Placebo Effect on Psychoemotional Status and Clinical Analyses of Armenian Crohn's Disease Patients
The Zung self-depression scale and Beck Anxiety Inventory were used both to study the depression and anxiety levels of Armenian Crohn’s disease patients, and to reveal the relation between emotional status and placebo effect of these patients. On the other hand, the blood cell analyses and gut bacteria investigations were used to assess the placebo effect on ESR, and haemoglobin-s and leukocyte-s levels as well as gut commensal E. coli quantities of these patients. Despite of registered high levels of depression and anxiety, the high placebo effect on psychoemotional status for investigated patients during the investigations was described. On the other hand, no positive effect of placebo on measurements of ESP and hemoglobin-s levels of Crohn’s disease patients was revealed. The importance of use of psychotherapies for optimal outcomes during treatments of Crohn’s disease is discussed.
[1] Bardel, "Factors associated with adherence to drug therapy: a
population-based study", Eur J Clin Pharmacol, vol. 63, no. 3, 2007, pp.
307-314.
[2] Beck and R. Steer, Beck Anxiety Inventory Manual. San Antonio, TX:
The Psychological Corporation Harcourt Brace and Company, 1993.
[3] Chamouard, Patrick; Zoe Richert, Nicolas Meyer, Gabriel Rahmi, René
Baumann (2006 April). "Diagnostic Value of C-Reactive Protein for
Predicting Activity Level of Crohn's Disease". Clinical Gastroenterology
and Hepatology. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2006.02.003. PMID 16630759
[4] Crohn, "Regional Ileitis", Ed. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1949, pp.
15-64.
[5] Drossman, F. Creed, K. Olden, J. Svedlund, B. Toner, and W.
Whitehead, "Psychosocial aspects of functional gastrointestinal
disorders", Gut, vol. 45, 1999, pp. 1125-1130
[6] Encyclopedia of clinical laboratorial tests. under red. of Ch. Titz,
"Labinform", Moscow -1997 / Encyclopedia of clinical laboratory tests. Ed. H.Titsa. Ed. "Labinform", Moscow
- 1997/,
[7] Gerbert, "Psychological aspects of Crohn's disease", Journal of
Behavioral Medicine, vol. 3, 1980, pp. 41-58
[8] Holt JG, Krieg NR, Smeath PH, Staley JT and Williams ST. (ed.). 9th ed;
1994
[9] J. Kirsner, "Historical origins of current IBD concepts", World J
Gastroenterol., vol. 7, no.2, 2001, pp. 175-184
[10] J. Mawdsley, and D. Rampton, "Psychological stress in IBD: new
insights into pathogenic and therapeutic implications" Gut., vol. 55, no.
7, 2006, pp. 1053-1054
[11] K. Meissner, H. Distel, U. Mitzdorf (2007, March 19), Evidence for
placebo effects on physical but not on biochemical outcome parameters:
a review of clinical trials, BMC Medicine 2007, 5:3doi:10.1186/1741-
7015-5-3, Available: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/5/3
[12] L. Kurina, M. Goldacre, D. Yeates, and L. Gill, "Depression and anxiety
in people with inflammatory bowel disease", J Epidemiol Community
Health, vol. 55, 2001, pp. 716-720
[13] Manvelyan A. M., Balayan M.A., Pepoyan A. Z. The role of gut
microflora in the pathogenesis of Crohn-s disease, to be published, Biol.
J. of Armenia-2007, / Manvelyan AM, Balayan, MA, Pepoyan AZ role the intestinal microflora in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. BZHA 2007 (in Russian), in press] /
[14] Okorokov A.N. Diagnostics of the diseases of internal organs, Vol. 1,
Moscow, 2003, p.255/ Hams AN diagnosis of diseases internal organs. Moscow 2003, Volume 1, p. 255/
[15] S. Brescianini, M. Stoll, T. Trinh, S. Schreiber, J. D. Rioux, M. J. Daly,
IBD5 is associated with an extensive complicated Crohn-s disease
feature: implications from genotype-phenotype analysis, Gut
2007;56:149-150; doi:10.1136/gut.2006.102723, Available:
http://gut.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/56/1/149
[16] Sands, R. Kozarek, J. Spainhour, C. Barish, S. Becker, L. Goldberg, S.
Katz, R. Goldblum, R. Harrigan, D. Hilton, and Hanauer, "Safety and
tolerability of concurrent natalizumab treatment for patients with
Crohn's disease not in remission while receiving infliximab", Inflamm
Bowel Dis., vol. 13, no. 1, 2007, pp. 2-11.
[17] T. Alander, K. Svardsudd, S. Johansson, and L. Agreus, "Psychological
illness is commonly associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders
and is important to consider during patient consultation: a populationbased
study", BMC Med, vol. 13, 2005, pp. 3-8
[18] U. Gophna, K. Sommerfeld, Sh. Gophna, W. Ford Doolittle, Sander J.
O. Veldhuyzen van Zanten (2006 September 8),Differences between
Tissue-Associated Intestinal Microfloras of Patients with Crohn's
Disease and Ulcerative Colitis, J Clin Microbiol. 2006 November; Vol.
44(11): p. 4136-4141, Available:
http://jcm.asm.org/cgi/content/full/44/11/4136
[19] W. Zung, "A Self-rating Depression Scale Scale", Archives of General
Psychiatry, vol. 12, 1965, pp. 63-70
[20] http://www.ccfa.org/research/placebo
[1] Bardel, "Factors associated with adherence to drug therapy: a
population-based study", Eur J Clin Pharmacol, vol. 63, no. 3, 2007, pp.
