Logic Programming and Artificial Neural Networks in Pharmacological Screening of Schinus Essential Oils
Some plants of genus Schinus have been used in the
folk medicine as topical antiseptic, digestive, purgative, diuretic,
analgesic or antidepressant, and also for respiratory and urinary
infections. Chemical composition of essential oils of S. molle and S.
terebinthifolius had been evaluated and presented high variability
according with the part of the plant studied and with the geographic
and climatic regions. The pharmacological properties, namely
antimicrobial, anti-tumoural and anti-inflammatory activities are
conditioned by chemical composition of essential oils. Taking into
account the difficulty to infer the pharmacological properties of
Schinus essential oils without hard experimental approach, this work
will focus on the development of a decision support system, in terms
of its knowledge representation and reasoning procedures, under a
formal framework based on Logic Programming, complemented with
an approach to computing centered on Artificial Neural Networks
and the respective Degree-of-Confidence that one has on such an
occurrence.
[1] F. Bakkali, S. Averbeck, D. Averbeck, M. Idaomar, “Biological effects
of essential oils – A review,” Food Chem. Toxicol., vol. 46, pp. 446–
475, 2008.
[2] R. Amorati, M. C. Foti, L. Valgimigli, “Antioxidant activity of essential
oils,” J. Agric. Food Chem., vol. 61, pp. 10835–10847, 2013.
[3] S. Burt, “Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential
applications in foods – a review,” Int J. Food Microbiol, vol. 94, pp.
223–253, 2004.
[4] E. A. Hayouni, I. Chraief, M. Abedrabba, M. Bouix, J. Leveau, H.
Mohammed, M. Hamdi, “Tunisian Salvia officinalis L. and Schinus
molle L. essential oils: Their chemical compositions and their
preservative effects against Salmonella inoculated in minced beef meat,”
Int. J. Food Microbiol, vol. 125, pp. 242–251, 2008.
[5] H Bendaoud, M. Romdhane, J.P. Souchard, S. Cazaux, J. Bouajila,
“Chemical composition and anticancer and antioxidant activities of
Schinus molle L. and Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi berries essential
oils,” J. Food Science, vol. 75, pp. 466–472, 2010.
[6] M. R. Martins, S. Arantes, F. Candeias, M. T. Tinoco, J. Cruz-Morais,
“Antioxidant, antimicrobial and toxicological properties of Schinus
molle L. essential oils,” J. Ethnopharm, vol. 151, pp. 485–492, 2014.
[7] V. Gomes, G. Agostini, F. Agostini, A. C. Atti dos Santos, M. Rossato,
“Variation in the essential oils composition in Brazilian populations of
Schinus molle L. (Anacardiaceae),” Biochem. Syst. Ecol., vol. 48, 222–
227, 2013.
[8] C. Díaz, S. Quesada, O. Brenes, G. Aguilar, J. F. Cicció, “Chemical
composition of Schinus molle essential oil and its cytotoxic activity on
tumor cell lines,” Nat. Prod. Res. Letters, vol. 22, nº17, pp. 1521–1534,
2008.
[9] K. F. El-Massry, A. H. Ghorab, H. A. Shaaban, T. Shibamoto,
“Chemical compositions and antioxidant/ antimicrobial activities of
various samples prepared from Schinus terebinthifolius leaves cultivated
in Egypt,” J. Agric. Food Chem., vol. 57, pp. 5265–5270, 2009.
[10] J. Duke, Handbook of medicinal herbs, 2nd ed. Boca Raton, Florida:
CRC Press, 2002.
[11] A. C. Atti dos Santos, M. Rossato, L. A. Serafini, M. Bueno, L. B.
Crippa, V. C. Sartori, E. Dellacassa, P. Moyna, “Antifungal effect of
Schinus molle L., Anacardiaceae, and Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi,
Anacardiaceae, essential oils of Rio Grande do Sul”. Braz. J.
Pharmacog. vol. 20, pp. 154–159, 2010.
[12] O. Deveci, A. Sukan, N. Tuzun, E. E. H. Kocabas, “Chemical
composition, repellent and antimicrobial activity of Schinus molle L.,” J.
Med. Plants Res., vol. 4, nº 21, pp. 2211–2216, 2010.
[13] E. Simionatto, M. O. Chagas, M. T. L. P. Peres, S. C. Hess, C. B. Silva,
N. Ré-Poppi, S. S. Gebara, J. Corsino, A. F Morel,.C. Z. Stuker, M. F. C
Matos, J. E. Carvalho, “Chemical composition and biological activities
of leaves essential oil from Schinus molle (Anacardiaceae),” J. Ess. Oil
Bear. Pl., vol. 14, pp. 590–599, 2011. [14] M. C. Bigliani, V. Rossetti, E. Grondona, S. Lo Presti, P. M. Paglini, V.
