Molecular Characterization of Free Radicals Decomposing Genes on Plant Developmental Stages
Biochemical and molecular analysis of some
antioxidant enzyme genes revealed different level of gene expression
on oilseed (Brassica napus). For molecular and biochemical
analysis, leaf tissues were harvested from plants at eight different
developmental stages, from young to senescence. The levels of total
protein and chlorophyll were increased during maturity stages of
plant, while these were decreased during the last stages of plant
growth. Structural analysis (nucleotide and deduced amino acid
sequence, and phylogenic tree) of a complementary DNA revealed a
high level of similarity for a family of Catalase genes. The
expression of the gene encoded by different Catalase isoforms was
assessed during different plant growth phase. No significant
difference between samples was observed, when Catalase activity
was statistically analyzed at different developmental stages. EST
analysis exhibited different transcripts levels for a number of other
relevant antioxidant genes (different isoforms of SOD and
glutathione). The high level of transcription of these genes at
senescence stages was indicated that these genes are senescenceinduced
genes.
[1] M. Abler, and J. G. Scandalios. "Isolation and characterization of a
genomic sequence encoding the maize Cat3 catalase gene," Plant
Molecular Biology 22: (6) 1031-1038, 1993.
[2] A. Ádám, G. S. Bestwick, B. Barna, and J. W. Mansfield. "Enzymes
regulating the accumulation of active oxygen species during the
hypersensitive reaction of bean to pseudomonas-syringae pv
phaseolicola," Planta 197: 240-249, 1995.
[3] H. Aebi. "Catalase in vitro," Methods in Enzymology 105: 121-126,
1984.
[4] C. Ainsworth, J. Beynon, and V. Buchanan-Wollaston. "Techniques in
plant molecular biology (The practical mannual)," Wye college,
University of London, 1995.
[5] C. Bailly, F. Corbineau, and W. G. van Doorn. "Free radical scavenging
and senescence in Iris tepals," Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 39:
649-656, 2001.
[6] M. Bradford. "A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of
micrograms quantities of protein utilising the principle of protein-dye
binding," Annals of Biochemistry 72: 248-254, 1976.
[7] V. Buchanan-Wollaston, and C. Ainsworth. "Leaf senescence in
Brassica napus: Cloning of senescence related genes by subtractive
hybridization," Plant Molecular Biology 33: 821-834, 1997.
[8] V. Buchanan-Wollaston. "Isolation of cDNA clones for genes that are
expressed during leaf senescence in Brassica napus," Plant Physiology
105: 839-46, 1994.
[9] V. Buchanan-Wollaston. "The molecular biology of leaf senescence,"
Journal of Experimental Botany 48: 181-199, 1997.
[10] C. Chevalier, J. Yamaguchi, and P. Mccourt. "Nucleotide sequence of a
cDNA for catalase from Arabidopsis thaliana," Plant Physiology 99:
1726-1728, 1992.
[11] M. Dalal; and K. R. Chopra. "Differential response of antioxidant
enzymes in leaves of necrotic wheat hybrids and their parents,"
Physiologia Plantarum 111: 297-304, 2001.
[12] L. De Kok, and I. Stulen. "Role of glutathione in plants under oxidative
stress. In LJ De Kok, I Stulen, H Rennenberg, C Brunold, WE Rauser,
(eds), Sulfur nutrition and assimilation in higher plants: regulatory
agricultural and environmental aspects. SPB Academic Publishing, the
Hague, The Netherlands," PP. 125-138, 1993.
[13] T. Demiral, and I. T├╝rkan. "Comparative lipid peroxidation, antioxidant
defense systems and proline content in roots of two rice cultivars
differing in salt tolerance," Environmental and Experimental Botany 53:
247-257, 2005.
[14] M. Esaka, N. Yamada, M. Kitabayashi, Y. Setoguchi, R. Tsugeki, M.
Kondo, and M. Nishimura. "cDNA cloning and differential gene
expression of three catalases in pumpkin," Plant Molecular Biology 33:
141-155, 1997.
[15] M. Esaka. "Cat2-Pumpkin, Direct submission to the
DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases," Hiroshima University, Faculty of
Applied Biological Science, Kagamiyama 1-4-4, Higashi-Hiroshima,
739, Japan, 1995a.
