Microbial Oil Production by Monoculture and Mixed Cultures of Microalgae and Oleaginous Yeasts using Sugarcane Juice as Substrate
Monoculture and mixed cultures of microalgae and
the oleaginous yeast for microbial oil productions were investigated
using sugarcane juice as carbon substrate. The monoculture of yeast
Torulaspora maleeae Y30, Torulaspora globosa YU5/2 grew faster
than that of microalgae Chlorella sp. KKU-S2. In monoculture of T.
maleeae Y30, a biomass of 8.267g/L with lipid yield of 0.920g/L
were obtained, while 8.333g/L of biomass with lipid yield of
1.141g/L were obtained for monoculture of T. globosa YU5/2. A
biomass of 1.933g/L with lipid yield of 0.052g/L was found for
monoculture of Chlorella sp. KKU-S2. The biomass concentration in
the mixed culture of the oleaginous yeast with microalgae increased
faster and was higher compared with that in the monocultures. A
biomass of 8.733g/L with lipid yield of 1.564g/L was obtained for a
mixed culture of T. maleeae Y30 with Chlorella sp. KKU-S2, while
8.010g/L of biomass with lipid yield of 2.424g/L was found for
mixed culture of T. globosa YU5/2 with Chlorella sp. KKU-S2.
Maximum cell yield coefficient (YX/S, g/L) was found of 0.323 in
monoculture of Chlorella sp. KKU-S2 but low level of both specific
yield of lipid (YP/X, g lipid/g cells) of 0.027 and volumetric lipid
production rate (QP, g/L/d) of 0.003 were observed. While, maximum
YP/X (0.303), QP (0.105) and maximum process product yield (YP/S,
0.061) were obtained in mixed culture of T. globosa YU5/2 with
Chlorella sp. KKU-S2. The results obtained from the study shows
that mixed culture of yeast with microalgae is a desirable cultivation
process for microbial oil production.
[1] Huang, G.H., Chen, F., Wei, D., Zhang, X.W., and Chen, G. (2010)
Biodiesel production by microalgal biotechnology. Appl Energy 87:38-
46.
[2] Chen, C.H., Kuei-Ling Yeh, K.L., Aisyah, R., Lee, D.J., Chang, J.S.
(2011) Cultivation, photobioreactor design and harvesting of microalgae
for biodiesel production: A critical review. Bioresour Technol 102: 71-
81.
[3] Brennan, L., Owende, P. (2010) Biofuels from microalgae-a-review of
technologies for production, processing, and extractions of biofuels and
co-products. Renew Energ Rev 14:557-577.
[4] Mata, T.M., Martins, A.A., Caetano, N.S., (2010) Microalgae for
biodiesel production and other applications: a review. Renew Sust Energ
Rev 14: 217-232.
[5] Metzger, P., Largeau, C. (2005) Botryococcus braunii: a rich source for
hydrocarbons and related ether lipids. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol
66:486-496.
[6] Leesing, R., Nontaso, N. (2010) Microalgal oil production by green
microalgae under heterotrophic cultivation. KKU Res J 15 (9): 787-793.
[7] Leesing, R., Kookkhunthod, S. (2011) Heterotrophic growth of
Chlorella sp. KKU-S2 for lipid production using molasses as a carbon
substrate. Proceedings of the International Conference on Food
Engineering and Biotechnology, May 28-29, 2011, Bangkok, Thailand,
pp. 87-91.
[8] Papone, T., Kookkhunthod, S., Leesing, R., (2011) Fed-batch
heterotrophic and mixotrophic cultivation of Chlorella sp. KKU-S2 for
lipid production. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on
STGMS, March 24-25, 2011, Luang Prabang, Lao PDR. p.84.
[9] Yong-Hong, L., Bo, L., Zong-Bao, Z., Feng-Wu, B., (2006)
Optimization of culture conditions for lipid production by
Rhodosporidium toruloides. Chinese J Biotechnol 22: 650-656.
[10] Tehlivets, O., Scheuringer, K. and Kohlwein, S.D. (2007). Fatty acid
synthesis and elongation in yeast. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta.
1771:255-270.
[11] Leesing, R., Karraphan, P. (2011) Kinetic growth of the isolated
oleaginous yeast for lipid production. African J Biotechnol 10 (63):
13867-13877.
[12] Leesing, R., Baojungharn, R. (2011) Microbial Oil Production by
Isolated Oleaginous Yeast Torulaspora globosa YU5/2. Proceedings of
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 76 2011,
Venice, Italy, pp 1088-1092.
[13] O-Reilly, A. M., Scott, J. A. (1995) Defined coimmobilization of mixed
microorganism cultures. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 17:636-646.
[14] Pisman, T. I., Somova, L. A. (2003) Interaction of a mixed yeast culture
in an "autotroph-heterotroph" system with a closed atmosphere cycle
and spatially separated components. Adv. Space Res. 31:1751-1756.
