Mucosal- Submucosal Changes in Rabbit Duodenum during Development
The sequential morphologic changes of rabbit duodenal mucosa-submucosa were studied from primodial stage to birth in 15 fetuses and during the early days of life in 21 rabbit newborns till maturity using light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Fetal rabbit duodenum develops from a simple tube of stratified epithelium to a tube containing villus and intervillus regions of simple columnar epithelium. By day 21 of gestation, the first rudimentary villi were appeared and by day 24 the first true villi were appeared. The Crypts of Lieberkuhn did not appear until birth. By the first day of postnatal life the duodenal glands appeared. The histological maturity of the rabbit small intestine occurred one month after birth. In conclusion, at all stages, the sequential morphologic changes of the rabbit small intestine developed to meet the structural and physiological demands during the fetal stage to be prepared to extra uterine life.
[1] Trier.; Jerry, S. and Moxey Pamela Colony (1979): Morphogenesis of
the Small Intestine during Fetal Development. Ciba Foundation
Symposium 70 - Development of Mammalian Absorptive Processes.
Chapter 2, 3-29.
[2] Sunshine, P.; Herbest, J.J. and Koldovsky, O. et al. (1971): Adaptation
of the gastrointestinal tract to extrauterine life. Ann NY Acad Sci
176:16-29.
[3] Deren, J.J.; Strauss, E.W., Wilson, T.H. (1965): The development of
structure and transport systems of the fetal rabbit intestine. Dev Biol
12:467-486.
[4] Toofanian, F.; Hill, F.W.G. and Kidder, D.E. (1974): The development
of the intestine disaccharidase activities in the fetal and newborn calf.
Res Vet Sci 16:375-381.
[5] Cunningham, J. G. & B. G. Klein, 2007. Textbook of Veterinary
Physiology, 4th edn, Elsevier Health Sciences
[6] Crescenzi, A., Barsotti, P., Anemona, L. and Marinozzi, V. (1988):
Carbohydrate histochemistry of human Brunner's glands. Histochem.,
90:47-49.
[7] Krause, W. J. (2000): Brunner's glands: A structural, histochemical and
pathological profile. Progr. Histochm Cytochem, 35:255-367.
[8] Takehana, K., Abe, M., Iwasa, K. and Hiraga, T. (1989): Histochemistry
of complex carbohydrates in the horse duodenal gland. Jap. J. Vet. Sci.,
51:909-916.
[9] Takehana, K., Masty, J., Abe, M. and Yamaguchi, M. (1991 a):
Duodenal glands of the pony. (Equus caballus). Anat. Hostol. Embryol,
20:1-9.
[10] Takehana, K. Ueda Eerdunchaoluo, H., Kobayashi, A., Iwasa, K. and
Sou, K. (2000): A histichemical study of the camel (Camelus bactrianus)
duodenal glands. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 62:449-452.
[11] Verdiglione, R., Mammola, C.L. and Filotto, U. (2002): Glycoconjugate
histochemistry of bovine Brunner's glands. Ann. Anat., 184:61-69.
[12] Bancroft, J.D. and Gamble, M. (2008): Theory and practice of
histological techniques. Sixth edition.
[13] McDowell, E. and Trump, B. (1976): Histological fixatives for
diagnostic light and electron microscopy. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med.
100:405-414.
[14] Hayat, M., (1986): Basic Techniques for transmission electron
microscopy. 2nd Ed, Academic Press, Baltimore.
[15] O'Connor, T.M. (1966): Cell dynamics in the intestine of the mouse
from late fetal life to maturity. Am. J. Anat., 118:525-536.
[16] Lev, R., Siegel, H.I. and Bartman, J. (1972): Histochemical studies of
developing human fetal small intestine. Histochem.,29:103-119.
[17] Toofanian, F. (1976a): Histological observations on the developing
intestine of the bovine fetus. Res. Vet. Sci., 21:36-40.
[18] Toofanian, F. (1976b): Histological development of the small intestinal
mucosa in the ovine fetus. Res. Vet. Sci., 21:349-353
[19] Toofanian, F. and Targowski, S. P. (1982): Morphogenesis of rabbit
small intestinal mucosa. Am. J. Vet. Res., 43:2213-2217.
[20] Sbarbati, R. (1982): Morphogenesis of the intestinal villi of the mouse
embryo: chance and spatial necessity. J. Anat. 135:477-499.
[21] Hilton, W. A. (1902): The morphology and development of intestinal
folds and villi in vertebrates. Am. J. Anat . 1:459-504.
