Nurse’s Role in Early Detection of Breast Cancer through Mammography and Genetic Screening and Its Impact on Patient's Outcome
Early detection of breast cancer saves many thousands
of lives each year via application of mammography and genetic
screening and many more lives could be saved if nurses are involved
in breast care screening practices. So, the aim of the study was to
identify nurse's role in early detection of breast cancer through
mammography and genetic screening and its impact on patient's
outcome. In order to achieve this aim, 400 women above 40 years,
asymptomatic were recruited for mammography and genetic
screening. In addition, 50 nurses and 6 technologists were involved in
the study. A descriptive analytical design was used. Five tools were
utilized: sociodemographic, mammographic examination and risk
factors, women's before, during and after mammography, items
relaying to technologists, and items related to nurses were also
obtained. The study finding revealed that 3% of women detected for
malignancy and 7.25% for fibroadenoma. Statistically significant
differences were found between mammography results and age,
family history, genetic screening, exposure to smoke, and using
contraceptive pills. Nurses have insufficient knowledge about
screening tests. Based on these findings the present study
recommended involvement of nurses in breast care which is very
important to in force population about screening practices.
[1] American Cancer Society(ACS), Located in http://www.imaginis.com/
Breasthealth/bc_risks.asp, 2006.
[2] G.P. Gui, R.K. Hogben, G. A. Walsh, R. Hern, and R. Eeles, The
incidence of breast cancer from screening women according to predicted
family history risk: Does annual clinical examination add to
mammography, Eur J Cancer, vol. 37,no.3, p.1668. 2001
[3] B. Bagni, A. Franceschetto, & A. Casolo, Scintimammography with
99mTc-MIBI and magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of
breast cancer, European Journal Nuclear Medicine Mol Imaging,vol.30,
,2003,pp.1383 – 1388
[4] L.Esserman, D. Wolverton, & N. Hylton, Magnetic resonance imaging
for primary breast cancer management: Current role and new
applications, Endocrine Related Cancer, vol.9, pp. 141-153. 2002.
[5] C. Yarbro, International nursing and breast cancer.,Breast Journal,
vol.9, no.13, p. 34. 2003.
[6] U. Bick, An integrated early detection concept in women with a genetic
predisposition for breast cancer. Radiology, August, vol.37, no.8 , 1997.
[7] P. Rubin, & J. William, Clinical oncology A Multidisciplinary approach
for physcians and students , 8th ed. Philadelphia: W.B, 2001.
[8] D. Sutton, P.A. Robinson, J.P.Jenkins, E.R. Davies, J. Murfitt, & R.L
William, The breast: Textbook of radiology and imaging 7th ed. London:
Churchill Livingstone. 2003.
[9] L.W. Bassett, & C.H. Kim, Breast imaging: Mammography and
sonography, MRI Clinic NANM,vol. 9, 2001,pp.251 – 271.
[10] W.H. Vogel, The advanced practice nursing role in a high-risk. Breast
Cancer Clinical, vol.30 no.1, p115. 2003.
[11] A. Ganuly, K. Leady, A.Marshall, R.Dhulipal , L.Godmilow, & J.
Ganauly Genetic testing for breast cancer susceptibility: Frequency of
BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 mutations, Genetic testing vol.1,no.2,pp.85-
90.1997.
[12] N. Loman, G. Johannson, U. Kristoffersson, & H. Ollsson, Family
history of breast and ovarian cancers. Journal of NCI, vol. 16, no.15,
1215 – 1223, 2001.
[13] S. Leslie, P.Deriggi, S. Gross, E.Durant, C. Smith, & J. Veshnesky
Knowledge, attitudes & practice surrounding breast cancer screening in
educated Appalachian women. Oncology Nursing Forum, vol.30,no. 4,
p. 33, 2003.
[14] N. Leslie, Role of the nurse practitioner in breast and cervical cancer
prevention. Cancer Nursing, vol.18,no.4,p. 2511, Aug. 1995.
