Particle Swarm Optimization Based Interconnected Hydro-Thermal AGC System Considering GRC and TCPS
This paper represents performance of particle swarm
optimisation (PSO) algorithm based integral (I) controller and
proportional-integral controller (PI) for interconnected hydro-thermal
automatic generation control (AGC) with generation rate constraint
(GRC) and Thyristor controlled phase shifter (TCPS) in series with
tie line. The control strategy of TCPS provides active control of
system frequency. Conventional objective function integral square
error (ISE) and another objective function considering square of
derivative of change in frequencies of both areas and change in tie
line power are considered. The aim of designing the objective
function is to suppress oscillation in frequency deviations and change
in tie line power oscillation. The controller parameters are searched
by PSO algorithm by minimising the objective functions. The
dynamic performance of the controllers I and PI, for both the
objective functions, are compared with conventionally optimized I
controller.
[1] Elgerd, O. I.─ Fosha, C.: Optimum megawatt frequency control of multiarea
electric energy systems, IEEE Trans. Power App. System. 89 No. 4
(1970), 556-563.
[2] Cohn, N. : Techniques for improving the control of bulk power transfers
on interconnected systems, IEEE Trans. Power App. System, 90 No. 6
(1971), 2409–2419.
[3] Karnavas, Y. L. ─ Papadopoulos, D. P. : AGC for autonomous power
system using combined intelligent techniques, Inter. Journal Electric
Power System Research, 62 (2002), 225–239.
[4] Reformat, M. ─ Kuffel, E. ─ Woodford, D. ─ Pedrycz, W. : Application
of genetic algorithms for control design in power systems, IEE Proc.,
Gen. Trans. Distr., 145 No. 4 (1998), 345–354.
[5] Hiyama, T.: Design of decentralized load frequency regulators for
interconnected power systems, IEE Proc., Gen. Trans. Distr., 129 No.1
(1982), 17–22.
[6] Moon, Y. H. ─ Ryu, H. S. ─ Lee, J. G. ─Song, K. B. ─ Shin, M. C. :
Extended integral control for load frequency control with the
consideration of generation rate constraints, Inter. Journal Electric
Power Energy System, 24 ( 2002), 263–269.
[7] Malik, O. P ─ Hope. G. S ─Tripathy, S. C ─ Mital N: Decentralized
Suboptimal Load-Frequency Control of a Hydro-Thermal Power System
Using the State Variable Model, Electric Power Systems Research, 8
(1984/1985), 237-247.
[8] Ray, G ─ Prasad, A. N ─ Prasad, G. D: A New Approach to the Design
of Robust Load-Frequency Controller for Large Scale Power Systems,
Electric Power Systems Research 51 (1999), 13-22.
[9] Pan C. T─ Liaw C. M : An Adaptive Controller for Power Load-
Frequency Control, IEEE Trans. Power Systems, 4 No. 1 (1989), 122-
128.
[10] Kothari, M. L. ─ Nanda, J ─ Kothari, D. P ─DAS, D : Discrete-mode
automatic generation control of a two-area reheat thermal system with
new area control error, IEEE Trans. Power Systems, 4 No. 2 ( 1989),
730–738.
[11] Parmar, K. P. S ─ Majhi, S ─ Kothari, D.P : Load frequency control of a
realistic power system with multi-source power generation, Electrical
Power and Energy Systems 42 (2012), 426–433.
[12] Zeynelgi, H. L. ─Demiroren, A. ─ Sengor, N.S: The application of
ANN technique to automatic generation control for multi-area power
system, Electric Power Energy System, 24 No.5 (2002), 345–354.
[13] Chaturvedi, D.K. ─ Satsangi, P.S. ─Kalra, P. K : Load frequency
control: a generalized neural network approach, Electric Power Energy
System, 121 No. 6 (1999), 405–415.
[14] Ghosal, S. P.: Optimization of PID gains by particle swarm optimization
in fuzzy based automatic generation control, Electric Power System
Research, 72 No. 3 (2004) , 203–212.
[15] Talaq J,.A L. ─Basri, F. : Adaptive fuzzy gain scheduling for load
frequency control, IEEE Trans. Power System, 14 No. 1 (1999), 145–
150.
[16] Joseph, R. A. ─Das, D. ─ Patra, A.: AGC of a Hydrothermal System
with Thyristor Controlled Phase Shifter in the Tie-Line, IEEE conf.
2006.
[17] I. W. G. on Power Plant Response to Load Changes : Mw response of
fossil fuelled steam units, IEEE Trans. on Power App. and Systems, 92
No. 2 (Mar/Apr 1973), 455–463
[18] I. P. W. Group. : Hydraulic turbine and turbine control models for
system dynamics, IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, 7 No. 1 (Feb 1992),
167–174.
[19] Pedersen, M.E.H. ---- Chipperfield, A.J.: Simplifying Particle Swarm
Optimization. Applied Soft Computing, Vol. 10, No. 2. (2010), pp.618-
628.
[20] Fan, H.: A modification to particle swarm optimization algorithm,
Engineering Computations. International Journal for Computer-Aided
Engineering 19 (2002) pp.970–989.
[1] Elgerd, O. I.─ Fosha, C.: Optimum megawatt frequency control of multiarea
electric energy systems, IEEE Trans. Power App. System. 89 No. 4
(1970), 556-563.