[16] M. Esaka. "Cat3-Pumpkin, Direct submission to the
DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases," Hiroshima University, Faculty of
Applied Biological Science, Kagamiyama 1-4-4, Higashi-Hiroshima,
739, Japan, 1995b.
[17] J. Frugoli, M. A. McPeek, T. L. Thomas, and C. R. McClung. "Intron
loss and gain during evolution of the catalase gene family in
Angiosperms," Genetics 149: (1) 355-365, 1998.
[18] J. Frugoli, H. H. Zhong, M. L. Nuccio, P. McCourt, M. A. McPeek, T.
L. Thomas, and C. R. McClung. "Catalase is encoded by a multigene
family in Arabidopsis thaliana (L) Heynh," Plant Physiology 112: (1)
327-336, 1996.
[19] L. Guan, S. Ruzsa, R. W. Skadsen, and J. G. Scandalios. "Comparison of
the Cat2 complementary -DNA sequences of a normal catalase activity
line (w64a) and a high catalase activity line (R6- 67) of maize," Plant
Physiology 96: (4) 1379-1381, 1991.
[20] R. Haddad, K. Morris K and V. Buchanan-Wollaston. "Expression
analysis of genes related to oxidative protection during senescence in
Brassica napus," Iranian Journal of biotechnology 2(4): 269-278, 2004.
[21] R. Haddad, K. Morris, and V. Buchanan-Wollaston. "Characterisation
and functional analysis of senescence-enhanced genes in Brassica napus
and Arabidopsis thaliana," PhD Thesis, Wye College, University of
London, 1999.
[22] C. Hill, S. A. Pearson, A. J. Smith, and L. J. Rogers. "Inhibition of
chlorophyll synthesis in Hordeum vulgare by 2,3 dihydrobenzoic acid
(gabaculin)," Bioscience Reports 5: 775-781,
[23] S. Jebara, M. Jebara, F. Limam, and M. E. Aouani. "Changes in
ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and superoxide
dismutase activities in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) nodules under
salt stress," Journal of Plant Physiology 162: (8) 929-936, 2005.
[24] S. Jung. "Effect of chlorophyll reduction in Arabidopsis thaliana by
methyl jasmonate or norflurazon on antioxidant systems," Plant
Physiology and Biochemistry 42: (3) 225-231, 2004.
[25] J. S. Kim, B. W. Yun, J. S. Choi, T. J. Kim, S. S. Kwak, and K. Y. Cho.
"Death mechanisms caused by carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitors in
green and in undeveloped plant tissues," Pesticide Biochemistry and
Physiology 78: 127-139, 2004.
[26] B. Lewin. "Gene VI," Oxford University Press and Cell Press, 1997.
[27] O. Loew. "Catalase: A new enzyme of general occurrence," Government
printing office, Washington, DC, 1901.
[28] S. Lortz, and M. Tiedge. "Sequential inactivation of reactive oxygen
species by combined overexpression of SOD isoforms and catalase in
insulin-producing cells," Free Radical Biology and Medicine 34: 683-
688, 2003.
[29] H. Luck. "Catalase. In: Bergmeyer HU (ed.): Methods for enzymatic
analysis," Academic Press, NY, PP. 885-894, 1965.
[30] H. Nam. "The molecular genetic analysis of leaf senescence," Current
Opinion in Biotechnology 8: (2) 200-207, 1997.
[31] A. S. Nandwal, S. Kukreja, N. Kumar, P. K. Sharma, M. Jain, A. Mann,
and S. Singh. "Plant water status, ethylene evolution, N2-fixing
efficiency, antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation in Cicer arietinum
L. nodules as affected by short-term salinization and desalinization,"
Journal of Plant Physiology 164: (9) 1161-1169, 2007.
[32] K. Ogawa, S. Kanematsu, and K. Asada. "Generation of superoxide
anion and localization of Cu,Zn- superoxide dismutase in the vascular
tissue of spinach hypocotyls: Their association with lignification," Plant
and Cell Physiology 38: 1118-1126, 1997.
