Pathogenetic Mechanism of Alcohol's Effect on Academic Performance
The regulatory competence of blood glucose homeostasis might determine the degree of academic performance. The aim of this study was to produce a model of students' alcohol use based on glucose homeostasis control and cognitive functions that might define the pathogenetic mechanism of alcohol's effect on academic performance. The study took six hours and thirty minutes on fasting, involving thirteen male students. Disturbances in cognitive functions, precisely a decrease in the effectiveness of active attention and a faster development of fatigue after four to six hours of mental work in alcohol users, compared to abstainers was statistically proven. These disturbances in alcohol users were retained even after seven to ten days of moderate alcohol use and might be the reason for the low academic performances among students who use alcoholic beverages.
[1] M. O. Welcome, Y. E. Razvodovsky, E. A. Dotsenko, V. A. Pereverzev,
"Prevalence of alcohol-linked problems among Nigerian students in
Minsk, Belarus and their academic performance," Pð¥rt Harcourt Med.
J., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 120-129, 2008.
[2] M. J. Paschall, B. Freisthler, "Does Heavy Drinking Affect Academic
Performance in College?," JSAD., vol. 64, no. 4, pp. 515-519, 2003.
[3] J. C. Fernandez-Checa, "Alcohol-induced liver diseases: when fat and
oxidation stress meet," Ann. Hepatol., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 69-75, 2003.
[4] E. C. McNay, T. M. Fries, P. E. Gold, "Decreases in rat extracellular
hippocampal glucose concentration associated with cognitive demand
during a spatial task," PNAS., vol. 97, no. 6, pp. 2881-2885, 2000.
[5] M. D. Ginsberg, W. D. Dietrich, R. Busto, "Coupled forebrain increases
of local cerebral glucose utilization and blood flow during physiologic
stimulation of a somatosensory pathway in the rat: demonstration by
double-label autoradiography," Neurology., vol. 37, pp. 11-19, 1987.
[6] B. E. de Galan, B. J. J. W Schouwenberg, C. J. Tack, P. Smits,
"Pathophysiology and management of recurrent hypoglycaemia and
hypoglycaemia unawareness in diabetes," Neth. J. Med., vol. 64, no. 8,
pp. 269-279, 2006.
[7] N. F. Cruz, G. A. Dienel, "High glycogen levels in brains of rats with
minimal environmental stimuli: implications for metabolic contributions
of working astrocytes," J. Cereb. Blood. Flow. Metab., vol. 22, pp.
1476-1489, 2002.
[8] M. K. Dalsgaard, K. Ide, Y. Cai, B. Quistorff, N. H. Secher, "The intent
to exercise influences the cerebral O2/carbohydrate uptake ratio in
humans," J. Physiol., vol. 540, pp. 681-689, 2002.
[9] K. Jukka, A. Sargo, F. Toshihiko et al., "High intensity exercise
decreases global brain glucose uptake in humans," J. Physiol., vol. 568,
no. 1, pp. 323-332, 2005.
[10] C. S. Lieber, "Alcohol and the liver: metabolism of alcohol and its role
in hepatic and extrahepatic diseases," Mt. Sinai. J. Med., vol. 67, no. 1,
pp. 85-94, 2000.
[11] K. Gustafsson, N. G. Asp, B. Hagander, M. Nyman, "Effects of different
vegetables in mixed meals on glucose homeostasis and satiety," Eur. J.
Clin. Nutr., vol. 47, pp. 192-200, 1993.
[12] W. F. Ganong. Review of medical physiology, 22nd ed, San Francisco:
Lange, 2005, pp. 382-395.
[13] W. Hadley, J. H. Koeslag, J. V. de Lochner, "Ethanol ingestion and the
development of post-exercise ketosis in non-alcoholic liver subjects," Q.
J. Exp. Physiol., vol. 73, pp. 79-85, 1988.
[14] C. D. Spielberger, S. S. Krasner, "The assessment of state and trait
anxiety," in Handbook of anxiety: Classification, etiological factors and
associated disturbances, vol. 2, P. J. Noyes, M. Roth, G. D. Burrows,
Eds. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1988, pp. 31-51.
[15] C. D. Spielberger, L. M. Ritterband, S. J. Sydeman, E. C. Reheiser, K. K.
Unger, "Assessment of emotional states and personality traits:
Measuring psychological vital signs," in Clinical personality
assessment, J. N. Butcher, Ed. New York: Oxford University Press,
1995, pp. 42-58.
[16] O. P. John, L. P. Naumann, C. J. Soto, "Paradigm Shift to the Integrative
Big-Five Trait Taxonomy: History, Measurement, and Conceptual
Issues," in Handbook of personality: Theory and research, O. P. John,
R. W. Robins, L. A. Pervin, Eds. New York, NY: Guilford Press, 2008,
pp. 114-158.
