Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Intelligent Controllers in Load Frequency Control of Multi Area Interconnected Power Systems
This paper deals with the application of artificial
neural network (ANN) and fuzzy based Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy
Inference System(ANFIS) approach to Load Frequency Control
(LFC) of multi unequal area hydro-thermal interconnected power
system. The proposed ANFIS controller combines the advantages of
fuzzy controller as well as quick response and adaptability nature of
ANN. Area-1 and area-2 consists of thermal reheat power plant
whereas area-3 and area-4 consists of hydro power plant with electric
governor. Performance evaluation is carried out by using intelligent
controller like ANFIS, ANN and Fuzzy controllers and conventional
PI and PID control approaches. To enhance the performance of
intelligent and conventional controller sliding surface is included.
The performances of the controllers are simulated using
MATLAB/SIMULINK package. A comparison of ANFIS, ANN,
Fuzzy, PI and PID based approaches shows the superiority of
proposed ANFIS over ANN & fuzzy, PI and PID controller for 1%
step load variation.
[1] George Gross and Jeong Woo Lee, "Analysis of Load Frequency Control
Performance Assessment Criteria", IEEE transaction on Power System
Vol. 16 No, 3 Aug 2001
[2] D. P. Kothari , Nagrath " Modern Power System Analysis"; Tata Mc
Gro Hill, Third Edition, 2003.
[3] Kundur P, " Power System Stability and Control", Mc Graw hill New
York, 1994.
[4] CL Wadhawa " Electric Power System" New Age International Pub.
Edition 2007.
[5] Elgerd O. I. , " Elctric Energy System Theory; An Introduction " Mc
Gro Hill, 1971.
[6] Jawad Talaq and Fadel Al- Basri , " Adaptive Fuzzy gain scheduling for
Load Frequency Control", IEEE Transaction on Power System, Vol. 14.
No. 1. Feb 1999.
[7] P. Aravindan and M.Y. Sanavullah, "Fuzzy Logic Based Automatic
Load Frequency Control of Two Area Power System With GRC"
International Journal of Computational Intelligence Research, Volume
5, Number 1 (2009), pp. 37-44
[8] J. Nanda, J.S Kakkarum, "Automatic Generation Control with Fuzzy
logic controllers considering generation constraints", in Proceeding of
6th Int Conf on Advances in Power System Control Operation and
managements" Hong Kong , Nov, 2003.
[9] A. Magla, J. Nanda, "Automatic Generation Control of an
Interconnected hydro- Thermal System Using Conventional Integral and
Fuzzy logic Control", in Proc. IEEE Electric Utility Deregulation,
Restructuring and Power Technologies, Apr 2004.
[10] A. Demiroren, H.L. Zeynelgil, N.S. Sengor "The application of ANN
Technique toLoad-frequency Control For Three-rea Power System"
Paper acceptcd for presentation at PPT 001, 2001 IEEE Porto Power
Tech Conference I0th -13'h September, Porto, Portugal.
[11] Surya Prakash , SK Sinha, "Impact of slider gain on Load Frequency
Control using Fuzzy Logic Controller" ARPN Journal of Engineering
and Applied Science, Vol4,No7, Sep 2009.
[12] John Y, Hung, "Variable Structure Control: A Survey", IEEE
Transaction on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 40, No.1 Feb 1993.
[13] Ashok Kumar, O.P. Malik., G.S. Hope. "Variable-structure-system
control applied to AGC of an interconnected power System" I.E.E.E.
1EE PROCEEDINGS, Vol. 132, Pt. C, No. 1, JANUARY 1985
[14] Timothy. J. Ross; ÔÇÿFuzzy logic with engineering application-, Mc Gro
Hill, International Edition 1995
[15] Q. P. Ha, "A Fuzzy sliding mode controller for Power System Load
Frequency Control", 1998 Second International Conference of
Knowledge based Intelligent Electronic System, 21-23 Apr 1998,
Adelaide, Australia,
[16] M.Masiala,, M. Ghnbi and A. Kaddouri "An Adaptive Fuzzy
ControllerGain Scheduling For Power System Load-Frequency Control"
2004.lEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT).
[17] S Hykin "Neural Network ÔÇÿMac Miller NY 1994.
[18] J N Mines ÔÇÿMATLAB Supplement to Fuzzy & Neural approach in
Engineering- John Wiley NY 1997.
[19] B. Anand and A Ebenezer Jeyakumar, "Load frequency control with
Fuzzylogic controller considering non-linearities and boiler dynamics"
ICGST-ACSE Journal, ISSN 1687-4811, Volume 8, issue 111, pp 15-
20, 2009.
[20] Gayadhar Panda, Sidhartha Panda & Cemal Ardil, "Automatic
Generation Control of Interconnected Power System with Generation
Rate Constraints by Hybrid Neuro Fuzzy Approach" World Academy of
Science, Engineering & Technology 52, pp-543- 548, 2009.