[22] Kammeraad, A. (1942): The development of the gastro-intestinal tract of
the rat. I. Histogenesis of the epithelium of the stomach, small intestine
and paancreas. J. Morphol.,70: 323-352.
[23] Coulombre, A.J. and Coulombre, J.L. (1958): Intestinal development. I.
Morphogenesis of the villi and musculature. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol.
6:403-411.
[24] Burgess, D. (1975): Morphogenesis of intestinal villi. Mechanism of
formation of previllous ridges. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol., 34:723-740.
[25] Grey. and Robert, D. (1972): Morphogenesis of intestinal villi. I.
Scanning electron microscopy of the duodenal epithelium of the
developing chick embryo. J. Morph, 137, 193-213.
[26] Deren, J.J. (1968): Development of intestinal structure and function, in
Code CF(ed): Handbook of physiology. Washington DC, American
Physiological Society., 1099-1123.
[27] Krause, W. J. and Leeson, C. R. (1967): The origin, development and
differentiation of Brunner's glands in the rat. J. Anat., 101:309-320.
[28] Tsai, L. J. and Overton, J. (1976): The relation between villus formation
and the pattern of extracellular fibers as seen by scanning microscopy.
Dev. Biol., 52:61-73.
[29] Nakamura, K. and Komuro, T. (1983): A three-dimentional study of the
embryonic development and postnatal maturation of rat duodenal villi. J.
Electron. Microsc, 32:338-347.
[30] Mellor, D.J., Xu, R.J., Tungthanathanich, P., Birtles, M.J., Reynolds,
G.W. and Simpson, H.V. (1992): Growth and morphological changes in
the small intestine in piglets during the first three days after birth. J.
Dev. Physiol. 18: 161-172.
[31] Marion, J., Rome', V., Savary, G., Thomas, F., Le Dividich, J. and Le
Huerou-Luron, I. (2003): Weaning and feed intake alter pancreatic
enzyme activities and corresponding mRNA Levels in 7-d-old piglets. J.
Nutr., 133: 362-368.
[32] Leblond, C. P. and Messier, B. (1958): Renewal of chief cells and goblet
cells in the small intestine as shown by radioautography after injection
of thymidin-H3 into mice. Anat. Rec.132:247-259.]
[33] Creamer, B., Shorter, R. G. and Bamforth, J. (1961a): The turenover and
shedding of epithelial cells. I. The turnover in the gastrointestinal tract.
Gut 2:110-116.
[34] Creamer, B., Shorter, R. G. and Bamforth, J. (1961b): The turenover and
shedding of epithelial cells. II. The shedding in the small intestine. Gut
2: 117-118.
[35] Cheng, H. and Leblond, C. P. (1974): Origin, differentiation and
renewal of the four main epithelial cell types in the mouse small
intestine. I. Columnar cell. III. Enteroendocrine cells. Amer. J. Anat.,
141:461-480, 503-520.
[36] Johnson, F. P. (1910): The development of the mucous membrane of
esophagus, stomach, and small intestine in the human embryo. Am. J.
Anat., 10:521-56.
[37] Spicer, S.S. and Schulte, B.A. (1992): Diversity of cell glycoconjugates
shown histochemically: a percpective. J Histochem Cytochem 40: 1-38.
[38] Ergun, E., Ergun, L., Ozen, A., Kurum, A. and Bayrakataroglu, A.G.
(2010): Histomorphology of the Brunner's glands in the Angora rabbit. J
Anim Vet.9:887-891.
[39] Colony, P.C. and Specian, R.D. (1987): Endocytosis and vesicular
traffic in fetal and adult colonic goblet cells. Anat. Rec., 218, 365-372.
[40] Troughton, W. D. and J. S. Trier (1969): Paneth and Goblet cell renewal
in mouse duodenal crypts. J. Cell. Biol., 41: 251-268.
[41] Kataoka, K. (1970): The fine structure of the proliferative cells of the
mouse intestine as revealed by electron microscopic autoradiography
with 3H-thymidine. Z. Zellforsch.103: 170-178.
[42] Kurosumi, K., Shibuichi, I. and Tosaka, H. (1981): Transition between
columnar absorptive cells andgoblet cells in the rat jejunal epithelium.
Arch. histol. jap., 44: 405-427.
[43] Brown, W. R., Isobe, Y. and Nakane, P. K. (1976): Studies on
translocation of immunoglobulins across intestinal epithelium. II.