[17] American Diabetes Association, "Consensus statement on self
monitoring of blood glucose," Diabetes Care., no.1, pp. 95-99, 1987.
[18] G. A. Alvarez, P. Cavanagh, "The capacity of visual short-term memory
is set both by visual information load and by number of objects,"
Psychol. Sci., vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 106-111, 2004.
[19] S. J. Luck, E. K. Vogel, "The capacity of visual working memory for
features and conjunctions," Nature., vol. 390, pp. 279-281, 1997.
[20] A. Treisman, G. Gelade, "A feature integration theory of attention,"
Cognit. Psychol., vol. 12, pp. 97-136, 1980.
[21] B. de Gelder, J. Vroomen, "Abstract versus modality - specific memory
representations in processing auditory and visual speech," Mem. Cognit.,
vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 533-538, 1992.
[22] J. Duncan, G. W. Humphreys, "Visual search and stimulus similarity,"
Psychol. Rev., vol. 96, no. 3, pp. 433-458, 1989.
[23] R. W. Frick, "Testing visual short term memory: simultaneous versus
sequential presentations," Mem. Cognit., vol. 13, pp. 346-356, 1985.
[24] Y. Jiang, I. R. Olson, M. M. Chun, "Organization of visual short-term
memory," J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn., vol. 26, pp. 683-702,
2000.
[25] J. Lepsien, A. C. Nobre, "Attentional modulation of object
representations in working memory," Cereb. Cortex., vol. 17, pp. 2072-
2083, 2007.
[26] T. Makovski, Y. V. Jiang, "Distributing versus focusing attention in
visual short-term memory," Psychon. Bull. Rev., vol. 14, pp. 1072-1078,
2007.
[27] T. H. Crook, G. J. Larabee, "Normative data on a self-rating scale for
evaluating memory in everyday life," Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol., vol. 7,
pp. 41-51, 1992.
[28] D. G. Smith, M. J. J. Duncan, "Testing theories of recognition memory
by predicting performance across paradigms," J. Exp. Psychol. Learn.
Mem. Cogn., vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 615-625, 2004.
[1] M. O. Welcome, Y. E. Razvodovsky, E. A. Dotsenko, V. A. Pereverzev,
"Prevalence of alcohol-linked problems among Nigerian students in
Minsk, Belarus and their academic performance," Pð¥rt Harcourt Med.
J., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 120-129, 2008.
[2] M. J. Paschall, B. Freisthler, "Does Heavy Drinking Affect Academic
Performance in College?," JSAD., vol. 64, no. 4, pp. 515-519, 2003.
[3] J. C. Fernandez-Checa, "Alcohol-induced liver diseases: when fat and
oxidation stress meet," Ann. Hepatol., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 69-75, 2003.
[4] E. C. McNay, T. M. Fries, P. E. Gold, "Decreases in rat extracellular
hippocampal glucose concentration associated with cognitive demand
during a spatial task," PNAS., vol. 97, no. 6, pp. 2881-2885, 2000.
[5] M. D. Ginsberg, W. D. Dietrich, R. Busto, "Coupled forebrain increases
of local cerebral glucose utilization and blood flow during physiologic
stimulation of a somatosensory pathway in the rat: demonstration by
double-label autoradiography," Neurology., vol. 37, pp. 11-19, 1987.
[6] B. E. de Galan, B. J. J. W Schouwenberg, C. J. Tack, P. Smits,
"Pathophysiology and management of recurrent hypoglycaemia and
hypoglycaemia unawareness in diabetes," Neth. J. Med., vol. 64, no. 8,
pp. 269-279, 2006.
[7] N. F. Cruz, G. A. Dienel, "High glycogen levels in brains of rats with
minimal environmental stimuli: implications for metabolic contributions
of working astrocytes," J. Cereb. Blood. Flow. Metab., vol. 22, pp.
1476-1489, 2002.
[8] M. K. Dalsgaard, K. Ide, Y. Cai, B. Quistorff, N. H. Secher, "The intent
to exercise influences the cerebral O2/carbohydrate uptake ratio in
humans," J. Physiol., vol. 540, pp. 681-689, 2002.
[9] K. Jukka, A. Sargo, F. Toshihiko et al., "High intensity exercise
decreases global brain glucose uptake in humans," J. Physiol., vol. 568,
no. 1, pp. 323-332, 2005.
[10] C. S. Lieber, "Alcohol and the liver: metabolism of alcohol and its role
in hepatic and extrahepatic diseases," Mt. Sinai. J. Med., vol. 67, no. 1,
pp. 85-94, 2000.