[21] H. Shayeghi & H.A. Shayanfar, "Power system load frequency control
using RBF neural network based on ╬╝-Synthesis theory". Proceeding of
IEEE conference on cybernetics and intelligent system Singapore, 1-3
Dec 2004, pp 93-98, 2004.
[22] H. Shayeghi, HA Shayanfar & A Jalili, "Load frequency control
strategies: A state-of-the- art survey for the researcher" Energy
Conversion and management 50, pp 344-353, ELSEVIER, 2009.
[23] Ibraheem, Prabhat Kumar and DP Kothari, "Recent Philosophies of
Automatic Generation Control strategies in Power systems" IEEE
Transaction on Power system Vol.20, No.1, pp-346-357, 2005.
[24] Panna Ram & AN Jha, "Automatic Generation control of interconnected
hydro-thermal system in deregulated environment considering
generation rate constraints". International Conference on Industrial
Electronics, Control and Robotics, pp 148-158, 2010.
[25] Emre Ozkop1, Ismail H. Altas1, Adel M. Sharaf, Load Frequency
Control in Four Area Power Systems Using Fuzzy Logic PI Controller
,16th National Power Systems Conference, 15th-17th December, 2010,
Department of Electrical Engineering, Univ. College of Engg., Osmania
University, Hyderabad, A.P, INDIA page No,233-236.
[26] Swasti R. Khuntia, Sidhartha Panda.-Simulation study for automatic
generation control of a multi-area power system by ANFIS approach-.
Applied Soft Computing 12 (2012) pp333-341(Science direct).
[27] K.R. Sudha , R. Vijaya Santhi. ÔÇÿRobust decentralized load frequency
control of interconnected power system with Generation Rate
Constraint using Type-2 fuzzy approach-. Electrical Power and Energy
Systems 33 (2011) Pp 699-707(Science direct).
[28] K.P. Singh Parmar , S. Majhi , D.P. Kothari. "Load frequency control of
a realistic power system with multi-source power generation". Electrical
Power and Energy Systems 42 (2012) Pp426-433(Science direct).
[29] J.R. Jang, "ANFIS: Adaptive-network-Based Fuzzy Inference System",
IEEE Trans. On Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Vol. 23, No.3, May.
1993, pp. 665-685.
[30] Kalyan Chatterjee, ÔÇÿDesign of Dual mode PI controller for load
Frequency Control" International Journal of Emerging Electric Power
Systems:, Vol. 3 pg. No. 5, 2010.
[1] George Gross and Jeong Woo Lee, "Analysis of Load Frequency Control
Performance Assessment Criteria", IEEE transaction on Power System
Vol. 16 No, 3 Aug 2001
[2] D. P. Kothari , Nagrath " Modern Power System Analysis"; Tata Mc
Gro Hill, Third Edition, 2003.
[3] Kundur P, " Power System Stability and Control", Mc Graw hill New
York, 1994.
[4] CL Wadhawa " Electric Power System" New Age International Pub.
Edition 2007.
[5] Elgerd O. I. , " Elctric Energy System Theory; An Introduction " Mc
Gro Hill, 1971.
[6] Jawad Talaq and Fadel Al- Basri , " Adaptive Fuzzy gain scheduling for
Load Frequency Control", IEEE Transaction on Power System, Vol. 14.
No. 1. Feb 1999.
[7] P. Aravindan and M.Y. Sanavullah, "Fuzzy Logic Based Automatic
Load Frequency Control of Two Area Power System With GRC"
International Journal of Computational Intelligence Research, Volume
5, Number 1 (2009), pp. 37-44
[8] J. Nanda, J.S Kakkarum, "Automatic Generation Control with Fuzzy
logic controllers considering generation constraints", in Proceeding of
6th Int Conf on Advances in Power System Control Operation and
managements" Hong Kong , Nov, 2003.
[9] A. Magla, J. Nanda, "Automatic Generation Control of an
Interconnected hydro- Thermal System Using Conventional Integral and
Fuzzy logic Control", in Proc. IEEE Electric Utility Deregulation,
Restructuring and Power Technologies, Apr 2004.
[10] A. Demiroren, H.L. Zeynelgil, N.S. Sengor "The application of ANN
Technique toLoad-frequency Control For Three-rea Power System"
Paper acceptcd for presentation at PPT 001, 2001 IEEE Porto Power
Tech Conference I0th -13'h September, Porto, Portugal.
[11] Surya Prakash , SK Sinha, "Impact of slider gain on Load Frequency
Control using Fuzzy Logic Controller" ARPN Journal of Engineering
and Applied Science, Vol4,No7, Sep 2009.
[12] John Y, Hung, "Variable Structure Control: A Survey", IEEE
Transaction on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 40, No.1 Feb 1993.
[13] Ashok Kumar, O.P. Malik., G.S. Hope. "Variable-structure-system
control applied to AGC of an interconnected power System" I.E.E.E.