[15] N. Bjurstam, National screening programme in Sweden. Sixth Europa
Donna pan-European Conference, vol. 8, no. 9, pp.7-8 Nov. 2003.
[16] H. Geweifel, Breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADs), five
years experience in Cairo. Published thesis. Cairo University, Egypt,
2004.
[17] S.Sanjose, M. Leone, V. Berez, A. Izquierdo, R. Font, J. Brunet, T.
Louant, L.Vilardell, J.Borras, P.Viladiu, F.Bosch, G.Lenoir, & O.
Sinilnikova, Prevalence of BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 germline mutations in
young breast cancer patients: A population based study, Int. Journal
Cancer, vol.106,no.4,pp. 588 – 93,2003.
[18] J.K. Itano, & K.N. Taoka, Core curriculum for oncology nursing, 3rd ed.
USA: W.B. Saunders, 1998.
[19] S.Omar, G. Contesso, & H.Khaled, Epidemiology of breast cancer,
Breast Cancer, vol. 4, no. 1,pp. 1-8,2001.
[20] S.L. Rubbin, V. Kumar, R.S. Cortan ,The female genital system and
breast: Rubbins basic pathology,7th ed., Philadelphia, London W.B.
Saunders, Company, 2003.
[21] G.H. Wood, & J.H.Harber, Nursing research: methods, critical appraisal,
and utilization, 5th ed. St. Louis: Mosby, 2002.
[22] A. Linton, & N. Maelius, Introduction to medical surgical nursing 3rd
ed., Philadelphia: Saunders Company, 2003.
[23] H.James, M.Sharon, S. Slender, D. Smith, P. Stewart, & W. Paula, Balck
women's perception of breast cancer and mammography. Journal of
Community Health, vol.17 no.4, pp.191 – 203, 1992.
[24] S.M. Lewis, I.C. Collier, & M.M. Heitkemper, Medical Surgical
nursing: Assessment and management of clinical problems, 4th ed.
St.Louis, Mosby company,1996.
[25] P. Hopwood, Western lifestyle and breast cancer risk. 4th European
breast cancer conference, European Breast Cancer Coalition, 2004.
[26] R. Sattin, G. Rubin, & L. Webster, Family history and risk of cancer
breast. JAMA, vol.253, pp.1908 – 1913,1985.
[27] O. Meirik, E.Lund, & H. Adami, Oral Contraceptive use and breast
cancer in young women. Lancet, vol.2, pp.650 – 653,1986.
[28] H.C. Wilcox, Breast Cancer and gene testing: Risk, rationale and
responsibilities of primary care providers. Breast Cancer Center, Mercy
Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, USA ,Pubmed indexed for
Medline, 1998.
[29] S. Hayley, B. Thompson, B.Heiddis, C. Buck, J. Guevarra, D. Bovbjerg,
C. Avellaneda, K. Brown, & K. Offit, Psychosocial predictors of BRCA
counseling and testing decision among urban African American women.
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention, vol.11 no.2, pp.1579-
1585, 2002.
[30] S. Sanjose, M.Leone, V. Berez, A. Izquierdo, R. Font, J. Brunet, T.
Louant, L. Vilardell, J. Borras, P. Viladiu, F.Bosch, G. Lenoir, &
O.Sinilnikova, Prevalence of BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 germline mutations
in young breast cancer patients: A population based study. Int. Journal
Cancer,vol. 106,no.4,pp. 588 – 93. 2003.
[31] G.B. Mann, and P.I. Borgen, Breast cancer genes and the surgeon.
Journal Surg. Oncol, vol.67no.4, pp. 267 – 74,1998.
[32] K.J. Walker, J. M. Price-Thomas, & W. Candlish, Influence of
Antiestrogen tamoxifen on normal breast tissue. Breast Journal Cancer,
vol.64, pp.764 – 768,1991.