Rivero, M. P. Zunino, A. A. Ponce, “Chemical compositions and
properties of Schinus areira L. essential oil on airway inflammation and
cardiovascular system of mice and rabbits,” Food Chem. Toxicol., vol.
50, pp. 2282–2288, 2012.
[15] J. Neves, “A logic interpreter to handle time and negation in logic data
bases,” in Proceedings of the 1984 annual conference of the ACM on the
fifth generation challenge, R. L. Muller and J. J. Pottmyer Eds. New York:
Association for Computing Machinery, 1984, pp. 50–54.
[16] J. Neves, J. Machado, C. Analide, A. Abelha and L. Brito, “The halt
condition in genetic programming,” in Progress in Artificial Intelligence –
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4874, J. Neves, M. F. Santos
and J. Machado Eds. Heidelberg: Springer, 2007, pp. 160–169.
[17] P. Cortez, M. Rocha, J. Neves, “Evolving Time Series Forecasting
ARMA Models,” Journal of Heuristics, vol. 10, pp. 415–429, 2004.
[18] A. Kakas, R. Kowalski and F. Toni “The role of abduction in logic
programming,” in Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and Logic
Programming, vol. 5, D. Gabbay, C. Hogger and I. Robinson, Eds.,
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998, pp. 235–324.
[19] M. Gelfond and V. Lifschitz, “The stable model semantics for logic
programming,” in Logic Programming – Proceedings of the Fifth
International Conference and Symposium, R. Kowalski and K. Bowen,
Eds. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1988, pp. 1070–1080.
[20] L. Pereira and H. Anh, “Evolution prospection,” in New Advances in
Intelligent Decision Technologies – Results of the First KES International
Symposium IDT 2009, K. Nakamatsu, G. Phillips-Wren, L. Jain and R.
Howlett Eds. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol. 199, Berlin:
Springer, 2009, pp. 51–64.
[21] J. Halpern, Reasoning about uncertainty. Massachusetts: MIT Press,
2005.
[22] B. Kovalerchuck and G. Resconi, “Agent-based uncertainty logic
network,” in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy
Systems – FUZZ–IEEE 2010, Barcelona, Spain, 2010, pp. 596–603.
[23] P. Lucas, “Quality checking of medical guidelines through logical
abduction,” in Proceedings of AI–2003 (Research and Developments in
Intelligent Systems XX), F. Coenen, A. Preece and A. Mackintosh, Eds.
London: Springer, 2003, pp. 309–321.
[24] J. Machado, A. Abelha, P. Novais, J. Neves and J. Neves, “Quality of
service in healthcare units,” International Journal of Computer Aided
Engineering and Technology, vol. 2, pp. 436–449, 2010.
[25] Y. Liu and M. Sun, “Fuzzy optimization BP neural network model for
pavement performance assessment,” in Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE
International Conference on Grey Systems and Intelligent Services,
Nanjing, China, 2007, pp. 18–20.
[26] A. T. Caldeira, M. R. Martins, M. J. Cabrita, C. Ambrósio, J. M. Arteiro,
J. Neves and H. Vicente, “Aroma compounds prevision using artificial
neural networks influence of newly indigenous Saccharomyces SPP in
white wine produced with Vitis vinifera Cv Siria,” in FOODSIM 2010,
V. Cadavez and D. Thiel Eds. Ghent: Eurosis – ETI Publication, 2010,
pp. 33–40.
[27] H. Vicente, S. Dias, A. Fernandes, A. Abelha, J. Machado, and J. Neves,
“Prediction of the Quality of Public Water Supply using Artificial
Neural Networks,” Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology
– AQUA, vol. 61, pp. 446–459, 2012.
[28] H. Vicente, J. C. Roseiro, J. M. Arteiro, J. Neves and A. T. Caldeira,
“Prediction of bioactive compounds activity against wood contaminant
fungi using artificial neural networks,” Canadian Journal of Forest
Research, vol. 43, pp. 985–992, 2013.
[29] D. Carneiro, P. Novais, F. Andrade, J. Zeleznikow, J. Neves, “Using
case-based reasoning and principled negotiation to provide decision
support for dispute resolution,” Knowledge and Information Systems,
vol. 36, 789–826, 2013.
[30] R. Mendes, J. Kennedy, J. Neves, “The fully informed particle swarm:
simpler, maybe better,” IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary
Computation, vol. 8, 204–210, 2004.
[1] F. Bakkali, S. Averbeck, D. Averbeck, M. Idaomar, “Biological effects
of essential oils – A review,” Food Chem. Toxicol., vol. 46, pp. 446–
475, 2008.
