Novel Intrinsic Conducting Polymer Current Limiting Device (CLD) for Surge Protection
In the past many uneconomic solutions for limitation
and interruption of short-circuit currents in low power applications
have been introduced, especially polymer switch based on the
positive temperature coefficient of resistance (PCTR) concept.
However there are many limitations in the active material, which
consists of conductive fillers. This paper presents a significantly
improved and simplified approach that replaces the existing current
limiters with faster switching elements. Its elegance lies in the
remarkable simplicity and low-cost processes of producing the device
using polyaniline (PANI) doped with methane-sulfonic acid (MSA).
Samples characterized as lying in the metallic and critical regimes of
metal insulator transition have been studied by means of electrical
performance in the voltage range from 1V to 5 V under different
environmental conditions. Moisture presence is shown to increase the
resistivity and also improved its current limiting performance.
Additionally, the device has also been studied for electrical resistivity
in the temperature range 77 K-300 K. The temperature dependence of
the electrical conductivity gives evidence for a transport mechanism
based on variable range hopping in three dimensions.
<p>[1] Steurer, M., et al., A novel hybrid current-limiting circuit breaker for
medium voltage: principle and test results. Power Delivery, IEEE
Transactions on, 2003. 18(2): p. 460-467.
[2] Friend, R., Materials science: Polymers show they're metal. Nature,
2006. 441(7089): p. 37-37.
[3] Geniès, E.M., et al., Polyaniline: A historical survey. Synthetic Metals,
1990. 36(2): p. 139-182.
[4] Heeger, A.J., Nobel Lecture: Semiconducting and metallic polymers:
The fourth generation of polymeric materials. Reviews of Modern
Physics, 2001. 73(3): p. 681.
[5] Duggal, A.R. and L.M. Levinson, High power switching behavior in
electrically conductive polymer composite materials. Vol. 71. 1997:
AIP. 1939-1941.
100 150 200 250 300
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
R ()
T (K)
[6] Lee, K., et al., Metallic transport in polyaniline. Nature, 2006.
441(7089): p. 65-68.
[7] Huang, W.-S., B.D. Humphrey, and A.G. MacDiarmid, Polyaniline, a
novel conducting polymer. Morphology and chemistry of its oxidation
and reduction in aqueous electrolytes. Journal of the Chemical Society,
Faraday Transactions 1: Physical Chemistry in Condensed Phases, 1986.
82(8): p. 2385-2400.
[8] Kulkarni, V.G., L.D. Campbell, and W.R. Mathew, Thermal stability of
polyaniline. Synthetic Metals, 1989. 30(3): p. 321-325.G. R. Faulhaber,
“Design of service systems with priority reservation,” in Conf. Rec. 1995
IEEE Int. Conf. Communications, pp. 3–8.
[9] Javadi, H.H.S., et al., Conduction mechanism of polyaniline: Effect of
moisture. Synthetic Metals, 1988. 26(1): p. 1-8.
[10] Inzelt, G., Applications of Conducting Polymers, in Conducting
Polymers. 2008, Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 225-263-263.
[11] Janata, J. and M. Josowicz, Conducting polymers in electronic chemical
sensors. Nat Mater, 2003. 2(1): p. 19-24.
[12] Kahol, P.K., A.J. Dyakonov, and B.J. McCormick, An electron-spinresonance
study of polymer interactions with moisture in polyaniline
and its derivatives. Synthetic Metals, 1997. 89(1): p. 17-28.
[13] Nechtschein, M., et al., Water effects in polyaniline: NMR and transport
properties. Synthetic Metals, 1987. 18(1-3): p. 311-316.
[14] Nechtschein, M., et al., Water effects in polyaniline: NMR and transport
properties. Synthetic Metals, 1987. 18(1-3): p. 311-316.
[15] Strumpler, R., G. Maidorn, and J. Rhyner, Fast current limitation by
conducting polymer composites. Journal of Applied Physics, 1997.
81(10): p. 6786-6794.
[16] Skotheim, T.A., R.L. Elsenbaumer, and J.R. Reynolds, Handbook of
Conducting Polymers. 1998: M. Dekker.
[17] Sheng, P., B. Abeles, and Y. Arie, Hopping Conductivity in Granular
Metals. Physical Review Letters, 1973. 31(1): p. 44-47.
[18] Mott, N.F. and G.B. Physicist, Metal-insulator transitions. 1990: Taylor
& Francis London.
[19] Sheng, P., Fluctuation-induced tunneling conduction in disordered
materials. Physical Review B, 1980. 21(6): p. 2180-2195.
[20] Lux, F., Properties of electronically conductive polyaniline: a
comparison between well-known literature data and some recent
experimental findings. Polymer, 1994. 35(14): p. 2915-2936.</p>
<p>[1] Steurer, M., et al., A novel hybrid current-limiting circuit breaker for
medium voltage: principle and test results. Power Delivery, IEEE
Transactions on, 2003. 18(2): p. 460-467.