[33] E.L. Rosen, & M.S. Soo, Tissue harmonic imaging sonography of breast
lesion: Improved margin analysis, conspicuity, and image quality
compared to conventional ultrasound, Clinical Imaging, vol.25,no. 6,
p.379,2001.
[34] B. Fisher, J.P. Constantino, & D.L. Wickerham, Tamoxifen for
prevention of breast cancer. Report of the National Surgical Adjuvant
Breast and Bowel Project. Journal of National Cancer Institute, vol.90,
no.18, pp. 1371 – 1388,1998.
[35] W.D. DuPont, & D.L. Page, Risk factors for breast cancer in women
with proliferative breast disease. National English Journal of Medicine,
vol.312, pp. 146 – 151, 1985.
[36] W.H. Vogel, The advanced practice nursing role in a high-risk, Breast
Cancer Clinical, vol.30 no.1, p. 115, 2003.
[37] A. Glaus, Prevention and risk factors: interpreting new data Sixth
Europa Donna pan Europea Conference, vol.8, no.9, pp.16-17,
Nov.2003.
[38] European Code Against Cancer, Lcated in http://.imaginis.
com/breasthealth/earlydetection.asp ,2003.
[39] S.L. Dibble, & S.A. Roberts, Improving cancer screening among
Lesbians over 50: Results of a pilot study. Oncology Nursing Forum,vol.
30 ,no.4,p. 71,2003.
[40] B.C. Anthony, Overcoming obstacles in implementing breast services
locally. 6th European Donna Conference, 2003.
[41] European Breast Cancer Coalition, Located in http://gateway
1,ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi., 2003.
[42] D.Rainsbury, Specialist breast units in the UK, Sixth Europa Donna
Conference. European Breast Cancer Advocacy. Utility for Standard
Equality for All,2003.
[1] American Cancer Society(ACS), Located in http://www.imaginis.com/
Breasthealth/bc_risks.asp, 2006.
[2] G.P. Gui, R.K. Hogben, G. A. Walsh, R. Hern, and R. Eeles, The
incidence of breast cancer from screening women according to predicted
family history risk: Does annual clinical examination add to
mammography, Eur J Cancer, vol. 37,no.3, p.1668. 2001
[3] B. Bagni, A. Franceschetto, & A. Casolo, Scintimammography with
99mTc-MIBI and magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of
breast cancer, European Journal Nuclear Medicine Mol Imaging,vol.30,
,2003,pp.1383 – 1388
[4] L.Esserman, D. Wolverton, & N. Hylton, Magnetic resonance imaging
for primary breast cancer management: Current role and new
applications, Endocrine Related Cancer, vol.9, pp. 141-153. 2002.
[5] C. Yarbro, International nursing and breast cancer.,Breast Journal,
vol.9, no.13, p. 34. 2003.
[6] U. Bick, An integrated early detection concept in women with a genetic
predisposition for breast cancer. Radiology, August, vol.37, no.8 , 1997.
[7] P. Rubin, & J. William, Clinical oncology A Multidisciplinary approach
for physcians and students , 8th ed. Philadelphia: W.B, 2001.
[8] D. Sutton, P.A. Robinson, J.P.Jenkins, E.R. Davies, J. Murfitt, & R.L
William, The breast: Textbook of radiology and imaging 7th ed. London:
Churchill Livingstone. 2003.
[9] L.W. Bassett, & C.H. Kim, Breast imaging: Mammography and
sonography, MRI Clinic NANM,vol. 9, 2001,pp.251 – 271.
[10] W.H. Vogel, The advanced practice nursing role in a high-risk. Breast
Cancer Clinical, vol.30 no.1, p115. 2003.
[11] A. Ganuly, K. Leady, A.Marshall, R.Dhulipal , L.Godmilow, & J.
Ganauly Genetic testing for breast cancer susceptibility: Frequency of
BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 mutations, Genetic testing vol.1,no.2,pp.85-
90.1997.