[2] R. Amorati, M. C. Foti, L. Valgimigli, “Antioxidant activity of essential
oils,” J. Agric. Food Chem., vol. 61, pp. 10835–10847, 2013.
[3] S. Burt, “Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential
applications in foods – a review,” Int J. Food Microbiol, vol. 94, pp.
223–253, 2004.
[4] E. A. Hayouni, I. Chraief, M. Abedrabba, M. Bouix, J. Leveau, H.
Mohammed, M. Hamdi, “Tunisian Salvia officinalis L. and Schinus
molle L. essential oils: Their chemical compositions and their
preservative effects against Salmonella inoculated in minced beef meat,”
Int. J. Food Microbiol, vol. 125, pp. 242–251, 2008.
[5] H Bendaoud, M. Romdhane, J.P. Souchard, S. Cazaux, J. Bouajila,
“Chemical composition and anticancer and antioxidant activities of
Schinus molle L. and Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi berries essential
oils,” J. Food Science, vol. 75, pp. 466–472, 2010.
[6] M. R. Martins, S. Arantes, F. Candeias, M. T. Tinoco, J. Cruz-Morais,
“Antioxidant, antimicrobial and toxicological properties of Schinus
molle L. essential oils,” J. Ethnopharm, vol. 151, pp. 485–492, 2014.
[7] V. Gomes, G. Agostini, F. Agostini, A. C. Atti dos Santos, M. Rossato,
“Variation in the essential oils composition in Brazilian populations of
Schinus molle L. (Anacardiaceae),” Biochem. Syst. Ecol., vol. 48, 222–
227, 2013.
[8] C. Díaz, S. Quesada, O. Brenes, G. Aguilar, J. F. Cicció, “Chemical
composition of Schinus molle essential oil and its cytotoxic activity on
tumor cell lines,” Nat. Prod. Res. Letters, vol. 22, nº17, pp. 1521–1534,
2008.
[9] K. F. El-Massry, A. H. Ghorab, H. A. Shaaban, T. Shibamoto,
“Chemical compositions and antioxidant/ antimicrobial activities of
various samples prepared from Schinus terebinthifolius leaves cultivated
in Egypt,” J. Agric. Food Chem., vol. 57, pp. 5265–5270, 2009.
[10] J. Duke, Handbook of medicinal herbs, 2nd ed. Boca Raton, Florida:
CRC Press, 2002.
[11] A. C. Atti dos Santos, M. Rossato, L. A. Serafini, M. Bueno, L. B.
Crippa, V. C. Sartori, E. Dellacassa, P. Moyna, “Antifungal effect of
Schinus molle L., Anacardiaceae, and Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi,
Anacardiaceae, essential oils of Rio Grande do Sul”. Braz. J.
Pharmacog. vol. 20, pp. 154–159, 2010.
[12] O. Deveci, A. Sukan, N. Tuzun, E. E. H. Kocabas, “Chemical
composition, repellent and antimicrobial activity of Schinus molle L.,” J.
Med. Plants Res., vol. 4, nº 21, pp. 2211–2216, 2010.
[13] E. Simionatto, M. O. Chagas, M. T. L. P. Peres, S. C. Hess, C. B. Silva,
N. Ré-Poppi, S. S. Gebara, J. Corsino, A. F Morel,.C. Z. Stuker, M. F. C
Matos, J. E. Carvalho, “Chemical composition and biological activities
of leaves essential oil from Schinus molle (Anacardiaceae),” J. Ess. Oil
Bear. Pl., vol. 14, pp. 590–599, 2011. [14] M. C. Bigliani, V. Rossetti, E. Grondona, S. Lo Presti, P. M. Paglini, V.
Rivero, M. P. Zunino, A. A. Ponce, “Chemical compositions and
properties of Schinus areira L. essential oil on airway inflammation and
cardiovascular system of mice and rabbits,” Food Chem. Toxicol., vol.
50, pp. 2282–2288, 2012.
[15] J. Neves, “A logic interpreter to handle time and negation in logic data
bases,” in Proceedings of the 1984 annual conference of the ACM on the
fifth generation challenge, R. L. Muller and J. J. Pottmyer Eds. New York:
Association for Computing Machinery, 1984, pp. 50–54.
[16] J. Neves, J. Machado, C. Analide, A. Abelha and L. Brito, “The halt
condition in genetic programming,” in Progress in Artificial Intelligence –
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4874, J. Neves, M. F. Santos
and J. Machado Eds. Heidelberg: Springer, 2007, pp. 160–169.
[17] P. Cortez, M. Rocha, J. Neves, “Evolving Time Series Forecasting
ARMA Models,” Journal of Heuristics, vol. 10, pp. 415–429, 2004.
