
[4] A. Mojiri, H. A. Aziz, N. Q. Zaman, S. Q. Aziz, and M. A. Zahed, “Powdered ZELIAC augmented sequencing batch reactors (SBR) process for co-treatment of landfill leachate and domestic wastewater,” J. Environ. Manag., vol. 139, pp. 1-14, 2014.
[5] A. Mojiri, H. A. Aziz, N. Q. Zaman, S. Q. Aziz, and M. A. Zahed, “Metals removal from municipal landfill leachate and wastewater using adsorbents combined with biological method,” Desalin. Water Treat., vol. 57, pp. 2819-2833, 2016.
[6] D. S. Vilar, G. O. Carvalho, M. M. S. Pupo, M. M. Aguiar, N. H. Torres, J. H. P. Américo, E. B. Cavalcanti, K. I. B. Eguiluz, G. R. Salazar-Banda, M. S. Leite, and L. F. R. Ferreira, “Vinasse degradation using Pleurotus sajor-caju in a combined biological – Electrochemical oxidation treatment,” Sep. Purif. Technol., vol. 192, pp. 287-296, 2018.
[7] C. Barrera-Diaz, P. Canizares, F. J. Fernandez, R. Natividad, M. A. Rodrigo, “electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes: An Overview of the Current Applications to Actual Industrial Effluents,” J. Mex. Chem. Soc., vol. 58, pp. 256-275, 2014.
[8] S. Tejedor-Sanz, J. M. Ortiz, and A. Esteve-Núñez, “Merging microbial electrochemical systems with electrocoagulation pretreatment for achieving a complete treatment of brewery wastewater,” Chem. Eng. J., vol. 330, pp. 1068-1074, 2017.
[9] A. Baiju, R. Gandhimathi, S. T. Ramesh, and P. V. Nidheesh, “Combined heterogeneous Electro-Fenton and biological process for the treatment of stabilized landfill leachate,” J. Environ. Manag., vol. 210, pp. 328-337, 2018.
[10] A. Mojiri, H. A. Aziz, and S. Q. Aziz, “Trends in physical-chemical methods for landfill leachate treatment,” J. Sci. Res. Environ. Sci., vol. 1, pp. 16-25, 2013.
[11] A. K. Basumatary, R. V. Kumar, K. Pakshirajan, and G. Pugazhenthi, “Iron(III) removal from aqueous solution using MCM-41 ceramic composite membrane”, Membr. Water Treat., vol. 7, pp. 495-505, 2016.
[12] M. A. Khan, M. I. Khan, and S. Zafar, “Removal of different anionic dyes from aqueous solution by anion exchange membrane”, Membr. Water Treat., vol. 8, pp. 259-277, 2017.
[13] K. Xu, T. Deng, J. Liu, and W. Peng, “Study on the phosphate removal from aqueous solution using modified fly ash,” Fuel, vol. 89, pp. 3668–3674, 2010.
[14] I. Nopens, C. Capalozza, and P. A. Vanrolleghem, “Stability analysis of a synthetic municipal Wastewater,” Department of Applied Mathematics, Biometrics and Process Control, Universiteit Gent, 2001.
[15] K. Parmar, “Removal of cadmium from aqueous solution using cobalt silicate precipitation tube (CoSPT) as adsorbent,” IJSIT, vol. 2, pp. 204–215, 2013.
[16] APHA, “Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater (20th ed.),” American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, USA, 2005.
[17] V. Markou, M. C. Kontogianni, Z. Frontistis, A. G. Tekerlekopoulou, A. Katsaounis, and D. Vayenas, “Electrochemical treatment of biologically pre-treated dairy wastewater using dimensionally stable anodes,” J. Environ. Manag., vol. 202, pp. 217-224, 2017.
[18] S. Tejedor-Sanza, J. M. Ortiz, and A. Esteve-Núñez, “Merging microbial electrochemical systems with electrocoagulation pretreatment for achieving a complete treatment of brewery wastewater,” Chem. Eng. J., vol. 330, pp. 1068-1074, 2017.
[19] H. Huang, D. Zhang, G. Guo, Y. Jiang, M. Wang, and P. Zhang, “Dolomite application for the removal of nutrients from synthetic swine wastewater by a novel combined electrochemical process,” Chem. Eng. J., vol. 335, pp. 665-675, 2018.
[20] A. Qian, P. Liao, S. Yuan, and M. Luo, “Efficient reduction of Cr(VI) in groundwater by a hybrid electro-Pd process,” Water Res., vol. 48, pp. 326–334, 2014.
[21] T. K. Tran, H. J. Leu, K. F. Chiu, and C. Y. Lin, “Electrochemical Treatment for Wastewater Contained Heavy Metal the Removing of the COD and Heavy Metal Ions,” Inter. J. Eng. Res. Sci., vol. 1, pp. 96-101.
[22] C. Peng, R. Jin, G. Li, F. Li, Q. Gu, “Recovery of nickel and water from wastewater with electrochemical combination process,” Sep. Purif. Technol., vol. 136, pp. 42–49, 2014.