[12] N. Loman, G. Johannson, U. Kristoffersson, & H. Ollsson, Family
history of breast and ovarian cancers. Journal of NCI, vol. 16, no.15,
1215 – 1223, 2001.
[13] S. Leslie, P.Deriggi, S. Gross, E.Durant, C. Smith, & J. Veshnesky
Knowledge, attitudes & practice surrounding breast cancer screening in
educated Appalachian women. Oncology Nursing Forum, vol.30,no. 4,
p. 33, 2003.
[14] N. Leslie, Role of the nurse practitioner in breast and cervical cancer
prevention. Cancer Nursing, vol.18,no.4,p. 2511, Aug. 1995.
[15] N. Bjurstam, National screening programme in Sweden. Sixth Europa
Donna pan-European Conference, vol. 8, no. 9, pp.7-8 Nov. 2003.
[16] H. Geweifel, Breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADs), five
years experience in Cairo. Published thesis. Cairo University, Egypt,
2004.
[17] S.Sanjose, M. Leone, V. Berez, A. Izquierdo, R. Font, J. Brunet, T.
Louant, L.Vilardell, J.Borras, P.Viladiu, F.Bosch, G.Lenoir, & O.
Sinilnikova, Prevalence of BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 germline mutations in
young breast cancer patients: A population based study, Int. Journal
Cancer, vol.106,no.4,pp. 588 – 93,2003.
[18] J.K. Itano, & K.N. Taoka, Core curriculum for oncology nursing, 3rd ed.
USA: W.B. Saunders, 1998.
[19] S.Omar, G. Contesso, & H.Khaled, Epidemiology of breast cancer,
Breast Cancer, vol. 4, no. 1,pp. 1-8,2001.
[20] S.L. Rubbin, V. Kumar, R.S. Cortan ,The female genital system and
breast: Rubbins basic pathology,7th ed., Philadelphia, London W.B.
Saunders, Company, 2003.
[21] G.H. Wood, & J.H.Harber, Nursing research: methods, critical appraisal,
and utilization, 5th ed. St. Louis: Mosby, 2002.
[22] A. Linton, & N. Maelius, Introduction to medical surgical nursing 3rd
ed., Philadelphia: Saunders Company, 2003.
[23] H.James, M.Sharon, S. Slender, D. Smith, P. Stewart, & W. Paula, Balck
women's perception of breast cancer and mammography. Journal of
Community Health, vol.17 no.4, pp.191 – 203, 1992.
[24] S.M. Lewis, I.C. Collier, & M.M. Heitkemper, Medical Surgical
nursing: Assessment and management of clinical problems, 4th ed.
St.Louis, Mosby company,1996.
[25] P. Hopwood, Western lifestyle and breast cancer risk. 4th European
breast cancer conference, European Breast Cancer Coalition, 2004.
[26] R. Sattin, G. Rubin, & L. Webster, Family history and risk of cancer
breast. JAMA, vol.253, pp.1908 – 1913,1985.
[27] O. Meirik, E.Lund, & H. Adami, Oral Contraceptive use and breast
cancer in young women. Lancet, vol.2, pp.650 – 653,1986.
[28] H.C. Wilcox, Breast Cancer and gene testing: Risk, rationale and
responsibilities of primary care providers. Breast Cancer Center, Mercy
Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, USA ,Pubmed indexed for
Medline, 1998.
[29] S. Hayley, B. Thompson, B.Heiddis, C. Buck, J. Guevarra, D. Bovbjerg,
C. Avellaneda, K. Brown, & K. Offit, Psychosocial predictors of BRCA
counseling and testing decision among urban African American women.
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention, vol.11 no.2, pp.1579-
1585, 2002.
[30] S. Sanjose, M.Leone, V. Berez, A. Izquierdo, R. Font, J. Brunet, T.