Immunoelectron-microscopic localization of immunoglobulins and
secretory component in human intestinal mucosa. Gastroenterol., 71:
985-995.
[44] Bonneville, M. A. and Weinstock, M. (1970): Brush border development
in the intestinal absorptive cells of Xenopus during metamorphosis. J.
Cell. Biol., 44:151-171.
[45] Laster, L. and Ingelfinger, F. J. (1961): Intestinal absorption--aspects of
structure, function and disease of the small-intestine mucosa. N. Engl. J.
Med. 1; 264-1138.
[46] Padykula, H. A. (1962): Recent functional interpretations of intestinal
morphology. Federation Proceedings 21, 873-879.
[47] Takehana, K., Abe, M., Iwasa, K., Hiraga, T. and Miyata, H. (1991b):
Carbohydrate histochemistry of bovine duodenal glands. J. Vet. Med.
Sci., 53:699-706.
[48] Friend, D. S. (1965): The fine structure of Brunner's glands in the
mouse. J. Cell. Biol., 25, 563-576.
[49] Moe, H. (1960): The ultrastructure of Brunner-s glands of the cat. J.
Ultrastruct. Res., 4: 58-72.
[50] Odduor-Okelo, D. (1976): Histochemistry of the duodenal glands of cat
and horse. Acta. Anat., 94:449-456.
[51] Pfeiffer, C. J. and Dabareiner, R. M. (1992): Ultrastructure of Brunner's
glands in the horse. J. Submicrosc Cytol. Pathol., 24:581-588.
[52] Cochrane, W., Davies, D. V. Palfrey, A. J. and Stockwell, R. A. (1964):
The histochemistry and electronniicroscopy of Brunner-s glands in the
guinea-pig. J. Anat., 98: 1-10.
[53] Krause, W. J. (1981): Morphological and histochemical observations on
the duodenal glands of eight wild ungulate species native to North
America. Am. J. Anat., 162:167-181.
[54] Leeson, C. R. and Leeson, T. S. (1967): The fine structure of Brunner's
glands in the rabbit. Anatomical Record 159, 409-420.
[1] Trier.; Jerry, S. and Moxey Pamela Colony (1979): Morphogenesis of
the Small Intestine during Fetal Development. Ciba Foundation
Symposium 70 - Development of Mammalian Absorptive Processes.
Chapter 2, 3-29.
[2] Sunshine, P.; Herbest, J.J. and Koldovsky, O. et al. (1971): Adaptation
of the gastrointestinal tract to extrauterine life. Ann NY Acad Sci
176:16-29.
[3] Deren, J.J.; Strauss, E.W., Wilson, T.H. (1965): The development of
structure and transport systems of the fetal rabbit intestine. Dev Biol
12:467-486.
[4] Toofanian, F.; Hill, F.W.G. and Kidder, D.E. (1974): The development
of the intestine disaccharidase activities in the fetal and newborn calf.
Res Vet Sci 16:375-381.
[5] Cunningham, J. G. & B. G. Klein, 2007. Textbook of Veterinary
Physiology, 4th edn, Elsevier Health Sciences
[6] Crescenzi, A., Barsotti, P., Anemona, L. and Marinozzi, V. (1988):
Carbohydrate histochemistry of human Brunner's glands. Histochem.,
90:47-49.
[7] Krause, W. J. (2000): Brunner's glands: A structural, histochemical and
pathological profile. Progr. Histochm Cytochem, 35:255-367.
[8] Takehana, K., Abe, M., Iwasa, K. and Hiraga, T. (1989): Histochemistry
of complex carbohydrates in the horse duodenal gland. Jap. J. Vet. Sci.,
51:909-916.
[9] Takehana, K., Masty, J., Abe, M. and Yamaguchi, M. (1991 a):
Duodenal glands of the pony. (Equus caballus). Anat. Hostol. Embryol,
20:1-9.
[10] Takehana, K. Ueda Eerdunchaoluo, H., Kobayashi, A., Iwasa, K. and
Sou, K. (2000): A histichemical study of the camel (Camelus bactrianus)
duodenal glands. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 62:449-452.
[11] Verdiglione, R., Mammola, C.L. and Filotto, U. (2002): Glycoconjugate
histochemistry of bovine Brunner's glands. Ann. Anat., 184:61-69.
[12] Bancroft, J.D. and Gamble, M. (2008): Theory and practice of
histological techniques. Sixth edition.
[13] McDowell, E. and Trump, B. (1976): Histological fixatives for
diagnostic light and electron microscopy. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med.