307-314.
[2] Beck and R. Steer, Beck Anxiety Inventory Manual. San Antonio, TX:
The Psychological Corporation Harcourt Brace and Company, 1993.
[3] Chamouard, Patrick; Zoe Richert, Nicolas Meyer, Gabriel Rahmi, René
Baumann (2006 April). "Diagnostic Value of C-Reactive Protein for
Predicting Activity Level of Crohn's Disease". Clinical Gastroenterology
and Hepatology. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2006.02.003. PMID 16630759
[4] Crohn, "Regional Ileitis", Ed. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1949, pp.
15-64.
[5] Drossman, F. Creed, K. Olden, J. Svedlund, B. Toner, and W.
Whitehead, "Psychosocial aspects of functional gastrointestinal
disorders", Gut, vol. 45, 1999, pp. 1125-1130
[6] Encyclopedia of clinical laboratorial tests. under red. of Ch. Titz,
"Labinform", Moscow -1997 / Encyclopedia of clinical laboratory tests. Ed. H.Titsa. Ed. "Labinform", Moscow
- 1997/,
[7] Gerbert, "Psychological aspects of Crohn's disease", Journal of
Behavioral Medicine, vol. 3, 1980, pp. 41-58
[8] Holt JG, Krieg NR, Smeath PH, Staley JT and Williams ST. (ed.). 9th ed;
1994
[9] J. Kirsner, "Historical origins of current IBD concepts", World J
Gastroenterol., vol. 7, no.2, 2001, pp. 175-184
[10] J. Mawdsley, and D. Rampton, "Psychological stress in IBD: new
insights into pathogenic and therapeutic implications" Gut., vol. 55, no.
7, 2006, pp. 1053-1054
[11] K. Meissner, H. Distel, U. Mitzdorf (2007, March 19), Evidence for
placebo effects on physical but not on biochemical outcome parameters:
a review of clinical trials, BMC Medicine 2007, 5:3doi:10.1186/1741-
7015-5-3, Available: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/5/3
[12] L. Kurina, M. Goldacre, D. Yeates, and L. Gill, "Depression and anxiety
in people with inflammatory bowel disease", J Epidemiol Community
Health, vol. 55, 2001, pp. 716-720
[13] Manvelyan A. M., Balayan M.A., Pepoyan A. Z. The role of gut
microflora in the pathogenesis of Crohn-s disease, to be published, Biol.
J. of Armenia-2007, / Manvelyan AM, Balayan, MA, Pepoyan AZ role the intestinal microflora in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. BZHA 2007 (in Russian), in press] /
[14] Okorokov A.N. Diagnostics of the diseases of internal organs, Vol. 1,
Moscow, 2003, p.255/ Hams AN diagnosis of diseases internal organs. Moscow 2003, Volume 1, p. 255/
[15] S. Brescianini, M. Stoll, T. Trinh, S. Schreiber, J. D. Rioux, M. J. Daly,
IBD5 is associated with an extensive complicated Crohn-s disease
feature: implications from genotype-phenotype analysis, Gut
2007;56:149-150; doi:10.1136/gut.2006.102723, Available:
http://gut.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/56/1/149
[16] Sands, R. Kozarek, J. Spainhour, C. Barish, S. Becker, L. Goldberg, S.
Katz, R. Goldblum, R. Harrigan, D. Hilton, and Hanauer, "Safety and
tolerability of concurrent natalizumab treatment for patients with
Crohn's disease not in remission while receiving infliximab", Inflamm
Bowel Dis., vol. 13, no. 1, 2007, pp. 2-11.
[17] T. Alander, K. Svardsudd, S. Johansson, and L. Agreus, "Psychological
illness is commonly associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders
and is important to consider during patient consultation: a populationbased
study", BMC Med, vol. 13, 2005, pp. 3-8
[18] U. Gophna, K. Sommerfeld, Sh. Gophna, W. Ford Doolittle, Sander J.
O. Veldhuyzen van Zanten (2006 September 8),Differences between
Tissue-Associated Intestinal Microfloras of Patients with Crohn's
Disease and Ulcerative Colitis, J Clin Microbiol. 2006 November; Vol.
44(11): p. 4136-4141, Available:
http://jcm.asm.org/cgi/content/full/44/11/4136
[19] W. Zung, "A Self-rating Depression Scale Scale", Archives of General
Psychiatry, vol. 12, 1965, pp. 63-70
[20] http://www.ccfa.org/research/placebo
@article{"International Journal of Medical, Medicine and Health Sciences:64184", author = "Elya S. Pepoyan and Astghik Z. Pepoyan", title = "Placebo Effect on Psychoemotional Status and Clinical Analyses of Armenian Crohn's Disease Patients", abstract = "The Zung self-depression scale and Beck Anxiety Inventory were used both to study the depression and anxiety levels of Armenian Crohn’s disease patients, and to reveal the relation between emotional status and placebo effect of these patients. On the other hand, the blood cell analyses and gut bacteria investigations were used to assess the placebo effect on ESR, and haemoglobin-s and leukocyte-s levels as well as gut commensal E. coli quantities of these patients. Despite of registered high levels of depression and anxiety, the high placebo effect on psychoemotional status for investigated patients during the investigations was described. On the other hand, no positive effect of placebo on measurements of ESP and hemoglobin-s levels of Crohn’s disease patients was revealed. The importance of use of psychotherapies for optimal outcomes during treatments of Crohn’s disease is discussed.
", keywords = "Crohn's disease, emotional disorders, placebo, gut microflora and blood composition.", volume = "2", number = "3", pages = "133-4", }