[15] Miller, G.L. (1959) Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination
of reducing sugar. Anal Chem 31: 426-432.
[16] Kwon, D.Y. and Rhee, J.S. (1986) A Simple and rapid colorimetric
method for determination of free fatty acids for lipase assay. J Am Oil
Chem Soc 63:89-92.
[17] Lee, J.M. (1992) Biochemical Engineering. Prentice Hall international,
New Jersey.
[18] Xue, F., Miao, J., Zhang, X., Tan, T. (2010) A new strategy for lipids
production by mix cultivation of Spirulina platensis and Rhodotorula
glutinis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 160:498-503.
[19] Richmond, A. (2004) Handbook of microalgal culture: biotechnology
and applied phycology. Blackwell Science.
[20] Chiu, S.Y., Kao, C.Y., Chen, C.H., Kuan, T.C., Ong, S.C., Lin, C.S.
(2008) Reduction of CO2 by a highdensity culture of Chlorella sp. in a
semicontinuous photobioreactor. Bioresour Technol 99:3389-3396.
[21] Ratledge C., Wynn, J.P. (2002) The biochemistry and molecular biology
of lipid accumulation in oleaginous microorganisms. Adv. Appl.
Microbiol. 51: 1-51.
[22] Molina Grima E, Fern├índez J, Acién Fern├índez FG, Chisti Y. (2001)
Tubular photobioreactor design for algal cultures. J Biotechnol 92:113-
131.
[23] Pope, D.H. (1975) Effects of light intensity, oxygen concentration, and
carbon dioxide concentration on photosynthesis in algae. Microb. Ecol.
2:1-16.
[24] Dong, Q.L., Zhao, X.M. (2004) In situ carbon dioxide fixation in the
process of natural astaxanthin production by a mixed culture of
Haematococcus pluvialis and Phaffia rhodozyma. Catal. Today 98:537-
544
[25] Xiong, W., Li, X., Xiang, J., and Wu, Q. (2008) High-density
fermentation of microalga Chlorella protothecoides in bioreactor for
microbio-diesel production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 78:29-36.
[26] Zhao, C.H., Zhanga, T., Li, M. and Chia, Z.M. (2010) Single cell oil
production from hydrolysates of inulin and extract of tubers of
Jerusalem artichoke by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa TJY15a. Process
Biochem 45:1121-1126.
[1] Huang, G.H., Chen, F., Wei, D., Zhang, X.W., and Chen, G. (2010)
Biodiesel production by microalgal biotechnology. Appl Energy 87:38-
46.
[2] Chen, C.H., Kuei-Ling Yeh, K.L., Aisyah, R., Lee, D.J., Chang, J.S.
(2011) Cultivation, photobioreactor design and harvesting of microalgae
for biodiesel production: A critical review. Bioresour Technol 102: 71-
81.
[3] Brennan, L., Owende, P. (2010) Biofuels from microalgae-a-review of
technologies for production, processing, and extractions of biofuels and
co-products. Renew Energ Rev 14:557-577.
[4] Mata, T.M., Martins, A.A., Caetano, N.S., (2010) Microalgae for
biodiesel production and other applications: a review. Renew Sust Energ
Rev 14: 217-232.
[5] Metzger, P., Largeau, C. (2005) Botryococcus braunii: a rich source for
hydrocarbons and related ether lipids. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol
66:486-496.
[6] Leesing, R., Nontaso, N. (2010) Microalgal oil production by green
microalgae under heterotrophic cultivation. KKU Res J 15 (9): 787-793.
[7] Leesing, R., Kookkhunthod, S. (2011) Heterotrophic growth of
Chlorella sp. KKU-S2 for lipid production using molasses as a carbon
substrate. Proceedings of the International Conference on Food
Engineering and Biotechnology, May 28-29, 2011, Bangkok, Thailand,
pp. 87-91.
[8] Papone, T., Kookkhunthod, S., Leesing, R., (2011) Fed-batch
heterotrophic and mixotrophic cultivation of Chlorella sp. KKU-S2 for
lipid production. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on
STGMS, March 24-25, 2011, Luang Prabang, Lao PDR. p.84.
[9] Yong-Hong, L., Bo, L., Zong-Bao, Z., Feng-Wu, B., (2006)
Optimization of culture conditions for lipid production by
Rhodosporidium toruloides. Chinese J Biotechnol 22: 650-656.
[10] Tehlivets, O., Scheuringer, K. and Kohlwein, S.D. (2007). Fatty acid
synthesis and elongation in yeast. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta.
1771:255-270.
[11] Leesing, R., Karraphan, P. (2011) Kinetic growth of the isolated
oleaginous yeast for lipid production. African J Biotechnol 10 (63):
13867-13877.
[12] Leesing, R., Baojungharn, R. (2011) Microbial Oil Production by
Isolated Oleaginous Yeast Torulaspora globosa YU5/2. Proceedings of
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 76 2011,
Venice, Italy, pp 1088-1092.