[18] A. Kakas, R. Kowalski and F. Toni “The role of abduction in logic
programming,” in Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and Logic
Programming, vol. 5, D. Gabbay, C. Hogger and I. Robinson, Eds.,
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998, pp. 235–324.
[19] M. Gelfond and V. Lifschitz, “The stable model semantics for logic
programming,” in Logic Programming – Proceedings of the Fifth
International Conference and Symposium, R. Kowalski and K. Bowen,
Eds. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1988, pp. 1070–1080.
[20] L. Pereira and H. Anh, “Evolution prospection,” in New Advances in
Intelligent Decision Technologies – Results of the First KES International
Symposium IDT 2009, K. Nakamatsu, G. Phillips-Wren, L. Jain and R.
Howlett Eds. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol. 199, Berlin:
Springer, 2009, pp. 51–64.
[21] J. Halpern, Reasoning about uncertainty. Massachusetts: MIT Press,
2005.
[22] B. Kovalerchuck and G. Resconi, “Agent-based uncertainty logic
network,” in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy
Systems – FUZZ–IEEE 2010, Barcelona, Spain, 2010, pp. 596–603.
[23] P. Lucas, “Quality checking of medical guidelines through logical
abduction,” in Proceedings of AI–2003 (Research and Developments in
Intelligent Systems XX), F. Coenen, A. Preece and A. Mackintosh, Eds.
London: Springer, 2003, pp. 309–321.
[24] J. Machado, A. Abelha, P. Novais, J. Neves and J. Neves, “Quality of
service in healthcare units,” International Journal of Computer Aided
Engineering and Technology, vol. 2, pp. 436–449, 2010.
[25] Y. Liu and M. Sun, “Fuzzy optimization BP neural network model for
pavement performance assessment,” in Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE
International Conference on Grey Systems and Intelligent Services,
Nanjing, China, 2007, pp. 18–20.
[26] A. T. Caldeira, M. R. Martins, M. J. Cabrita, C. Ambrósio, J. M. Arteiro,
J. Neves and H. Vicente, “Aroma compounds prevision using artificial
neural networks influence of newly indigenous Saccharomyces SPP in
white wine produced with Vitis vinifera Cv Siria,” in FOODSIM 2010,
V. Cadavez and D. Thiel Eds. Ghent: Eurosis – ETI Publication, 2010,
pp. 33–40.
[27] H. Vicente, S. Dias, A. Fernandes, A. Abelha, J. Machado, and J. Neves,
“Prediction of the Quality of Public Water Supply using Artificial
Neural Networks,” Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology
– AQUA, vol. 61, pp. 446–459, 2012.
[28] H. Vicente, J. C. Roseiro, J. M. Arteiro, J. Neves and A. T. Caldeira,
“Prediction of bioactive compounds activity against wood contaminant
fungi using artificial neural networks,” Canadian Journal of Forest
Research, vol. 43, pp. 985–992, 2013.
[29] D. Carneiro, P. Novais, F. Andrade, J. Zeleznikow, J. Neves, “Using
case-based reasoning and principled negotiation to provide decision
support for dispute resolution,” Knowledge and Information Systems,
vol. 36, 789–826, 2013.
[30] R. Mendes, J. Kennedy, J. Neves, “The fully informed particle swarm:
simpler, maybe better,” IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary
Computation, vol. 8, 204–210, 2004.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:70143", author = "José Neves and M. Rosário Martins and Fátima Candeias and Diana Ferreira and Sílvia Arantes and Júlio Cruz-Morais and Guida Gomes and Joaquim Macedo and António Abelha and Henrique Vicente", title = "Logic Programming and Artificial Neural Networks in Pharmacological Screening of Schinus Essential Oils", abstract = "Some plants of genus Schinus have been used in the
folk medicine as topical antiseptic, digestive, purgative, diuretic,
analgesic or antidepressant, and also for respiratory and urinary
infections. Chemical composition of essential oils of S. molle and S.
terebinthifolius had been evaluated and presented high variability
according with the part of the plant studied and with the geographic
and climatic regions. The pharmacological properties, namely
antimicrobial, anti-tumoural and anti-inflammatory activities are
conditioned by chemical composition of essential oils. Taking into
account the difficulty to infer the pharmacological properties of
Schinus essential oils without hard experimental approach, this work
will focus on the development of a decision support system, in terms
of its knowledge representation and reasoning procedures, under a
formal framework based on Logic Programming, complemented with
an approach to computing centered on Artificial Neural Networks
and the respective Degree-of-Confidence that one has on such an
occurrence.", keywords = "Artificial neuronal networks, essential oils,
knowledge representation and reasoning, logic programming, Schinus
molle L, Schinus terebinthifolius raddi.", volume = "9", number = "7", pages = "728-6", }