[11] K. Gustafsson, N. G. Asp, B. Hagander, M. Nyman, "Effects of different
vegetables in mixed meals on glucose homeostasis and satiety," Eur. J.
Clin. Nutr., vol. 47, pp. 192-200, 1993.
[12] W. F. Ganong. Review of medical physiology, 22nd ed, San Francisco:
Lange, 2005, pp. 382-395.
[13] W. Hadley, J. H. Koeslag, J. V. de Lochner, "Ethanol ingestion and the
development of post-exercise ketosis in non-alcoholic liver subjects," Q.
J. Exp. Physiol., vol. 73, pp. 79-85, 1988.
[14] C. D. Spielberger, S. S. Krasner, "The assessment of state and trait
anxiety," in Handbook of anxiety: Classification, etiological factors and
associated disturbances, vol. 2, P. J. Noyes, M. Roth, G. D. Burrows,
Eds. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1988, pp. 31-51.
[15] C. D. Spielberger, L. M. Ritterband, S. J. Sydeman, E. C. Reheiser, K. K.
Unger, "Assessment of emotional states and personality traits:
Measuring psychological vital signs," in Clinical personality
assessment, J. N. Butcher, Ed. New York: Oxford University Press,
1995, pp. 42-58.
[16] O. P. John, L. P. Naumann, C. J. Soto, "Paradigm Shift to the Integrative
Big-Five Trait Taxonomy: History, Measurement, and Conceptual
Issues," in Handbook of personality: Theory and research, O. P. John,
R. W. Robins, L. A. Pervin, Eds. New York, NY: Guilford Press, 2008,
pp. 114-158.
[17] American Diabetes Association, "Consensus statement on self
monitoring of blood glucose," Diabetes Care., no.1, pp. 95-99, 1987.
[18] G. A. Alvarez, P. Cavanagh, "The capacity of visual short-term memory
is set both by visual information load and by number of objects,"
Psychol. Sci., vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 106-111, 2004.
[19] S. J. Luck, E. K. Vogel, "The capacity of visual working memory for
features and conjunctions," Nature., vol. 390, pp. 279-281, 1997.
[20] A. Treisman, G. Gelade, "A feature integration theory of attention,"
Cognit. Psychol., vol. 12, pp. 97-136, 1980.
[21] B. de Gelder, J. Vroomen, "Abstract versus modality - specific memory
representations in processing auditory and visual speech," Mem. Cognit.,
vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 533-538, 1992.
[22] J. Duncan, G. W. Humphreys, "Visual search and stimulus similarity,"
Psychol. Rev., vol. 96, no. 3, pp. 433-458, 1989.
[23] R. W. Frick, "Testing visual short term memory: simultaneous versus
sequential presentations," Mem. Cognit., vol. 13, pp. 346-356, 1985.
[24] Y. Jiang, I. R. Olson, M. M. Chun, "Organization of visual short-term
memory," J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn., vol. 26, pp. 683-702,
2000.
[25] J. Lepsien, A. C. Nobre, "Attentional modulation of object
representations in working memory," Cereb. Cortex., vol. 17, pp. 2072-
2083, 2007.
[26] T. Makovski, Y. V. Jiang, "Distributing versus focusing attention in
visual short-term memory," Psychon. Bull. Rev., vol. 14, pp. 1072-1078,
2007.
[27] T. H. Crook, G. J. Larabee, "Normative data on a self-rating scale for
evaluating memory in everyday life," Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol., vol. 7,
pp. 41-51, 1992.
[28] D. G. Smith, M. J. J. Duncan, "Testing theories of recognition memory
by predicting performance across paradigms," J. Exp. Psychol. Learn.
Mem. Cogn., vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 615-625, 2004.
@article{"International Journal of Medical, Medicine and Health Sciences:53788", author = "M. O. Welcome and E. V. Pereverzeva and V. A. Pereverzev", title = "Pathogenetic Mechanism of Alcohol's Effect on Academic Performance", abstract = "The regulatory competence of blood glucose homeostasis might determine the degree of academic performance. The aim of this study was to produce a model of students' alcohol use based on glucose homeostasis control and cognitive functions that might define the pathogenetic mechanism of alcohol's effect on academic performance. The study took six hours and thirty minutes on fasting, involving thirteen male students. Disturbances in cognitive functions, precisely a decrease in the effectiveness of active attention and a faster development of fatigue after four to six hours of mental work in alcohol users, compared to abstainers was statistically proven. These disturbances in alcohol users were retained even after seven to ten days of moderate alcohol use and might be the reason for the low academic performances among students who use alcoholic beverages.
", keywords = "Alcohol, academic performance, pathogenetic mechanism.", volume = "4", number = "9", pages = "421-7", }
