Physico-Chemical Environment of Coastal Areas in the Vicinity of Lbod And Tidal Link Drain in Sindh, Pakistan after Cyclone 2a
This paper presents the results of preliminary
assessment of water quality along the coastal areas in the vicinity of
Left Bank Outfall Drainage (LBOD) and Tidal Link Drain (TLD) in
Sindh province after the cyclone 2A occurred in 1999. The water
samples were collected from various RDs of Tidal Link Drain and
lakes during September 2001 to April 2002 and were analysed for
salinity, nitrite, phosphate, ammonia, silicate and suspended material
in water. The results of the study showed considerable variations in
water quality depending upon the location along the coast in the
vicinity of LBOD and RDs. The salinity ranged between 4.39–65.25
ppt in Tidal Link Drain samples whereas 2.4–38.05 ppt in samples
collected from lakes. The values of suspended material at various
RDs of Tidal Link Drain ranged between 56.6–2134 ppm and at the
lakes between 68–297 ppm. The data of continuous monitoring at
RD–93 showed the range of PO4 (8.6–25.2 μg/l), SiO3 (554.96–1462
μg/l), NO2 (0.557.2–25.2 μg/l) and NH3 (9.38–23.62 μg/l). The
concentration of nutrients in water samples collected from different
RDs was found in the range of PO4 (10.85 to 11.47 μg/l), SiO3 (1624
to 2635.08 μg/l), NO2 (20.38 to 44.8 μg/l) and NH3 (24.08 to 26.6
μg/l). Sindh coastal areas which situated at the north-western
boundary the Arabian Sea are highly vulnerable to flood damages
due to flash floods during SW monsoon or impact of sea level rise
and storm surges coupled with cyclones passing through Arabian Sea
along Pakistan coast. It is hoped that the obtained data in this study
would act as a database for future investigations and monitoring of
LBOD and Tidal Link Drain coastal waters.
[1] Alagha, S. K., "Environmental Monitoring of Tidal Link Drain-LBOD
and its Adjoining Coastal Areas", ME Thesis, Institute of Environmental
Engineering and Management, Mehran University of Engineering and
Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan, 2004.
[2] Memon, M.K. and Sohag, M.A., "Project Planning, Implementation and
its constraints". In: Proceedings of Symposium on Left Bank Outfall
Drain (LBOD) Project and Its Impacts. Organized by Institute of
Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, and Institute of Environmental
Engineering and Management, at Mehran University of Engineering and
Technology (MUET) Jamshoro, Sindh on 29 November, 1997 and
sponsored by MUET and WAPDA (South Zone), Water Wing
Hyderabad, pp. 1-8, 1997.
[3] Hasnain, S. M., Jone, C. R. C., Bradford, M. G., "Tube well Drainage
within LBOD: Implementation Difficulties, Solutions and
Achievements", In: Proceedings of Symposium on Left Bank Outfall
Drain (LBOD) Project and Its Impacts. Organized by Institute of
Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, and Institute of Environmental
Engineering and Management, at Mehran University of Engineering and
Technology Jamshoro, Sindh on 29 November, 1997 and sponsored by
Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro and
WAPDA (South Zone), Water Wing Hyderabad, Pages 59-68, 1997.
[4] Hall, A.C.J., "The Uses of Remote Sensing on LBOD", In: Proceedings
of Symposium on Left Bank Outfall Drain (LBOD) Project and Its
Impacts. Organized by Institute of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,
MUET and Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management,
MUET at Mehran University of Engineering and Technology Jamshoro,
Sindh on 29 November, 1997 and sponsored by Mehran University of
Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro and WAPDA (South Zone),
Water Wing Hyderabad, pp. 19-25, 1997.
[5] Robboy, R. and Sirichany, D., "Left Bank Outfall Drain Project
Tackling Pakistan's Waterlogging and Salinity Problems", Available
online at www.worldbank.org, 1997.
[6] World Bank (South Asia Region, Agriculture and Rural Development) ,
"Review of the performance of the Left Bank Outfall Drain Stage I
(KPOD, DPOD, Tidal Link and Cholri weir)", Report of the World Bank
International Panel of Experts, 2005.
[7] Muhammad, S. and Ali, A., "Effect of Farm Drainage System on Crop
Production", Pakistan Journal of Water Resources, Vol. 12(1), pp. 1-8,
2008.