100:405-414.
[14] Hayat, M., (1986): Basic Techniques for transmission electron
microscopy. 2nd Ed, Academic Press, Baltimore.
[15] O'Connor, T.M. (1966): Cell dynamics in the intestine of the mouse
from late fetal life to maturity. Am. J. Anat., 118:525-536.
[16] Lev, R., Siegel, H.I. and Bartman, J. (1972): Histochemical studies of
developing human fetal small intestine. Histochem.,29:103-119.
[17] Toofanian, F. (1976a): Histological observations on the developing
intestine of the bovine fetus. Res. Vet. Sci., 21:36-40.
[18] Toofanian, F. (1976b): Histological development of the small intestinal
mucosa in the ovine fetus. Res. Vet. Sci., 21:349-353
[19] Toofanian, F. and Targowski, S. P. (1982): Morphogenesis of rabbit
small intestinal mucosa. Am. J. Vet. Res., 43:2213-2217.
[20] Sbarbati, R. (1982): Morphogenesis of the intestinal villi of the mouse
embryo: chance and spatial necessity. J. Anat. 135:477-499.
[21] Hilton, W. A. (1902): The morphology and development of intestinal
folds and villi in vertebrates. Am. J. Anat . 1:459-504.
[22] Kammeraad, A. (1942): The development of the gastro-intestinal tract of
the rat. I. Histogenesis of the epithelium of the stomach, small intestine
and paancreas. J. Morphol.,70: 323-352.
[23] Coulombre, A.J. and Coulombre, J.L. (1958): Intestinal development. I.
Morphogenesis of the villi and musculature. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol.
6:403-411.
[24] Burgess, D. (1975): Morphogenesis of intestinal villi. Mechanism of
formation of previllous ridges. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol., 34:723-740.
[25] Grey. and Robert, D. (1972): Morphogenesis of intestinal villi. I.
Scanning electron microscopy of the duodenal epithelium of the
developing chick embryo. J. Morph, 137, 193-213.
[26] Deren, J.J. (1968): Development of intestinal structure and function, in
Code CF(ed): Handbook of physiology. Washington DC, American
Physiological Society., 1099-1123.
[27] Krause, W. J. and Leeson, C. R. (1967): The origin, development and
differentiation of Brunner's glands in the rat. J. Anat., 101:309-320.
[28] Tsai, L. J. and Overton, J. (1976): The relation between villus formation
and the pattern of extracellular fibers as seen by scanning microscopy.
Dev. Biol., 52:61-73.
[29] Nakamura, K. and Komuro, T. (1983): A three-dimentional study of the
embryonic development and postnatal maturation of rat duodenal villi. J.
Electron. Microsc, 32:338-347.
[30] Mellor, D.J., Xu, R.J., Tungthanathanich, P., Birtles, M.J., Reynolds,
G.W. and Simpson, H.V. (1992): Growth and morphological changes in
the small intestine in piglets during the first three days after birth. J.
Dev. Physiol. 18: 161-172.
[31] Marion, J., Rome', V., Savary, G., Thomas, F., Le Dividich, J. and Le
Huerou-Luron, I. (2003): Weaning and feed intake alter pancreatic
enzyme activities and corresponding mRNA Levels in 7-d-old piglets. J.
Nutr., 133: 362-368.
[32] Leblond, C. P. and Messier, B. (1958): Renewal of chief cells and goblet
cells in the small intestine as shown by radioautography after injection
of thymidin-H3 into mice. Anat. Rec.132:247-259.]
[33] Creamer, B., Shorter, R. G. and Bamforth, J. (1961a): The turenover and
shedding of epithelial cells. I. The turnover in the gastrointestinal tract.
Gut 2:110-116.
[34] Creamer, B., Shorter, R. G. and Bamforth, J. (1961b): The turenover and
shedding of epithelial cells. II. The shedding in the small intestine. Gut
2: 117-118.
[35] Cheng, H. and Leblond, C. P. (1974): Origin, differentiation and
renewal of the four main epithelial cell types in the mouse small
intestine. I. Columnar cell. III. Enteroendocrine cells. Amer. J. Anat.,
141:461-480, 503-520.
[36] Johnson, F. P. (1910): The development of the mucous membrane of
esophagus, stomach, and small intestine in the human embryo. Am. J.
Anat., 10:521-56.
[37] Spicer, S.S. and Schulte, B.A. (1992): Diversity of cell glycoconjugates
shown histochemically: a percpective. J Histochem Cytochem 40: 1-38.