Louant, L. Vilardell, J. Borras, P. Viladiu, F.Bosch, G. Lenoir, &
O.Sinilnikova, Prevalence of BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 germline mutations
in young breast cancer patients: A population based study. Int. Journal
Cancer,vol. 106,no.4,pp. 588 – 93. 2003.
[31] G.B. Mann, and P.I. Borgen, Breast cancer genes and the surgeon.
Journal Surg. Oncol, vol.67no.4, pp. 267 – 74,1998.
[32] K.J. Walker, J. M. Price-Thomas, & W. Candlish, Influence of
Antiestrogen tamoxifen on normal breast tissue. Breast Journal Cancer,
vol.64, pp.764 – 768,1991.
[33] E.L. Rosen, & M.S. Soo, Tissue harmonic imaging sonography of breast
lesion: Improved margin analysis, conspicuity, and image quality
compared to conventional ultrasound, Clinical Imaging, vol.25,no. 6,
p.379,2001.
[34] B. Fisher, J.P. Constantino, & D.L. Wickerham, Tamoxifen for
prevention of breast cancer. Report of the National Surgical Adjuvant
Breast and Bowel Project. Journal of National Cancer Institute, vol.90,
no.18, pp. 1371 – 1388,1998.
[35] W.D. DuPont, & D.L. Page, Risk factors for breast cancer in women
with proliferative breast disease. National English Journal of Medicine,
vol.312, pp. 146 – 151, 1985.
[36] W.H. Vogel, The advanced practice nursing role in a high-risk, Breast
Cancer Clinical, vol.30 no.1, p. 115, 2003.
[37] A. Glaus, Prevention and risk factors: interpreting new data Sixth
Europa Donna pan Europea Conference, vol.8, no.9, pp.16-17,
Nov.2003.
[38] European Code Against Cancer, Lcated in http://.imaginis.
com/breasthealth/earlydetection.asp ,2003.
[39] S.L. Dibble, & S.A. Roberts, Improving cancer screening among
Lesbians over 50: Results of a pilot study. Oncology Nursing Forum,vol.
30 ,no.4,p. 71,2003.
[40] B.C. Anthony, Overcoming obstacles in implementing breast services
locally. 6th European Donna Conference, 2003.
[41] European Breast Cancer Coalition, Located in http://gateway
1,ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi., 2003.
[42] D.Rainsbury, Specialist breast units in the UK, Sixth Europa Donna
Conference. European Breast Cancer Advocacy. Utility for Standard
Equality for All,2003.
@article{"International Journal of Medical, Medicine and Health Sciences:69114", author = "Salwa Hagag Abdelaziz and Dorria Salem and Hoda Zaki and Suzan Atteya", title = "Nurse’s Role in Early Detection of Breast Cancer through Mammography and Genetic Screening and Its Impact on Patient's Outcome", abstract = "Early detection of breast cancer saves many thousands
of lives each year via application of mammography and genetic
screening and many more lives could be saved if nurses are involved
in breast care screening practices. So, the aim of the study was to
identify nurse's role in early detection of breast cancer through
mammography and genetic screening and its impact on patient's
outcome. In order to achieve this aim, 400 women above 40 years,
asymptomatic were recruited for mammography and genetic
screening. In addition, 50 nurses and 6 technologists were involved in
the study. A descriptive analytical design was used. Five tools were
utilized: sociodemographic, mammographic examination and risk
factors, women's before, during and after mammography, items
relaying to technologists, and items related to nurses were also
obtained. The study finding revealed that 3% of women detected for
malignancy and 7.25% for fibroadenoma. Statistically significant
differences were found between mammography results and age,
family history, genetic screening, exposure to smoke, and using
contraceptive pills. Nurses have insufficient knowledge about
screening tests. Based on these findings the present study
recommended involvement of nurses in breast care which is very
important to in force population about screening practices.
", keywords = "Early detection, Genetic Screening, Mammography.", volume = "9", number = "2", pages = "155-8", }