[8] Rehman, H. and Battarai, R., "Modelling and socio-economic impact
analysis of floods in coastal cities under sea level rising scenarios: A
case study of Karachi, Sindh Pakistan", pp.29-36, 2005. In: Proceeding
of the International Symposium on Floods in Coastal Cities under
Climate Change Conditions, Thailand, 2005.
[9] Inam, A., Rabbani, M. M., Mehmood, K., Ali, S.M., Tebrez, S.M.,
Danish, M., Sheikh, S.A., "Geological Hazards along Sindh Coast with
Special References to Karachi Coast", Pak. J. Oceanography 3(1):37-50,
2007.
[10] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation (FAO),
"Manual of Methods in Aquatic Environment Research. Part-I Method
for Detection, Measurement and Monitoring of Water Pollution", 1975.
[11] Parsons, T. R.; Maita, Y.; Lalli, C. M., "A Manual of Chemical and
Biological Methods for Sea Water Analysis", Pergamon Press, New
York, 1984.
[12] National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), "Annual Physical Monitoring
report", 2004, Karachi.
[13] National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), "Hydraulic Monitoring of
Tidal Link Drain, Final Technical Report", June 1998, Karachi.
[14] Schneider, A. K., "National Drainage Program project in Pakistan",
International Rivers Network (IRN) Comment on the Inspection Panel
Report and Management response, 2006.
[15] Sayed, M.F., and Abdel-Satar, A.M., "Chemical Assessment of Wadi El-
Rayan Lakes-Egypt", American- Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci.,
5(1): 53-62, 2009.
[16] Khuhawar T. M. J., Khuhawar M. Y., Mastoi, G.M., "Chemical
Assessment of Water Quality at KPOD and Tidal Link of LBOD
Project", In: Proceedings of Symposium on Left Bank Outfall Drain
(LBOD) Project and Its Impacts. Organized by Institute of Irrigation and
Drainage Engineering, and Institute of Environmental Engineering and
Management, at Mehran University of Engineering and Technology
Jamshoro, Sindh on 29 November, 1997 and sponsored by Mehran
University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro and WAPDA
(South Zone), Water Wing Hyderabad, pp. 53-58, 1997.
[1] Alagha, S. K., "Environmental Monitoring of Tidal Link Drain-LBOD
and its Adjoining Coastal Areas", ME Thesis, Institute of Environmental
Engineering and Management, Mehran University of Engineering and
Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan, 2004.
[2] Memon, M.K. and Sohag, M.A., "Project Planning, Implementation and
its constraints". In: Proceedings of Symposium on Left Bank Outfall
Drain (LBOD) Project and Its Impacts. Organized by Institute of
Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, and Institute of Environmental
Engineering and Management, at Mehran University of Engineering and
Technology (MUET) Jamshoro, Sindh on 29 November, 1997 and
sponsored by MUET and WAPDA (South Zone), Water Wing
Hyderabad, pp. 1-8, 1997.
[3] Hasnain, S. M., Jone, C. R. C., Bradford, M. G., "Tube well Drainage
within LBOD: Implementation Difficulties, Solutions and
Achievements", In: Proceedings of Symposium on Left Bank Outfall
Drain (LBOD) Project and Its Impacts. Organized by Institute of
Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, and Institute of Environmental
Engineering and Management, at Mehran University of Engineering and
Technology Jamshoro, Sindh on 29 November, 1997 and sponsored by
Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro and
WAPDA (South Zone), Water Wing Hyderabad, Pages 59-68, 1997.
[4] Hall, A.C.J., "The Uses of Remote Sensing on LBOD", In: Proceedings
of Symposium on Left Bank Outfall Drain (LBOD) Project and Its
Impacts. Organized by Institute of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,
MUET and Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management,
MUET at Mehran University of Engineering and Technology Jamshoro,
Sindh on 29 November, 1997 and sponsored by Mehran University of
Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro and WAPDA (South Zone),
Water Wing Hyderabad, pp. 19-25, 1997.
[5] Robboy, R. and Sirichany, D., "Left Bank Outfall Drain Project
Tackling Pakistan's Waterlogging and Salinity Problems", Available
online at www.worldbank.org, 1997.
[6] World Bank (South Asia Region, Agriculture and Rural Development) ,
"Review of the performance of the Left Bank Outfall Drain Stage I
(KPOD, DPOD, Tidal Link and Cholri weir)", Report of the World Bank
International Panel of Experts, 2005.
[7] Muhammad, S. and Ali, A., "Effect of Farm Drainage System on Crop
Production", Pakistan Journal of Water Resources, Vol. 12(1), pp. 1-8,
2008.