[2] Cohn, N. : Techniques for improving the control of bulk power transfers
on interconnected systems, IEEE Trans. Power App. System, 90 No. 6
(1971), 2409–2419.
[3] Karnavas, Y. L. ─ Papadopoulos, D. P. : AGC for autonomous power
system using combined intelligent techniques, Inter. Journal Electric
Power System Research, 62 (2002), 225–239.
[4] Reformat, M. ─ Kuffel, E. ─ Woodford, D. ─ Pedrycz, W. : Application
of genetic algorithms for control design in power systems, IEE Proc.,
Gen. Trans. Distr., 145 No. 4 (1998), 345–354.
[5] Hiyama, T.: Design of decentralized load frequency regulators for
interconnected power systems, IEE Proc., Gen. Trans. Distr., 129 No.1
(1982), 17–22.
[6] Moon, Y. H. ─ Ryu, H. S. ─ Lee, J. G. ─Song, K. B. ─ Shin, M. C. :
Extended integral control for load frequency control with the
consideration of generation rate constraints, Inter. Journal Electric
Power Energy System, 24 ( 2002), 263–269.
[7] Malik, O. P ─ Hope. G. S ─Tripathy, S. C ─ Mital N: Decentralized
Suboptimal Load-Frequency Control of a Hydro-Thermal Power System
Using the State Variable Model, Electric Power Systems Research, 8
(1984/1985), 237-247.
[8] Ray, G ─ Prasad, A. N ─ Prasad, G. D: A New Approach to the Design
of Robust Load-Frequency Controller for Large Scale Power Systems,
Electric Power Systems Research 51 (1999), 13-22.
[9] Pan C. T─ Liaw C. M : An Adaptive Controller for Power Load-
Frequency Control, IEEE Trans. Power Systems, 4 No. 1 (1989), 122-
128.
[10] Kothari, M. L. ─ Nanda, J ─ Kothari, D. P ─DAS, D : Discrete-mode
automatic generation control of a two-area reheat thermal system with
new area control error, IEEE Trans. Power Systems, 4 No. 2 ( 1989),
730–738.
[11] Parmar, K. P. S ─ Majhi, S ─ Kothari, D.P : Load frequency control of a
realistic power system with multi-source power generation, Electrical
Power and Energy Systems 42 (2012), 426–433.
[12] Zeynelgi, H. L. ─Demiroren, A. ─ Sengor, N.S: The application of
ANN technique to automatic generation control for multi-area power
system, Electric Power Energy System, 24 No.5 (2002), 345–354.
[13] Chaturvedi, D.K. ─ Satsangi, P.S. ─Kalra, P. K : Load frequency
control: a generalized neural network approach, Electric Power Energy
System, 121 No. 6 (1999), 405–415.
[14] Ghosal, S. P.: Optimization of PID gains by particle swarm optimization
in fuzzy based automatic generation control, Electric Power System
Research, 72 No. 3 (2004) , 203–212.
[15] Talaq J,.A L. ─Basri, F. : Adaptive fuzzy gain scheduling for load
frequency control, IEEE Trans. Power System, 14 No. 1 (1999), 145–
150.
[16] Joseph, R. A. ─Das, D. ─ Patra, A.: AGC of a Hydrothermal System
with Thyristor Controlled Phase Shifter in the Tie-Line, IEEE conf.
2006.
[17] I. W. G. on Power Plant Response to Load Changes : Mw response of
fossil fuelled steam units, IEEE Trans. on Power App. and Systems, 92
No. 2 (Mar/Apr 1973), 455–463
[18] I. P. W. Group. : Hydraulic turbine and turbine control models for
system dynamics, IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, 7 No. 1 (Feb 1992),
167–174.
[19] Pedersen, M.E.H. ---- Chipperfield, A.J.: Simplifying Particle Swarm
Optimization. Applied Soft Computing, Vol. 10, No. 2. (2010), pp.618-
628.
[20] Fan, H.: A modification to particle swarm optimization algorithm,
Engineering Computations. International Journal for Computer-Aided
Engineering 19 (2002) pp.970–989.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:68547", author = "Banaja Mohanty and Prakash Kumar Hota", title = "Particle Swarm Optimization Based Interconnected Hydro-Thermal AGC System Considering GRC and TCPS", abstract = "This paper represents performance of particle swarm
optimisation (PSO) algorithm based integral (I) controller and
proportional-integral controller (PI) for interconnected hydro-thermal
automatic generation control (AGC) with generation rate constraint
(GRC) and Thyristor controlled phase shifter (TCPS) in series with
tie line. The control strategy of TCPS provides active control of
system frequency. Conventional objective function integral square
error (ISE) and another objective function considering square of
derivative of change in frequencies of both areas and change in tie
line power are considered. The aim of designing the objective
function is to suppress oscillation in frequency deviations and change
in tie line power oscillation. The controller parameters are searched
by PSO algorithm by minimising the objective functions. The
dynamic performance of the controllers I and PI, for both the
objective functions, are compared with conventionally optimized I
controller.
", keywords = "Automatic generation control (AGC), Generation
rate constraint (GRC), Thyristor control phase shifter (TCPS),
Particle swarm optimization (PSO).", volume = "8", number = "7", pages = "1195-7", }