[33] A. K. Parida, A. B. Das, and P. Mohanty. "Defense potentials to NaCl in
a mangrove, Bruguiera parviflora: Differential changes of isoforms of
some antioxidative enzymes," Journal of Plant Physiology 161: 531-542,
2004.
[34] M. Redinbaugh, G. J. Wadsworth, and J. G. Scandalios.
"Characterization of catalase transcripts and their differential expression
in maize," Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 951: (1) 104-116, 1988.
[35] S. Reid S, and G. S. Ross. "Up-regulation of two cDNA clones encoding
metallothionein-like proteins in apple fruit during cool storage,"
Physiologia Plantarum 100: (1) 183-189, 1997.
[36] J. Scandalios. "The antioxidant enzyme genes Cat and SOD of maize -
regulation, functional-significance, and molecular-biology," Isozymes-
Current Topics in Biological and Medical Research 14: 19-44, 1987.
[37] J. Sumner, and A. L. Dounce. "Crystalline catalase," Journal of
Biological Chemistry 121: 417-424, 1937.
[38] R. Trelease. "Cotton Catalase, Direct submission to the
DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases," Arizona State University,
Department of Botany, Temp. Arizona 85287-1601, USA, 1990.
[39] H. Willekens, R. Villarroel, M. Vanmontagu, D. Inze, and W. Vancamp.
"Molecular-identification of catalases from Nicotiana- plumbaginifolia
(L)," Febs Letters 352: 79-83, 1994.
[40] H. Willekens. Direct submission to the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank
databases, Universiteit Gent, Laboratoratorium Genetika, K.L.
Ledeganckstraat 35, Gent, Belgium, B 9000, 1994.
[41] M. Zenk. "Heavy metal detoxification in higher plants - A review,"
Gene 179: 21-30, 1996.
[42] Y. Zhang, W. Guo, S. Chen, L. Han, and Z. Li. "The role of Nlauroylethanolamine
in the regulation of senescence of cut carnations
(Dianthus caryophyllus)," Journal of Plant Physiology 164: (8) 993-
1001, 2007.
[1] M. Abler, and J. G. Scandalios. "Isolation and characterization of a
genomic sequence encoding the maize Cat3 catalase gene," Plant
Molecular Biology 22: (6) 1031-1038, 1993.
[2] A. Ádám, G. S. Bestwick, B. Barna, and J. W. Mansfield. "Enzymes
regulating the accumulation of active oxygen species during the
hypersensitive reaction of bean to pseudomonas-syringae pv
phaseolicola," Planta 197: 240-249, 1995.
[3] H. Aebi. "Catalase in vitro," Methods in Enzymology 105: 121-126,
1984.
[4] C. Ainsworth, J. Beynon, and V. Buchanan-Wollaston. "Techniques in
plant molecular biology (The practical mannual)," Wye college,
University of London, 1995.
[5] C. Bailly, F. Corbineau, and W. G. van Doorn. "Free radical scavenging
and senescence in Iris tepals," Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 39:
649-656, 2001.
[6] M. Bradford. "A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of
micrograms quantities of protein utilising the principle of protein-dye
binding," Annals of Biochemistry 72: 248-254, 1976.
[7] V. Buchanan-Wollaston, and C. Ainsworth. "Leaf senescence in
Brassica napus: Cloning of senescence related genes by subtractive
hybridization," Plant Molecular Biology 33: 821-834, 1997.
[8] V. Buchanan-Wollaston. "Isolation of cDNA clones for genes that are
expressed during leaf senescence in Brassica napus," Plant Physiology
105: 839-46, 1994.
[9] V. Buchanan-Wollaston. "The molecular biology of leaf senescence,"
Journal of Experimental Botany 48: 181-199, 1997.
[10] C. Chevalier, J. Yamaguchi, and P. Mccourt. "Nucleotide sequence of a
cDNA for catalase from Arabidopsis thaliana," Plant Physiology 99:
1726-1728, 1992.
[11] M. Dalal; and K. R. Chopra. "Differential response of antioxidant
enzymes in leaves of necrotic wheat hybrids and their parents,"
Physiologia Plantarum 111: 297-304, 2001.