1EE PROCEEDINGS, Vol. 132, Pt. C, No. 1, JANUARY 1985
[14] Timothy. J. Ross; ÔÇÿFuzzy logic with engineering application-, Mc Gro
Hill, International Edition 1995
[15] Q. P. Ha, "A Fuzzy sliding mode controller for Power System Load
Frequency Control", 1998 Second International Conference of
Knowledge based Intelligent Electronic System, 21-23 Apr 1998,
Adelaide, Australia,
[16] M.Masiala,, M. Ghnbi and A. Kaddouri "An Adaptive Fuzzy
ControllerGain Scheduling For Power System Load-Frequency Control"
2004.lEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT).
[17] S Hykin "Neural Network ÔÇÿMac Miller NY 1994.
[18] J N Mines ÔÇÿMATLAB Supplement to Fuzzy & Neural approach in
Engineering- John Wiley NY 1997.
[19] B. Anand and A Ebenezer Jeyakumar, "Load frequency control with
Fuzzylogic controller considering non-linearities and boiler dynamics"
ICGST-ACSE Journal, ISSN 1687-4811, Volume 8, issue 111, pp 15-
20, 2009.
[20] Gayadhar Panda, Sidhartha Panda & Cemal Ardil, "Automatic
Generation Control of Interconnected Power System with Generation
Rate Constraints by Hybrid Neuro Fuzzy Approach" World Academy of
Science, Engineering & Technology 52, pp-543- 548, 2009.
[21] H. Shayeghi & H.A. Shayanfar, "Power system load frequency control
using RBF neural network based on ╬╝-Synthesis theory". Proceeding of
IEEE conference on cybernetics and intelligent system Singapore, 1-3
Dec 2004, pp 93-98, 2004.
[22] H. Shayeghi, HA Shayanfar & A Jalili, "Load frequency control
strategies: A state-of-the- art survey for the researcher" Energy
Conversion and management 50, pp 344-353, ELSEVIER, 2009.
[23] Ibraheem, Prabhat Kumar and DP Kothari, "Recent Philosophies of
Automatic Generation Control strategies in Power systems" IEEE
Transaction on Power system Vol.20, No.1, pp-346-357, 2005.
[24] Panna Ram & AN Jha, "Automatic Generation control of interconnected
hydro-thermal system in deregulated environment considering
generation rate constraints". International Conference on Industrial
Electronics, Control and Robotics, pp 148-158, 2010.
[25] Emre Ozkop1, Ismail H. Altas1, Adel M. Sharaf, Load Frequency
Control in Four Area Power Systems Using Fuzzy Logic PI Controller
,16th National Power Systems Conference, 15th-17th December, 2010,
Department of Electrical Engineering, Univ. College of Engg., Osmania
University, Hyderabad, A.P, INDIA page No,233-236.
[26] Swasti R. Khuntia, Sidhartha Panda.-Simulation study for automatic
generation control of a multi-area power system by ANFIS approach-.
Applied Soft Computing 12 (2012) pp333-341(Science direct).
[27] K.R. Sudha , R. Vijaya Santhi. ÔÇÿRobust decentralized load frequency
control of interconnected power system with Generation Rate
Constraint using Type-2 fuzzy approach-. Electrical Power and Energy
Systems 33 (2011) Pp 699-707(Science direct).
[28] K.P. Singh Parmar , S. Majhi , D.P. Kothari. "Load frequency control of
a realistic power system with multi-source power generation". Electrical
Power and Energy Systems 42 (2012) Pp426-433(Science direct).
[29] J.R. Jang, "ANFIS: Adaptive-network-Based Fuzzy Inference System",
IEEE Trans. On Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Vol. 23, No.3, May.
1993, pp. 665-685.
[30] Kalyan Chatterjee, ÔÇÿDesign of Dual mode PI controller for load
Frequency Control" International Journal of Emerging Electric Power
Systems:, Vol. 3 pg. No. 5, 2010.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:61211", author = "Surya Prakash and Sunil Kumar Sinha", title = "Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Intelligent Controllers in Load Frequency Control of Multi Area Interconnected Power Systems", abstract = "This paper deals with the application of artificial
neural network (ANN) and fuzzy based Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy
Inference System(ANFIS) approach to Load Frequency Control
(LFC) of multi unequal area hydro-thermal interconnected power
system. The proposed ANFIS controller combines the advantages of
fuzzy controller as well as quick response and adaptability nature of
ANN. Area-1 and area-2 consists of thermal reheat power plant
whereas area-3 and area-4 consists of hydro power plant with electric
governor. Performance evaluation is carried out by using intelligent
controller like ANFIS, ANN and Fuzzy controllers and conventional
PI and PID control approaches. To enhance the performance of
intelligent and conventional controller sliding surface is included.
The performances of the controllers are simulated using
MATLAB/SIMULINK package. A comparison of ANFIS, ANN,
Fuzzy, PI and PID based approaches shows the superiority of
proposed ANFIS over ANN & fuzzy, PI and PID controller for 1%
step load variation.", keywords = "Load Frequency Control (LFC), ANFIS, ANN &
Fuzzy, PI, PID Controllers, Area Control Error (ACE), Tie-line,
MATLAB / SIMULINK.", volume = "7", number = "5", pages = "545-10", }