[38] Ergun, E., Ergun, L., Ozen, A., Kurum, A. and Bayrakataroglu, A.G.
(2010): Histomorphology of the Brunner's glands in the Angora rabbit. J
Anim Vet.9:887-891.
[39] Colony, P.C. and Specian, R.D. (1987): Endocytosis and vesicular
traffic in fetal and adult colonic goblet cells. Anat. Rec., 218, 365-372.
[40] Troughton, W. D. and J. S. Trier (1969): Paneth and Goblet cell renewal
in mouse duodenal crypts. J. Cell. Biol., 41: 251-268.
[41] Kataoka, K. (1970): The fine structure of the proliferative cells of the
mouse intestine as revealed by electron microscopic autoradiography
with 3H-thymidine. Z. Zellforsch.103: 170-178.
[42] Kurosumi, K., Shibuichi, I. and Tosaka, H. (1981): Transition between
columnar absorptive cells andgoblet cells in the rat jejunal epithelium.
Arch. histol. jap., 44: 405-427.
[43] Brown, W. R., Isobe, Y. and Nakane, P. K. (1976): Studies on
translocation of immunoglobulins across intestinal epithelium. II.
Immunoelectron-microscopic localization of immunoglobulins and
secretory component in human intestinal mucosa. Gastroenterol., 71:
985-995.
[44] Bonneville, M. A. and Weinstock, M. (1970): Brush border development
in the intestinal absorptive cells of Xenopus during metamorphosis. J.
Cell. Biol., 44:151-171.
[45] Laster, L. and Ingelfinger, F. J. (1961): Intestinal absorption--aspects of
structure, function and disease of the small-intestine mucosa. N. Engl. J.
Med. 1; 264-1138.
[46] Padykula, H. A. (1962): Recent functional interpretations of intestinal
morphology. Federation Proceedings 21, 873-879.
[47] Takehana, K., Abe, M., Iwasa, K., Hiraga, T. and Miyata, H. (1991b):
Carbohydrate histochemistry of bovine duodenal glands. J. Vet. Med.
Sci., 53:699-706.
[48] Friend, D. S. (1965): The fine structure of Brunner's glands in the
mouse. J. Cell. Biol., 25, 563-576.
[49] Moe, H. (1960): The ultrastructure of Brunner-s glands of the cat. J.
Ultrastruct. Res., 4: 58-72.
[50] Odduor-Okelo, D. (1976): Histochemistry of the duodenal glands of cat
and horse. Acta. Anat., 94:449-456.
[51] Pfeiffer, C. J. and Dabareiner, R. M. (1992): Ultrastructure of Brunner's
glands in the horse. J. Submicrosc Cytol. Pathol., 24:581-588.
[52] Cochrane, W., Davies, D. V. Palfrey, A. J. and Stockwell, R. A. (1964):
The histochemistry and electronniicroscopy of Brunner-s glands in the
guinea-pig. J. Anat., 98: 1-10.
[53] Krause, W. J. (1981): Morphological and histochemical observations on
the duodenal glands of eight wild ungulate species native to North
America. Am. J. Anat., 162:167-181.
[54] Leeson, C. R. and Leeson, T. S. (1967): The fine structure of Brunner's
glands in the rabbit. Anatomical Record 159, 409-420.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:63529", author = "Elnasharty M. A. and Abou-Ghanema I. I. and Sayed-Ahmed A. and A. Abo Elnour", title = "Mucosal- Submucosal Changes in Rabbit Duodenum during Development", abstract = "The sequential morphologic changes of rabbit duodenal mucosa-submucosa were studied from primodial stage to birth in 15 fetuses and during the early days of life in 21 rabbit newborns till maturity using light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Fetal rabbit duodenum develops from a simple tube of stratified epithelium to a tube containing villus and intervillus regions of simple columnar epithelium. By day 21 of gestation, the first rudimentary villi were appeared and by day 24 the first true villi were appeared. The Crypts of Lieberkuhn did not appear until birth. By the first day of postnatal life the duodenal glands appeared. The histological maturity of the rabbit small intestine occurred one month after birth. In conclusion, at all stages, the sequential morphologic changes of the rabbit small intestine developed to meet the structural and physiological demands during the fetal stage to be prepared to extra uterine life.
", keywords = "Duodenum, mucosa, submucosa, morphogenesis,rabbit.", volume = "7", number = "4", pages = "276-9", }