[12] L. De Kok, and I. Stulen. "Role of glutathione in plants under oxidative
stress. In LJ De Kok, I Stulen, H Rennenberg, C Brunold, WE Rauser,
(eds), Sulfur nutrition and assimilation in higher plants: regulatory
agricultural and environmental aspects. SPB Academic Publishing, the
Hague, The Netherlands," PP. 125-138, 1993.
[13] T. Demiral, and I. T├╝rkan. "Comparative lipid peroxidation, antioxidant
defense systems and proline content in roots of two rice cultivars
differing in salt tolerance," Environmental and Experimental Botany 53:
247-257, 2005.
[14] M. Esaka, N. Yamada, M. Kitabayashi, Y. Setoguchi, R. Tsugeki, M.
Kondo, and M. Nishimura. "cDNA cloning and differential gene
expression of three catalases in pumpkin," Plant Molecular Biology 33:
141-155, 1997.
[15] M. Esaka. "Cat2-Pumpkin, Direct submission to the
DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases," Hiroshima University, Faculty of
Applied Biological Science, Kagamiyama 1-4-4, Higashi-Hiroshima,
739, Japan, 1995a.
[16] M. Esaka. "Cat3-Pumpkin, Direct submission to the
DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases," Hiroshima University, Faculty of
Applied Biological Science, Kagamiyama 1-4-4, Higashi-Hiroshima,
739, Japan, 1995b.
[17] J. Frugoli, M. A. McPeek, T. L. Thomas, and C. R. McClung. "Intron
loss and gain during evolution of the catalase gene family in
Angiosperms," Genetics 149: (1) 355-365, 1998.
[18] J. Frugoli, H. H. Zhong, M. L. Nuccio, P. McCourt, M. A. McPeek, T.
L. Thomas, and C. R. McClung. "Catalase is encoded by a multigene
family in Arabidopsis thaliana (L) Heynh," Plant Physiology 112: (1)
327-336, 1996.
[19] L. Guan, S. Ruzsa, R. W. Skadsen, and J. G. Scandalios. "Comparison of
the Cat2 complementary -DNA sequences of a normal catalase activity
line (w64a) and a high catalase activity line (R6- 67) of maize," Plant
Physiology 96: (4) 1379-1381, 1991.
[20] R. Haddad, K. Morris K and V. Buchanan-Wollaston. "Expression
analysis of genes related to oxidative protection during senescence in
Brassica napus," Iranian Journal of biotechnology 2(4): 269-278, 2004.
[21] R. Haddad, K. Morris, and V. Buchanan-Wollaston. "Characterisation
and functional analysis of senescence-enhanced genes in Brassica napus
and Arabidopsis thaliana," PhD Thesis, Wye College, University of
London, 1999.
[22] C. Hill, S. A. Pearson, A. J. Smith, and L. J. Rogers. "Inhibition of
chlorophyll synthesis in Hordeum vulgare by 2,3 dihydrobenzoic acid
(gabaculin)," Bioscience Reports 5: 775-781,
[23] S. Jebara, M. Jebara, F. Limam, and M. E. Aouani. "Changes in
ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and superoxide
dismutase activities in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) nodules under
salt stress," Journal of Plant Physiology 162: (8) 929-936, 2005.
[24] S. Jung. "Effect of chlorophyll reduction in Arabidopsis thaliana by
methyl jasmonate or norflurazon on antioxidant systems," Plant
Physiology and Biochemistry 42: (3) 225-231, 2004.
[25] J. S. Kim, B. W. Yun, J. S. Choi, T. J. Kim, S. S. Kwak, and K. Y. Cho.
"Death mechanisms caused by carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitors in
green and in undeveloped plant tissues," Pesticide Biochemistry and
Physiology 78: 127-139, 2004.
[26] B. Lewin. "Gene VI," Oxford University Press and Cell Press, 1997.
[27] O. Loew. "Catalase: A new enzyme of general occurrence," Government
printing office, Washington, DC, 1901.
[28] S. Lortz, and M. Tiedge. "Sequential inactivation of reactive oxygen
species by combined overexpression of SOD isoforms and catalase in
insulin-producing cells," Free Radical Biology and Medicine 34: 683-
688, 2003.
[29] H. Luck. "Catalase. In: Bergmeyer HU (ed.): Methods for enzymatic
analysis," Academic Press, NY, PP. 885-894, 1965.
