Numerical Modelling of Surface Waves Generated by Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field for Silicon Refinement Process
One of the most perspective methods to produce SoG-Si is refinement via metallurgical route. The most critical part of this route is refinement from boron and phosphorus. Therefore, a new approach could address this problem. We propose an approach of creating surface waves on silicon melt’s surface in order to enlarge its area and accelerate removal of boron via chemical reactions and evaporation of phosphorus. A two dimensional numerical model is created which includes coupling of electromagnetic and fluid dynamic simulations with free surface dynamics. First results show behaviour similar to experimental results from literature.
[1] “U. S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) – Source”: www.eia.gov. Retrieved 2016-06-07.
[2] “GTM Research”: www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/solar-cost-reduction-drivers-in-2017. Retrieved 2016-06-06.
[3] Fu, R., James, T. L., Woodhouse, M.: Measurements of polysilicon for the photovoltaic industry: market competition and manufacturing competitiveness. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, Vol. 5, 2015, No. 2, pp. 515–524.
[4] Sortland, Ø.S.: Boron removal from silicon by steam and hydrogen. PhD Thesis. Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 2015, 268 p.
[5] Sand, U., Yang, H., Eriksson, J-E., Bel Fdhila R.: Numerical and experimental study on fluid dynamic features of combined gas and electromagnetic stirring in ladle furnace. Steel Research International, Vol. 80, 2009, No. 6, pp. 441–449.
[6] Sortland, Ø. S., Tangstad, M.: Boron removal from silicon melts by H2O/H2 gas blowing: mass transfer in gas and melt. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions E. Vol. 1, 2014, No. 3, pp 211–225.
[7] Bojareviċs, A., Beinerts, T., Grants, I., Kaldre, I., Šivars, A., Gerbeth, G., Gelfgat Yu.: Effect of superimposed DC magnetic field on an AC induction semi-levitated molten copper droplet. Magnetohydrodynamics, Vol. 51, 2015, No. 3, pp. 437–444.
[8] Khattak, C.P., Joyce, D.B., Schmid, F.: A simple process to remove boron from metallurgical grade silicon. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 74, 2002, No. 1, pp. 77–89.
[9] Safarian, J., Thang, K., Hildal, K., Tranell, G.: Boron removal from silicon by humidified gases. Metallurgical Transactions E, Vol. 1E, 2014, pp. 41–47.
[10] Nordstrand, E. F., Tangstad, M.: Removal of boron by moist hydrogen gas. Metallurgical Material Transactions B, Vol. 43, 2012, No. 4, pp. 814–822.
[11] Safarian, J., Tangstad, M.: Kinetics and mechanism of phosphorus removal from silicon in vacumm induction refining. High Temperature Material Processing, Vol. 31, 2012, pp. 73–81.
[12] Zheng, S., Safarian, J., Seongho, S., Sungwook, K., Tangstad, M., Luo, X.: Elimination of phosphorus vaporizing from molten silicon at finite reduced pressure. Transactions of nonferrous metals society of China. Metals, vol. 21, 2011, pp. 697–702.
[13] Vencels, J., Jakovics, A., Geza, V., Scepanskis, M.: EOF Library: Open-Source Elmer and OpenFOAM Coupler for Simulation of MHD with Free Surface. XVIII International UIE-Congress “Electrotechnologies for Material Processing”, 2017, pp. 312–317.
[14] Saadi, B., Bojarevics, A., Fautrelle, Y., Etay, J.: Electromagnetic control of mass transfer at liquid/liquid interfaces (in French). Récents Progrè en Génie des Procédés (ISBN 2-910239-66-7), Paris, France, No. 92, 2005.
[15] Fautrelle, Y., Sneyd, A.D.: Surface waves created by low-frequency magnetic fields. Europeand Journal of Mechanics B/Fluids, Vol. 24, 2005. pp. 91–112.
[1] “U. S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) – Source”: www.eia.gov. Retrieved 2016-06-07.