[2] Friend, R., Materials science: Polymers show they're metal. Nature,
2006. 441(7089): p. 37-37.
[3] Geniès, E.M., et al., Polyaniline: A historical survey. Synthetic Metals,
1990. 36(2): p. 139-182.
[4] Heeger, A.J., Nobel Lecture: Semiconducting and metallic polymers:
The fourth generation of polymeric materials. Reviews of Modern
Physics, 2001. 73(3): p. 681.
[5] Duggal, A.R. and L.M. Levinson, High power switching behavior in
electrically conductive polymer composite materials. Vol. 71. 1997:
AIP. 1939-1941.
100 150 200 250 300
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
R ()
T (K)
[6] Lee, K., et al., Metallic transport in polyaniline. Nature, 2006.
441(7089): p. 65-68.
[7] Huang, W.-S., B.D. Humphrey, and A.G. MacDiarmid, Polyaniline, a
novel conducting polymer. Morphology and chemistry of its oxidation
and reduction in aqueous electrolytes. Journal of the Chemical Society,
Faraday Transactions 1: Physical Chemistry in Condensed Phases, 1986.
82(8): p. 2385-2400.
[8] Kulkarni, V.G., L.D. Campbell, and W.R. Mathew, Thermal stability of
polyaniline. Synthetic Metals, 1989. 30(3): p. 321-325.G. R. Faulhaber,
“Design of service systems with priority reservation,” in Conf. Rec. 1995
IEEE Int. Conf. Communications, pp. 3–8.
[9] Javadi, H.H.S., et al., Conduction mechanism of polyaniline: Effect of
moisture. Synthetic Metals, 1988. 26(1): p. 1-8.
[10] Inzelt, G., Applications of Conducting Polymers, in Conducting
Polymers. 2008, Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 225-263-263.
[11] Janata, J. and M. Josowicz, Conducting polymers in electronic chemical
sensors. Nat Mater, 2003. 2(1): p. 19-24.
[12] Kahol, P.K., A.J. Dyakonov, and B.J. McCormick, An electron-spinresonance
study of polymer interactions with moisture in polyaniline
and its derivatives. Synthetic Metals, 1997. 89(1): p. 17-28.
[13] Nechtschein, M., et al., Water effects in polyaniline: NMR and transport
properties. Synthetic Metals, 1987. 18(1-3): p. 311-316.
[14] Nechtschein, M., et al., Water effects in polyaniline: NMR and transport
properties. Synthetic Metals, 1987. 18(1-3): p. 311-316.
[15] Strumpler, R., G. Maidorn, and J. Rhyner, Fast current limitation by
conducting polymer composites. Journal of Applied Physics, 1997.
81(10): p. 6786-6794.
[16] Skotheim, T.A., R.L. Elsenbaumer, and J.R. Reynolds, Handbook of
Conducting Polymers. 1998: M. Dekker.
[17] Sheng, P., B. Abeles, and Y. Arie, Hopping Conductivity in Granular
Metals. Physical Review Letters, 1973. 31(1): p. 44-47.
[18] Mott, N.F. and G.B. Physicist, Metal-insulator transitions. 1990: Taylor
& Francis London.
[19] Sheng, P., Fluctuation-induced tunneling conduction in disordered
materials. Physical Review B, 1980. 21(6): p. 2180-2195.
[20] Lux, F., Properties of electronically conductive polyaniline: a
comparison between well-known literature data and some recent
experimental findings. Polymer, 1994. 35(14): p. 2915-2936.</p>
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:51603", author = "Noor H Jabarullah", title = "Novel Intrinsic Conducting Polymer Current Limiting Device (CLD) for Surge Protection", abstract = "In the past many uneconomic solutions for limitation
and interruption of short-circuit currents in low power applications
have been introduced, especially polymer switch based on the
positive temperature coefficient of resistance (PCTR) concept.
However there are many limitations in the active material, which
consists of conductive fillers. This paper presents a significantly
improved and simplified approach that replaces the existing current
limiters with faster switching elements. Its elegance lies in the
remarkable simplicity and low-cost processes of producing the device
using polyaniline (PANI) doped with methane-sulfonic acid (MSA).
Samples characterized as lying in the metallic and critical regimes of
metal insulator transition have been studied by means of electrical
performance in the voltage range from 1V to 5 V under different
environmental conditions. Moisture presence is shown to increase the
resistivity and also improved its current limiting performance.
Additionally, the device has also been studied for electrical resistivity
in the temperature range 77 K-300 K. The temperature dependence of
the electrical conductivity gives evidence for a transport mechanism
based on variable range hopping in three dimensions.
", keywords = "Conducting polymer, current limiter, intrinsic,
moisture dependence, polyaniline, resettable, surge protection.", volume = "7", number = "9", pages = "655-4", }
