Leaching of Mineral Nitrogen and Phosphate from Rhizosphere Soil Stressed by Drought and Intensive Rainfall
This work presents the first results from the long-term experiment, which is focused on the impact of intensive rainfall and long period of drought on microbial activities in soil. Fifteen lysimeters were prepared in the area of our interest. This area is a protection zone of underground source of drinking water. These lysimeters were filed with topsoil and subsoil collected in this area and divided into two groups. These groups differ in fertilization and amount of water received during the growing season. Amount of microbial biomass and leaching of mineral nitrogen and phosphates were chosen as main indicators of microbial activities in soil. Content of mineral nitrogen and phosphates was measured in soil solution, which was collected from each lysimeters. Amount of microbial biomass was determined in soil samples that were taken from the lysimeters before and after the long period of drought and intensive rainfall.
[1] P. C. Brookes, A. Landman, G. Pruden and D. S. Jenkinson,
“Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil nitrogen: A rapid direct
extraction method to measure microbial biomass nitrogen in soil”, Soil
Biology and Biochemistry, vol. 17, no. 6, 1985.
[2] M. L. Decau, J. C. Simon and A. Jacquet, “Fate of urine nitrogen in
three soils through a grazing season”, Journal of Environmental Quality,
vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 1405-13, 2003.
[3] L. F. Diaz, M. de Bertoldi, W. Bidlingmaier and E. Stentiford, Compost
science and technology. Boston: MA Elsevier, 2007, cha. 3.
[4] J. Elbl, L. Plošek, A. Kintl, J. Přichystalová, J. Záhora and J. Hynšt,
“Effect of organic-waste compost addition on leaching of mineral
nitrogen from arable land and plant production”, World Academy of
Science, Engineering and Technology, no. 78, pp. 2858-2863, 2013.
[5] J. K. Friedel, S. Fiedler and A. Kretzschmar, “Limitations when
quantifying microbial carbon and nitrogen by fumigation-extraction in
rooted soils”, Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, vol. 165, no.
5, pp. 589-593, 2002.
[6] J. Galloway and E. B. Cowling, “Reactive nitrogen and the world”, A
Journal of the Human Environment, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 64-71, 2002.
[7] C. R. Chen, L. M. Condron and Z. H. Xu, “Impacts of grassland
afforestation with coniferous trees on soil phosphorus dynamics and
associated microbial processes: A review”, Forest Ecology and
Management, vol. 255, no. 3-4, pp. 396-409, 2008.
[8] A. Kassem and P. Nannipieri, Methods in applied soil microbiology and
biochemistry. London: Academic press, 1995, cha. 8.
[9] R. Kiem, Characterization of refractory soil organic matter in long-term
agroecosystem experiments (PhD thesis). München: Technischen
Universität München eingereicht und durch die Fakultät
Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, 2001, cha. 2-5.
[10] L. Leita, M. De Nobili, C. MOndini, G. Muhlbachova, L. Marchiol, G.
Bragato and M. Contin, “Influence of inorganic and organic fertilization
on soil microbial biomass, metabolic quotient and heavy metal
bioavailability”, Biol Fertil Soil, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 371-376, 1999.
[11] W. McDowell Richard and A. N. Sharpley, “Soil phosphorus fractions
in solution: influence of fertilizer and manure, filtration and method of
determination”, Chemosphere, vol. 45, no. 6-7, pp. 737-748, 2001.
[12] V. Nedvěd, J. Balík, J. Černý, M. Kulhánek, M. Balíková, “The changes
of soil nitrogen and carbon contents in a long-term field experiment
under different systems of nitrogen fertilization”, Plant Soil and
Environment, vol. 54, no. 9, pp. 389-394, 2008.
[13] M. B. Peoples, A. W. Faizah, B. Rerkasem and D. F. Herridge, Methods
for evaluating nitrogen fixation by modulated legumes in the field.
Canberra: Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research,
1989.
[14] A. Piccolo, R. Spaccini, G. Haberhauer, M. H. Gerzabek, “Increased
Sequestration of Organic Carbon in Soil by Hydrophobic Protection”,
Naturwissenschaften, vol. 86, no. 10, pp. 496-499, 1999.
[15] M. Schön, Impact of N fertilization on subsoil properties – Soil organic
matter and aggregate stability. Upsala: Institutionen för mark och miljö,
SLU, Examensarbeten, 2011, cha. 3-4.
[16] M. A. Sutton, The European nitrogen assessment: sources, effects and
policy perspectives. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011, cha.
1, 5.
[17] D. Styles and C. Coxon, “Laboratory drying of organic-matter rich soils:
Phosphorus solubility effects, influence of soil characteristics, and
consequences for environmental interpretation”, Geoderma, vol. 136,
no. 1-2, pp. 120-135, 2006.
[18] B. L. Turner, R. Baxter and B. A. Whitton, “Nitrogen and phosphorus in
soil solutions and drainage streams in Upper Teesdale, northern
England: implications of organic compounds for biological nutrient
limitation”, The Science of the Total Environment, no. 314-316, pp.
153-170, 2003.
[19] E. D. Vance, P. C. Brookes and D. S. Jenkinson, “An extraction method
for measuring soil microbial biomass C”, Soil Biology and
Biochemistry, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 703-707.
[20] J. Záhora and L. Mejzlík, “The leaching of mineral nitrogen into
underground water from soil environment of different ecosystems”,
Ekológia Travného Porastu, no. 7, pp. 170-174, 2007.
[1] P. C. Brookes, A. Landman, G. Pruden and D. S. Jenkinson,
“Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil nitrogen: A rapid direct
extraction method to measure microbial biomass nitrogen in soil”, Soil
Biology and Biochemistry, vol. 17, no. 6, 1985.