[8] Rehman, H. and Battarai, R., "Modelling and socio-economic impact
analysis of floods in coastal cities under sea level rising scenarios: A
case study of Karachi, Sindh Pakistan", pp.29-36, 2005. In: Proceeding
of the International Symposium on Floods in Coastal Cities under
Climate Change Conditions, Thailand, 2005.
[9] Inam, A., Rabbani, M. M., Mehmood, K., Ali, S.M., Tebrez, S.M.,
Danish, M., Sheikh, S.A., "Geological Hazards along Sindh Coast with
Special References to Karachi Coast", Pak. J. Oceanography 3(1):37-50,
2007.
[10] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation (FAO),
"Manual of Methods in Aquatic Environment Research. Part-I Method
for Detection, Measurement and Monitoring of Water Pollution", 1975.
[11] Parsons, T. R.; Maita, Y.; Lalli, C. M., "A Manual of Chemical and
Biological Methods for Sea Water Analysis", Pergamon Press, New
York, 1984.
[12] National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), "Annual Physical Monitoring
report", 2004, Karachi.
[13] National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), "Hydraulic Monitoring of
Tidal Link Drain, Final Technical Report", June 1998, Karachi.
[14] Schneider, A. K., "National Drainage Program project in Pakistan",
International Rivers Network (IRN) Comment on the Inspection Panel
Report and Management response, 2006.
[15] Sayed, M.F., and Abdel-Satar, A.M., "Chemical Assessment of Wadi El-
Rayan Lakes-Egypt", American- Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci.,
5(1): 53-62, 2009.
[16] Khuhawar T. M. J., Khuhawar M. Y., Mastoi, G.M., "Chemical
Assessment of Water Quality at KPOD and Tidal Link of LBOD
Project", In: Proceedings of Symposium on Left Bank Outfall Drain
(LBOD) Project and Its Impacts. Organized by Institute of Irrigation and
Drainage Engineering, and Institute of Environmental Engineering and
Management, at Mehran University of Engineering and Technology
Jamshoro, Sindh on 29 November, 1997 and sponsored by Mehran
University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro and WAPDA
(South Zone), Water Wing Hyderabad, pp. 53-58, 1997.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:50542", author = "Salam Khalid Al-Agha and Inamullah Bhatti and Hossam Adel Zaqoot and Shaukat Hayat Khan and Abdul Khalique Ansari", title = "Physico-Chemical Environment of Coastal Areas in the Vicinity of Lbod And Tidal Link Drain in Sindh, Pakistan after Cyclone 2a", abstract = "This paper presents the results of preliminary
assessment of water quality along the coastal areas in the vicinity of
Left Bank Outfall Drainage (LBOD) and Tidal Link Drain (TLD) in
Sindh province after the cyclone 2A occurred in 1999. The water
samples were collected from various RDs of Tidal Link Drain and
lakes during September 2001 to April 2002 and were analysed for
salinity, nitrite, phosphate, ammonia, silicate and suspended material
in water. The results of the study showed considerable variations in
water quality depending upon the location along the coast in the
vicinity of LBOD and RDs. The salinity ranged between 4.39–65.25
ppt in Tidal Link Drain samples whereas 2.4–38.05 ppt in samples
collected from lakes. The values of suspended material at various
RDs of Tidal Link Drain ranged between 56.6–2134 ppm and at the
lakes between 68–297 ppm. The data of continuous monitoring at
RD–93 showed the range of PO4 (8.6–25.2 μg/l), SiO3 (554.96–1462
μg/l), NO2 (0.557.2–25.2 μg/l) and NH3 (9.38–23.62 μg/l). The
concentration of nutrients in water samples collected from different
RDs was found in the range of PO4 (10.85 to 11.47 μg/l), SiO3 (1624
to 2635.08 μg/l), NO2 (20.38 to 44.8 μg/l) and NH3 (24.08 to 26.6
μg/l). Sindh coastal areas which situated at the north-western
boundary the Arabian Sea are highly vulnerable to flood damages
due to flash floods during SW monsoon or impact of sea level rise
and storm surges coupled with cyclones passing through Arabian Sea
along Pakistan coast. It is hoped that the obtained data in this study
would act as a database for future investigations and monitoring of
LBOD and Tidal Link Drain coastal waters.", keywords = "Tidal Link Drain, Salinity, Nutrients, Nitrite salts, Coastal areas.", volume = "5", number = "3", pages = "116-6", }