[30] H. Nam. "The molecular genetic analysis of leaf senescence," Current
Opinion in Biotechnology 8: (2) 200-207, 1997.
[31] A. S. Nandwal, S. Kukreja, N. Kumar, P. K. Sharma, M. Jain, A. Mann,
and S. Singh. "Plant water status, ethylene evolution, N2-fixing
efficiency, antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation in Cicer arietinum
L. nodules as affected by short-term salinization and desalinization,"
Journal of Plant Physiology 164: (9) 1161-1169, 2007.
[32] K. Ogawa, S. Kanematsu, and K. Asada. "Generation of superoxide
anion and localization of Cu,Zn- superoxide dismutase in the vascular
tissue of spinach hypocotyls: Their association with lignification," Plant
and Cell Physiology 38: 1118-1126, 1997.
[33] A. K. Parida, A. B. Das, and P. Mohanty. "Defense potentials to NaCl in
a mangrove, Bruguiera parviflora: Differential changes of isoforms of
some antioxidative enzymes," Journal of Plant Physiology 161: 531-542,
2004.
[34] M. Redinbaugh, G. J. Wadsworth, and J. G. Scandalios.
"Characterization of catalase transcripts and their differential expression
in maize," Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 951: (1) 104-116, 1988.
[35] S. Reid S, and G. S. Ross. "Up-regulation of two cDNA clones encoding
metallothionein-like proteins in apple fruit during cool storage,"
Physiologia Plantarum 100: (1) 183-189, 1997.
[36] J. Scandalios. "The antioxidant enzyme genes Cat and SOD of maize -
regulation, functional-significance, and molecular-biology," Isozymes-
Current Topics in Biological and Medical Research 14: 19-44, 1987.
[37] J. Sumner, and A. L. Dounce. "Crystalline catalase," Journal of
Biological Chemistry 121: 417-424, 1937.
[38] R. Trelease. "Cotton Catalase, Direct submission to the
DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases," Arizona State University,
Department of Botany, Temp. Arizona 85287-1601, USA, 1990.
[39] H. Willekens, R. Villarroel, M. Vanmontagu, D. Inze, and W. Vancamp.
"Molecular-identification of catalases from Nicotiana- plumbaginifolia
(L)," Febs Letters 352: 79-83, 1994.
[40] H. Willekens. Direct submission to the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank
databases, Universiteit Gent, Laboratoratorium Genetika, K.L.
Ledeganckstraat 35, Gent, Belgium, B 9000, 1994.
[41] M. Zenk. "Heavy metal detoxification in higher plants - A review,"
Gene 179: 21-30, 1996.
[42] Y. Zhang, W. Guo, S. Chen, L. Han, and Z. Li. "The role of Nlauroylethanolamine
in the regulation of senescence of cut carnations
(Dianthus caryophyllus)," Journal of Plant Physiology 164: (8) 993-
1001, 2007.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:60625", author = "R. Haddad and K. Morris and V. Buchanan-Wollaston", title = "Molecular Characterization of Free Radicals Decomposing Genes on Plant Developmental Stages", abstract = "Biochemical and molecular analysis of some
antioxidant enzyme genes revealed different level of gene expression
on oilseed (Brassica napus). For molecular and biochemical
analysis, leaf tissues were harvested from plants at eight different
developmental stages, from young to senescence. The levels of total
protein and chlorophyll were increased during maturity stages of
plant, while these were decreased during the last stages of plant
growth. Structural analysis (nucleotide and deduced amino acid
sequence, and phylogenic tree) of a complementary DNA revealed a
high level of similarity for a family of Catalase genes. The
expression of the gene encoded by different Catalase isoforms was
assessed during different plant growth phase. No significant
difference between samples was observed, when Catalase activity
was statistically analyzed at different developmental stages. EST
analysis exhibited different transcripts levels for a number of other
relevant antioxidant genes (different isoforms of SOD and
glutathione). The high level of transcription of these genes at
senescence stages was indicated that these genes are senescenceinduced
genes.", keywords = "Biochemical analysis, Oilseed, Expression pattern,
Growth phases", volume = "3", number = "1", pages = "89-7", }