[2] M. L. Decau, J. C. Simon and A. Jacquet, “Fate of urine nitrogen in
three soils through a grazing season”, Journal of Environmental Quality,
vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 1405-13, 2003.
[3] L. F. Diaz, M. de Bertoldi, W. Bidlingmaier and E. Stentiford, Compost
science and technology. Boston: MA Elsevier, 2007, cha. 3.
[4] J. Elbl, L. Plošek, A. Kintl, J. Přichystalová, J. Záhora and J. Hynšt,
“Effect of organic-waste compost addition on leaching of mineral
nitrogen from arable land and plant production”, World Academy of
Science, Engineering and Technology, no. 78, pp. 2858-2863, 2013.
[5] J. K. Friedel, S. Fiedler and A. Kretzschmar, “Limitations when
quantifying microbial carbon and nitrogen by fumigation-extraction in
rooted soils”, Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, vol. 165, no.
5, pp. 589-593, 2002.
[6] J. Galloway and E. B. Cowling, “Reactive nitrogen and the world”, A
Journal of the Human Environment, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 64-71, 2002.
[7] C. R. Chen, L. M. Condron and Z. H. Xu, “Impacts of grassland
afforestation with coniferous trees on soil phosphorus dynamics and
associated microbial processes: A review”, Forest Ecology and
Management, vol. 255, no. 3-4, pp. 396-409, 2008.
[8] A. Kassem and P. Nannipieri, Methods in applied soil microbiology and
biochemistry. London: Academic press, 1995, cha. 8.
[9] R. Kiem, Characterization of refractory soil organic matter in long-term
agroecosystem experiments (PhD thesis). München: Technischen
Universität München eingereicht und durch die Fakultät
Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, 2001, cha. 2-5.
[10] L. Leita, M. De Nobili, C. MOndini, G. Muhlbachova, L. Marchiol, G.
Bragato and M. Contin, “Influence of inorganic and organic fertilization
on soil microbial biomass, metabolic quotient and heavy metal
bioavailability”, Biol Fertil Soil, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 371-376, 1999.
[11] W. McDowell Richard and A. N. Sharpley, “Soil phosphorus fractions
in solution: influence of fertilizer and manure, filtration and method of
determination”, Chemosphere, vol. 45, no. 6-7, pp. 737-748, 2001.
[12] V. Nedvěd, J. Balík, J. Černý, M. Kulhánek, M. Balíková, “The changes
of soil nitrogen and carbon contents in a long-term field experiment
under different systems of nitrogen fertilization”, Plant Soil and
Environment, vol. 54, no. 9, pp. 389-394, 2008.
[13] M. B. Peoples, A. W. Faizah, B. Rerkasem and D. F. Herridge, Methods
for evaluating nitrogen fixation by modulated legumes in the field.
Canberra: Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research,
1989.
[14] A. Piccolo, R. Spaccini, G. Haberhauer, M. H. Gerzabek, “Increased
Sequestration of Organic Carbon in Soil by Hydrophobic Protection”,
Naturwissenschaften, vol. 86, no. 10, pp. 496-499, 1999.
[15] M. Schön, Impact of N fertilization on subsoil properties – Soil organic
matter and aggregate stability. Upsala: Institutionen för mark och miljö,
SLU, Examensarbeten, 2011, cha. 3-4.
[16] M. A. Sutton, The European nitrogen assessment: sources, effects and
policy perspectives. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011, cha.
1, 5.
[17] D. Styles and C. Coxon, “Laboratory drying of organic-matter rich soils:
Phosphorus solubility effects, influence of soil characteristics, and
consequences for environmental interpretation”, Geoderma, vol. 136,
no. 1-2, pp. 120-135, 2006.
[18] B. L. Turner, R. Baxter and B. A. Whitton, “Nitrogen and phosphorus in
soil solutions and drainage streams in Upper Teesdale, northern
England: implications of organic compounds for biological nutrient
limitation”, The Science of the Total Environment, no. 314-316, pp.
153-170, 2003.
[19] E. D. Vance, P. C. Brookes and D. S. Jenkinson, “An extraction method
for measuring soil microbial biomass C”, Soil Biology and
Biochemistry, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 703-707.
[20] J. Záhora and L. Mejzlík, “The leaching of mineral nitrogen into
underground water from soil environment of different ecosystems”,
Ekológia Travného Porastu, no. 7, pp. 170-174, 2007.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:61920", author = "J. Elbl and J. K. Friedel and J. Záhora and L. Plošek and A. Kintl and J. Přichystalová and J. Hynšt and L. Dostálová and K. Zákoutská", title = "Leaching of Mineral Nitrogen and Phosphate from Rhizosphere Soil Stressed by Drought and Intensive Rainfall", abstract = "This work presents the first results from the long-term experiment, which is focused on the impact of intensive rainfall and long period of drought on microbial activities in soil. Fifteen lysimeters were prepared in the area of our interest. This area is a protection zone of underground source of drinking water. These lysimeters were filed with topsoil and subsoil collected in this area and divided into two groups. These groups differ in fertilization and amount of water received during the growing season. Amount of microbial biomass and leaching of mineral nitrogen and phosphates were chosen as main indicators of microbial activities in soil. Content of mineral nitrogen and phosphates was measured in soil solution, which was collected from each lysimeters. Amount of microbial biomass was determined in soil samples that were taken from the lysimeters before and after the long period of drought and intensive rainfall.
", keywords = "Mineral nitrogen, Phosphates, Microbial activities, Drought, Precipitation. ", volume = "7", number = "11", pages = "1010-6", }