[2] “GTM Research”: www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/solar-cost-reduction-drivers-in-2017. Retrieved 2016-06-06.
[3] Fu, R., James, T. L., Woodhouse, M.: Measurements of polysilicon for the photovoltaic industry: market competition and manufacturing competitiveness. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, Vol. 5, 2015, No. 2, pp. 515–524.
[4] Sortland, Ø.S.: Boron removal from silicon by steam and hydrogen. PhD Thesis. Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 2015, 268 p.
[5] Sand, U., Yang, H., Eriksson, J-E., Bel Fdhila R.: Numerical and experimental study on fluid dynamic features of combined gas and electromagnetic stirring in ladle furnace. Steel Research International, Vol. 80, 2009, No. 6, pp. 441–449.
[6] Sortland, Ø. S., Tangstad, M.: Boron removal from silicon melts by H2O/H2 gas blowing: mass transfer in gas and melt. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions E. Vol. 1, 2014, No. 3, pp 211–225.
[7] Bojareviċs, A., Beinerts, T., Grants, I., Kaldre, I., Šivars, A., Gerbeth, G., Gelfgat Yu.: Effect of superimposed DC magnetic field on an AC induction semi-levitated molten copper droplet. Magnetohydrodynamics, Vol. 51, 2015, No. 3, pp. 437–444.
[8] Khattak, C.P., Joyce, D.B., Schmid, F.: A simple process to remove boron from metallurgical grade silicon. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 74, 2002, No. 1, pp. 77–89.
[9] Safarian, J., Thang, K., Hildal, K., Tranell, G.: Boron removal from silicon by humidified gases. Metallurgical Transactions E, Vol. 1E, 2014, pp. 41–47.
[10] Nordstrand, E. F., Tangstad, M.: Removal of boron by moist hydrogen gas. Metallurgical Material Transactions B, Vol. 43, 2012, No. 4, pp. 814–822.
[11] Safarian, J., Tangstad, M.: Kinetics and mechanism of phosphorus removal from silicon in vacumm induction refining. High Temperature Material Processing, Vol. 31, 2012, pp. 73–81.
[12] Zheng, S., Safarian, J., Seongho, S., Sungwook, K., Tangstad, M., Luo, X.: Elimination of phosphorus vaporizing from molten silicon at finite reduced pressure. Transactions of nonferrous metals society of China. Metals, vol. 21, 2011, pp. 697–702.
[13] Vencels, J., Jakovics, A., Geza, V., Scepanskis, M.: EOF Library: Open-Source Elmer and OpenFOAM Coupler for Simulation of MHD with Free Surface. XVIII International UIE-Congress “Electrotechnologies for Material Processing”, 2017, pp. 312–317.
[14] Saadi, B., Bojarevics, A., Fautrelle, Y., Etay, J.: Electromagnetic control of mass transfer at liquid/liquid interfaces (in French). Récents Progrè en Génie des Procédés (ISBN 2-910239-66-7), Paris, France, No. 92, 2005.
[15] Fautrelle, Y., Sneyd, A.D.: Surface waves created by low-frequency magnetic fields. Europeand Journal of Mechanics B/Fluids, Vol. 24, 2005. pp. 91–112.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:77138", author = "V. Geza and J. Vencels and G. Zageris and S. Pavlovs", title = "Numerical Modelling of Surface Waves Generated by Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field for Silicon Refinement Process", abstract = "One of the most perspective methods to produce SoG-Si is refinement via metallurgical route. The most critical part of this route is refinement from boron and phosphorus. Therefore, a new approach could address this problem. We propose an approach of creating surface waves on silicon melt’s surface in order to enlarge its area and accelerate removal of boron via chemical reactions and evaporation of phosphorus. A two dimensional numerical model is created which includes coupling of electromagnetic and fluid dynamic simulations with free surface dynamics. First results show behaviour similar to experimental results from literature.
", keywords = "Numerical modelling, silicon refinement, surface waves, VOF method.", volume = "12", number = "3", pages = "156-4", }