[13] O-Reilly, A. M., Scott, J. A. (1995) Defined coimmobilization of mixed
microorganism cultures. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 17:636-646.
[14] Pisman, T. I., Somova, L. A. (2003) Interaction of a mixed yeast culture
in an "autotroph-heterotroph" system with a closed atmosphere cycle
and spatially separated components. Adv. Space Res. 31:1751-1756.
[15] Miller, G.L. (1959) Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination
of reducing sugar. Anal Chem 31: 426-432.
[16] Kwon, D.Y. and Rhee, J.S. (1986) A Simple and rapid colorimetric
method for determination of free fatty acids for lipase assay. J Am Oil
Chem Soc 63:89-92.
[17] Lee, J.M. (1992) Biochemical Engineering. Prentice Hall international,
New Jersey.
[18] Xue, F., Miao, J., Zhang, X., Tan, T. (2010) A new strategy for lipids
production by mix cultivation of Spirulina platensis and Rhodotorula
glutinis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 160:498-503.
[19] Richmond, A. (2004) Handbook of microalgal culture: biotechnology
and applied phycology. Blackwell Science.
[20] Chiu, S.Y., Kao, C.Y., Chen, C.H., Kuan, T.C., Ong, S.C., Lin, C.S.
(2008) Reduction of CO2 by a highdensity culture of Chlorella sp. in a
semicontinuous photobioreactor. Bioresour Technol 99:3389-3396.
[21] Ratledge C., Wynn, J.P. (2002) The biochemistry and molecular biology
of lipid accumulation in oleaginous microorganisms. Adv. Appl.
Microbiol. 51: 1-51.
[22] Molina Grima E, Fern├índez J, Acién Fern├índez FG, Chisti Y. (2001)
Tubular photobioreactor design for algal cultures. J Biotechnol 92:113-
131.
[23] Pope, D.H. (1975) Effects of light intensity, oxygen concentration, and
carbon dioxide concentration on photosynthesis in algae. Microb. Ecol.
2:1-16.
[24] Dong, Q.L., Zhao, X.M. (2004) In situ carbon dioxide fixation in the
process of natural astaxanthin production by a mixed culture of
Haematococcus pluvialis and Phaffia rhodozyma. Catal. Today 98:537-
544
[25] Xiong, W., Li, X., Xiang, J., and Wu, Q. (2008) High-density
fermentation of microalga Chlorella protothecoides in bioreactor for
microbio-diesel production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 78:29-36.
[26] Zhao, C.H., Zhanga, T., Li, M. and Chia, Z.M. (2010) Single cell oil
production from hydrolysates of inulin and extract of tubers of
Jerusalem artichoke by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa TJY15a. Process
Biochem 45:1121-1126.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:55830", author = "Thidarat Papone and Supaporn Kookkhunthod and Ratanaporn Leesing", title = "Microbial Oil Production by Monoculture and Mixed Cultures of Microalgae and Oleaginous Yeasts using Sugarcane Juice as Substrate", abstract = "Monoculture and mixed cultures of microalgae and
the oleaginous yeast for microbial oil productions were investigated
using sugarcane juice as carbon substrate. The monoculture of yeast
Torulaspora maleeae Y30, Torulaspora globosa YU5/2 grew faster
than that of microalgae Chlorella sp. KKU-S2. In monoculture of T.
maleeae Y30, a biomass of 8.267g/L with lipid yield of 0.920g/L
were obtained, while 8.333g/L of biomass with lipid yield of
1.141g/L were obtained for monoculture of T. globosa YU5/2. A
biomass of 1.933g/L with lipid yield of 0.052g/L was found for
monoculture of Chlorella sp. KKU-S2. The biomass concentration in
the mixed culture of the oleaginous yeast with microalgae increased
faster and was higher compared with that in the monocultures. A
biomass of 8.733g/L with lipid yield of 1.564g/L was obtained for a
mixed culture of T. maleeae Y30 with Chlorella sp. KKU-S2, while
8.010g/L of biomass with lipid yield of 2.424g/L was found for
mixed culture of T. globosa YU5/2 with Chlorella sp. KKU-S2.
Maximum cell yield coefficient (YX/S, g/L) was found of 0.323 in
monoculture of Chlorella sp. KKU-S2 but low level of both specific
yield of lipid (YP/X, g lipid/g cells) of 0.027 and volumetric lipid
production rate (QP, g/L/d) of 0.003 were observed. While, maximum
YP/X (0.303), QP (0.105) and maximum process product yield (YP/S,
0.061) were obtained in mixed culture of T. globosa YU5/2 with
Chlorella sp. KKU-S2. The results obtained from the study shows
that mixed culture of yeast with microalgae is a desirable cultivation
process for microbial oil production.", keywords = "Microbial oil, Chlorella sp. KKU-S2, Torulaspora
maleeae Y30, Torulaspora globosa YU5/2, mixed culture, biodiesel.", volume = "6", number = "4", pages = "159-5", }
